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210 results for “Medical Data”
Data from: Cost-effectiveness of a specialist geriatric medical intervention for frail older people discharged from acute medical units: economic evaluation in a two-centre randomised controlled trial (AMIGOS)
Background: Poor outcomes and high resource-use are observed for frail older people discharged from acute medical units. A specialist geriatric medical intervention, to facilitate Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment, was developed to reduce the incidence of adverse outcomes and associated high resource-use in this group in the post-discharge period. Objective: To examine the costs and cost-effectiveness of a specialist geriatric medical intervention for frail older people in the 90 days following discharge from an acute medical unit, compared with standard care. Methods: Economic evaluation was conducted alongside a two-centre randomised controlled trial (AMIGOS). 433 patients (aged 70 or over) at risk of future health problems, discharged from acute medical units within 72 hours of attending hospital, were recruited in two general hospitals in Nottingham and Leicester, UK. Participants were randomised to the intervention, comprising geriatrician assessment in acute units and further specialist management, or to control where patients received no additional intervention over and above standard care. Primary outcome was incremental cost per quality adjusted life year (QALY) gained. Results: We undertook cost-effectiveness analysis for 417 patients (intervention: 205). The difference in mean adjusted QALYs gained between groups at 3 months was -0.001 (95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.009, 0.007). Total adjusted secondary and social care costs, including direct costs of the intervention, at 3 months were £4412 (€5624, $6878) and £4110 (€5239, $6408) for the intervention and standard care groups, the incremental cost was £302 (95% CI: 193, 410) [€385, $471]. The intervention was dominated by standard care with probability of 62%, and with 0% probability of cost-effectiveness (at £20,000/QALY threshold). Conclusions: The specialist geriatric medical intervention for frail older people discharged from acute medical unit was not cost-effective. Further research on designing effective and cost-effective specialist service for frail older people discharged from acute medical units is needed.
Data from: Reducing early infant mortality in India: results of a prospective cohort of pregnant women utilizing emergency medical services
Objectives: To describe the demographic characteristics and clinical outcomes of neonates born within 7 days of public ambulance transport to hospitals across five states in India. Design: Prospective observational study. Setting: Five Indian states using a centralised EMS agency that transported 3.1 million pregnant women in 2014. Participants: Over 6 weeks in 2014, this study followed a convenience sample of 1,431 neonates born to women utilizing a public-private ambulance service for a 'pregnancy related' problem. Initial calls were deemed 'pregnancy related' if categorised by EMS dispatchers as 'pregnancy', 'childbirth', 'miscarriage' or 'labour pains'. Interfacility transfers, patients absent on ambulance arrival, refusal of care, and neonates born to women beyond 7 days of using the service were excluded. Main outcome measures: Death at 2, 7 and 42 days after delivery. Results: Among 1,684 women, 1,411 gave birth to 1,431 newborns within 7 days of initial ambulance transport. Median maternal age at delivery was 23 years (IQR: 21-25). Most mothers were from rural/tribal areas (92.5%) and lower social (79.9%) and economic status (69.9%). Follow-up rates at 2, 7 and 42 days were 99.8%, 99.3% and 94.1%, respectively. Cumulative mortality rates at 2, 7 and 42-days follow-up were 41, 53 and 62 per 1000 births, respectively. The perinatal mortality rate (PMR) was 53 per 1000. Preterm birth [OR: 2.89, 95% CI: 1.67-5.00], twin deliveries (OR: 2.80, 95% CI: 1.10-7.15), and cesarean section (2.21, 95% CI: 1.15-4.23) were the strongest predictors of mortality. Conclusions: The perinatal mortality rate associated with this cohort of patients with high-acuity conditions of pregnancy was nearly two times the most recent rate for India as a whole (28 per 1000 births). EMS data has the potential to provide more robust estimates of PMR, reduce inequities in timely access to healthcare, and increase facility-based care through service of marginalized populations.
Data from: Medically important differences in snake venom composition are dictated by distinct postgenomic mechanisms
Variation in venom composition is a ubiquitous phenomenon in snakes and occurs both interspecifically and intraspecifically. Venom variation can have severe outcomes for snakebite victims by rendering the specific antibodies found in antivenoms ineffective against heterologous toxins found in different venoms. The rapid evolutionary expansion of different toxin-encoding gene families in different snake lineages is widely perceived as the main cause of venom variation. However, this view is simplistic and disregards the understudied influence that processes acting on gene transcription and translation may have on the production of the venom proteome. Here, we assess the venom composition of six related viperid snakes and compare interspecific changes in the number of toxin genes, their transcription in the venom gland, and their translation into proteins secreted in venom. Our results reveal that multiple levels of regulation are responsible for generating variation in venom composition between related snake species. We demonstrate that differential levels of toxin transcription, translation, and their posttranslational modification have a substantial impact upon the resulting venom protein mixture. Notably, these processes act to varying extents on different toxin paralogs found in different snakes and are therefore likely to be as important as ancestral gene duplication events for generating compositionally distinct venom proteomes. Our results suggest that these processes may also contribute to altering the toxicity of snake venoms, and we demonstrate how this variability can undermine the treatment of a neglected tropical disease, snakebite.
Data from: Is computer-assisted instruction more effective than other educational methods in achieving ECG competence amongst medical students and residents? A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Objectives It remains unclear whether computer-assisted instruction (CAI) is more effective than other teaching methods in acquiring and retaining ECG competence amongst medical students and residents. Design This systematic review and meta-analysis followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Data sources Electronic literature searches of PubMed, databases via EBSCOhost, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar and grey literature were conducted on 28 November 2017. We subsequently reviewed the citation indexes of articles identified by the search. Eligibility criteria Studies were included if a comparative research design was used to evaluate the efficacy of CAI versus other methods of ECG instruction, as determined by the acquisition and/or retention of ECG competence of medical students and/or residents. Data extraction and synthesis Two reviewers independently extracted data from all eligible studies and assessed the risk of bias. After duplicates were removed, 559 papers were screened. Thirteen studies met the eligibility criteria. Eight studies reported sufficient data to be included in the meta-analysis. Results In all studies, CAI was compared to face-to-face ECG instruction. There was a wide range of computer-assisted and face-to-face teaching methods. Overall, the meta-analysis found no significant difference in acquired ECG competence between those who received computer-assisted or face-to-face instruction. However, sub-analyses showed that CAI in a blended learning context was better than face-to-face teaching alone, especially if trainees had unlimited access to teaching materials and/or deliberate practice with feedback. There was no conclusive evidence that CAI was better than face-to-face teaching for longer-term retention of ECG competence. Conclusion CAI was not better than face-to-face ECG teaching. However, this meta-analysis was constrained by significant heterogeneity amongst studies. Nevertheless, the finding that blended learning is more effective than face-to-face ECG teaching is important in the era of increased implementation of e-learning. PROSPERO registration number CRD42017067054
Data from: Trial-results reporting and academic medical centers.
To the Editor: Reporting of aggregate results helps mitigate disclosure biases affecting medical research. Although the reporting of summary results is currently mandated by the Food and Drug Administration Amendments Act of 2007 (FDAAA), published findings suggest underreporting. Two recent proposals are aimed at improving public reporting of aggregate results. These are a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (NPRM) to expand FDAAA requirements to include the results of trials of unapproved products, and a draft policy requiring the results of all National Institutes of Health (NIH)-funded trials, including those not subject to the FDAAA.
Data from: Medical school selection criteria as predictors of medical student empathy: a cross-sectional study of medical students, Ireland
Objectives: To determine whether performance in any of the HPAT sections, most specifically the interpersonal understanding section, correlates with self-reported empathy levels in medical students. Setting: The study was conducted in University College Cork, Ireland. Participants: 290 students participated in the study. Matching HPAT scores were available for 263 students. All male and female undergraduate students were invited to participate. Post graduate and international students were excluded. Primary and secondary outcome measures: HPAT-Ireland and JSPE scores were compared including subsection analysis. Comparisons were made between groups such as gender and year of programme. Results : A total of 290 students participated. Males scored significantly higher than females for total HPAT-Ireland [U = 7329, z = -2.04, p < 0.05], HPAT-Ireland Section 1 [U = 5382, z = -5.21, p < 0.0001], and Section 3 scores [U = 6833, z = -2.85, p < 0.01]. In contrast, females scored significantly higher than males on HPAT-Ireland Section 2 [U = 5844, z = -4.46, p < 0.0001]. Females demonstrated significantly higher total JSPE scores relative to males [mean score ± SEM: 113.33 ± 1.05 vs 109.21 ± 0.95; U = 8450, z = -2.83, p < 0.01]. No significant association was observed between JSPE scores and any of the HPAT-Ireland measures [all p > 0.05]. There was no effect of programme year on JSPE scores [all p >0.05]. Conclusion : The introduction of the HPAT–Ireland test was partly designed to identify students with strong interpersonal skills. A significant finding of this study is that JSPE values did not correlate with HPAT-Ireland scores. This study suggests no clear link between scores on a selection test, the HPAT-Ireland, which is designed to assess several skill domains including interpersonal skills, and scores on a psychometric measure of empathy, at any point during medical education.
Data from: Diagnostic pathways and direct medical costs incurred by new adult pulmonary tuberculosis patients prior to anti-tuberculosis treatment – Tamil Nadu, India
Background: Tuberculosis (TB) patients face substantial delays prior to treatment initiation, and out of pocket (OOP) expenditures often surpass the economic productivity of the household. We evaluated the pre-diagnostic cost and health seeking behaviour of new adult pulmonary TB patients registered at Primary Health Centres (PHCs) in Vellore district, Tamil Nadu, India. Methods: This descriptive study, part of a randomised controlled trial conducted in three rural Tuberculosis Units from Dec 2012 to Dec 2015, collected data on number of health facilities, dates of visits prior to the initiation of anti-tuberculosis treatment, and direct OOP medical costs associated with TB diagnosis. Logistic regression analysis examined the factors associated with delays in treatment initiation and OOP expenditures. Results: Of 880 TB patients interviewed, 34.7% presented to public health facilities and 65% patients sought private health facilities as their first point of care. The average monthly individual income was $77.79 (SD 57.14). About 69% incurred some pre-treatment costs at an average of $39.74. Overall, patients experienced a median of 6 days (3-11 IQR) of time to treatment initiation and 21 days (10-30 IQR) of health systems delay. Age ≤ 40 years (aOR: 1.73; CI: 1.22 - 2.44), diabetes (aOR: 1.63; CI: 1.08 - 2.44) and first visit to a private health facility (aOR: 17.2; CI: 11.1 - 26.4) were associated with higher direct OOP medical costs, while age ≤ 40 years (aOR: 0.64; CI: 0.48 - 0.85) and first visit to private health facility (aOR: 1.79, CI: 1.34 - 2.39) were associated with health systems delay. Conclusion: The majority of rural TB patients registering at PHCs visited private health facilities first and incurred substantial direct OOP medical costs and delays prior to diagnosis and anti-tuberculosis treatment initiation. This study highlights the need for PHCs to be made as the preferred choice for first point of contact, to combat TB more efficiently.
A Big Data Analysis Algorithm for Massive Sensor Medical Images
<p><span>The smart sensor based big data analysis recommendation system has significant privacy and security concerns when it comes to using sensor medical images for suggestions and monitoring. The danger of security breaches and unauthorized access which might lead to identity theft and privacy violations increases when sending and storing sensitive medical data on the cloud. Insufficient or erroneous patient data can lead to poor treatment decisions, misdiagnoses, and unreliable recommendations. By creating an anomaly detection system based on machine learning specifically for medical image and providing timely treatments and notifications, our effort will improve patient care and well-being. We infer the feature extraction, feature selection, attack detection, and data collection data processing procedures in order to anticipate the anomaly in patient data. We transfer the data, take care of any missing values, and sanitize it using the data pre-processing mechanism. We employed the RFE and DPCA algorithms for feature selection and extraction, respectively. In addition, we applied the AGRNN approach to identify abnormalities. Data arrival rate, resource consumption, propagation delay, transaction epoch, true positive rate, false alarm rate, and RMSE are some of the metrics used to evaluate the proposed task.</span></p>
Medical Equipment Image Data set
<p>This data set aims to realise the medical equipment recognition to aid visual search through three deep learning models. The data set contains ten medical equipment classes: commodes, wheelchairs, walking frames, blood pressure monitors, breast pumps, thermometers, rippled mattresses, oximeters, crutches, and therapeutic ultrasound machines. We collected from online resources around 220 images for each medical equipment class. Each image class in the test set has around 40 images.</p> <p>Refer to the paper <a href="http://doi.org/10.3233/JIFS-212786">here</a> or in research gate (preprint).</p>
Data set supplementing "Determinants of Laypersons' Trust in Medical Decision Aids: Randomized Controlled Trial"
<p>This is the de-identified data set used to conduct the analyses in the preprint submitted to JMIR Human Factors under the title "Determinants of Laypersons’ Trust in Medical Decision Aids: Randomized Controlled Trial" (<a href="https://doi.org/10.2196/35219">https://doi.org/10.2196/35219</a>).</p> <p>This dataset contains 494 respondents' appraisals of a fictitious case vignette. They received support from a decision aid (that always disagreed with participants' first appraisal) showing a mock symptom checker logo, a decision aid framed as anthropomorphic or as an AI. Their second appraisal - taking into account the symptom checker advice - was collected again. </p> <p>Additionally, the data contains participants'</p> <ul> <li>age</li> <li>gender</li> <li>education</li> <li>medical training</li> <li>propensity to trust</li> <li>eHealth Literacy</li> <li>certainty in their appraisals</li> <li>trust in the decision aid</li> </ul>
Medical data formatting to improve physician interpretation speed in the military healthcare system
<p><strong>Objective</strong>: The purpose of this project was to improve the ease and speed of physician comprehension when interpreting daily laboratory data for patients admitted within the Military Healthcare System (MHS).</p> <p><strong>Materials and Methods</strong>: A JavaScript program was created to convert the laboratory data obtained via the outpatient electronic medical record (EMR) into a "fishbone diagram" format that is familiar to most physicians. Using a balanced crossover design, 35 internal medicine trainees and staff were asked to complete timed comprehension tests for laboratory data sets formatted in the outpatient EMR's format and in fishbone diagram format. The number of responses per second and error rate per response were measured for each format. Participants were asked to rate relative ease of use for each format and indicate which format they preferred.</p> <p><strong>Results</strong>: Comprehension speed increased 37% (6.28 seconds per interpretation) with the fishbone diagram format with no observed increase in errors. Using a Likert scale of 1 to 5 (1 being hard, 5 easy), participants indicated the new format was easier to use (4.14 for fishbone vs 2.14 for table) with 89% expressing a preference for the new format. </p> <p><strong>Discussion</strong>: The publically available web application that converts tabular lab data to fishbone diagram format is currently used 10,000-12,000 times per month across the MHS, delivering significant benefit to the enterprise in terms of time saved and improved physician experience.</p> <p><strong>Conclusions</strong>: This study supports the use of fishbone diagram formatting for laboratory data for inpatients within the MHS.</p>
Data from: The Effect of Watching Lecture Videos at 2x Speed on Memory Retention Performance of Medical Students: An Experimental Study
<p><strong>The study is accesible from here: </strong><a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/0142159X.2023.2189537">https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/0142159X.2023.2189537</a><br> <br> <strong>Dataset Info</strong></p> <p># The first row of the dataset identifies the columns.<br> # The first column represents the participant ids.<br> # The second column represents the participants' universities (1 to 9 represent nine universities).<br> # The third column represents the years of participants in their six-year-long medical schools (1: Year-1 students, 2: Year-2 students).<br> # The fourth column represents the genders of participants (1: Female, 2: Male).<br> # The fifth column represents the speed that participants watched the video at (1: 1x Speed, 2: 2x Speed).<br> # The sixth to the twenty fifth columns (i_q1 to i_q20) represent the scores in the first to twentieth questions in the Immediate test, respectively (0: False, 1: True).<br> # The twenty sixth column (i_totalscore) represents the total score in the Immediate test.<br> # The twenty seventh to fourty sixth columns (d_q1 to d_q20) represent the scores in the first to twentieth questions in the Delayed test, respectively (0: False, 1: True).<br> # The fourty seventh column (d_totalscore) represents the total score in the Delayed test.</p>
MedSegBench: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Medical Image Segmentation in Diverse Data Modalities
<p>We split the dataset into two parts due to the maximum uploaded file limit. You can find other data in Version 1.</p> <p>This dataset is an article study and is under evaluation.</p> <p><code>You can access the article on <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41597-024-04159-2">Nature</a>.</code></p> <p><code>Trained model weights and detailed prediction results for each dataset (<a href="../records/13381081" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Zenodo</a>)</code></p>
Data from: Characteristics and outcomes of women utilizing emergency medical services for third-trimester pregnancy-related complaints in India: a prospective observational study
Objectives: Characterize the demographics, management, and outcomes of obstetric patients transported by emergency medical services (EMS). Design: Prospective observational study. Setting: Five Indian states utilizing a centralized EMS agency that transported 3.1 million pregnant women in 2014. Participants: This study enrolled a convenience sample of 1684 women in third trimester of pregnancy calling with a "pregnancy-related" complaint for free-of-charge ambulance transport. Calls were deemed "pregnancy-related" if categorized by EMS dispatchers as "pregnancy", "childbirth", "miscarriage", or "labor pains". Interfacility transfers, patients absent upon ambulance arrival, and patients refusing care were excluded. Main outcome measures: Emergency medical technician (EMT) interventions, method of delivery, and death. Results: The median age enrolled was 23 years (IQR 21-25). Women were primarily from rural/tribal areas (1550/1684 (92.0%)) and lower economic strata (1177/1684 (69.9%)). Time from initial call to hospital arrival was longer for rural/tribal compared to urban patients (66 min (IQR 51-84) vs 56 min (IQR 42-73), respectively, p<0.0001). EMTs assisted delivery in 44 women, delivering the placenta in 33/44 (75%), performing transabdominal uterine massage in 29/33 (87.9%), and administering oxytocin in none (0%). There were 1411 recorded deliveries. Most women delivered at a hospital (1212/1411 (85.9%)), however 126/1411 (8.9%) delivered at home following hospital discharge. Follow-up rates at 48 hours, 7 days, and 42 days were 95.0%, 94.4%, and 94.1%, respectively. Four women died, all within 48 hours. The cesarean section rate was 8.2% (116/1411). On multivariate regression analysis, women transported to private hospitals versus government primary health centers were less likely to deliver by cesarean section (odds ratio 0.14 (0.05 to 0.43)). Conclusions: Pregnant women from vulnerable Indian populations use free-of-charge EMS for impending delivery, making it integral to the health care system. Future research and health system planning should focus on strengthening and expanding EMS as a component of EmONC.
Data from: Sustainability of professionals' adherence to clinical practice guidelines in medical care: a systematic review
Objectives: To evaluate (1) the state of the art in sustainability research and (2) the outcomes of professionals' adherence to guideline recommendations in medical practice. Design: Systematic review. Data sources: Searches were conducted until August 2015 in MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) and the Guidelines International Network (GIN) library. A snowball strategy, in which reference sections of other reviews and of included papers were searched, was used to identify additional papers. Eligibility criteria: Studies needed to be focused on sustainability and on professionals' adherence to clinical practice guidelines in medical care. Studies had to include at least 2 measurements: 1 before (PRE) or immediately after implementation (EARLY POST) and 1 measurement longer than 1 year after active implementation (LATE POST). Results: The search retrieved 4219 items, of which 14 studies met the inclusion criteria, involving 18 sustainability evaluations. The mean timeframe between the end of active implementation and the sustainability evaluation was 2.6 years (minimum 1.5–maximum 7.0). The studies were heterogeneous with respect to their methodology. Sustainability was considered to be successful if performance in terms of professionals' adherence was fully maintained in the late postimplementation phase. Long-term sustainability of professionals' adherence was reported in 7 out of 18 evaluations, adherence was not sustained in 6 evaluations, 4 evaluations showed mixed sustainability results and in 1 evaluation it was unclear whether the professional adherence was sustained. Conclusions: (2) Professionals' adherence to a clinical practice guideline in medical care decreased after more than 1 year after implementation in about half of the cases. (1) Owing to the limited number of studies, the absence of a uniform definition, the high risk of bias, and the mixed results of studies, no firm conclusion about the sustainability of professionals' adherence to guidelines in medical practice can be drawn.
Data from: Medical expenditure for chronic diseases in Mexico: the case of selected diagnoses treated by the largest care providers
Background: Chronic diseases (CD) are a public health emergency in Mexico. Despite concern regarding the financial burden of CDs in the country, economic studies have focused only on diabetes, hypertension, and cancer. Furthermore, these estimated financial burdens were based on hypothetical epidemiology models or ideal healthcare scenarios. The present study estimates the annual expenditure per patient and the financial burden for the nine most prevalent CDs, excluding cancer, for each of the two largest public health providers in the country: the Ministry of Health (MoH) and the Mexican Institute of Social Security (IMSS). Methods: Using the Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey 2012 (ENSANUT) as the main source of data, health services consumption related to CDs was obtained from patient reports. Unit costs for each provided health service (e.g. consultation, drugs, hospitalization) were obtained from official reports. Prevalence data was obtained from the published literature. Annual expenditure due to health services consumption was calculated by multiplying the quantity of services consumed by the unit cost of each health service. Results: The most expensive CD in both health institutions was chronic kidney disease (CKD), with an annual unit cost for MoH per patient of US$ 8,966 while for IMSS the expenditure was US$ 9,091. Four CDs (CKD, arterial hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and chronic ischemic heart disease) accounted for 88% of the total CDs financial burden (US$ 1.42 billion) in MoH and 85% (US$ 3.96 billion) in IMSS. The financial burden of the nine CDs analyzed represents 8% and 25% of the total annual MoH and IMSS health expenditure, respectively. Conclusions/Significance: The financial burden from the nine most prevalent CDs, excluding cancer, is already high in Mexico. This finding by itself argues for the need to improve health promotion and disease detection, diagnosis, and treatment to ensure CD primary and secondary prevention. If the status quo remains, the financial burden could be higher.
Usability of SMART ANGEL Medical Device to Record and Transmit Health Data From Patient's Home Following Outpatient Surgery
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03464721. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Promoting Safe Medication Use in Pregnancy in the Era of Real-World Data - The SafeStart Study
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04182750. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.
Artificial Intelligence for Automated Clinical Data Exploration From Electronic Medical Records (CardioMining-AI)
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05176769. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 7.
A Study of Stimulant Medications Infusion Through Midline Catheters Based on Real-world Data
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06454552. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.