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1,248 results for “Melanogaster”
GMT file for melanogaster pathways
Monthly data release from WikiPathways.org
Evidence for stronger sexual selection in males than females using an adapted method of Bateman's classic study of Drosophila melanogaster
<p>Bateman’s principle, originally a test of Darwin’s theoretical ideas, has since become fundamental to sexual selection theory and vital to contextualising the role of anisogamy and the operational sex ratio in sex differences in both reproductive competition and precopulatory sexual selection. Despite this, Bateman’s principle has received substantial criticism, and researchers have highlighted both statistical and methodological errors, suggesting that Bateman’s original experiment contains too much sampling bias for there to be any evidence of sexual selection. This study uses Bateman’s original method as a template, accounting for two fundamental flaws in his original experiments, (i) viability effects and (ii) a lack of mating behaviour observation. Experimental populations of <em>Drosophila melanogaster</em> consisted of wild-type focal individuals and non-focal individuals established by backcrossing the brown eye (<em>bw<sup>-</sup></em>) eye-colour marker. Mating assays included direct observation of mating behaviour and subsequently, total number of offspring were counted, to obtain measures of mating success, reproductive success, and standardised variance measures based on Bateman’s principle. The results provide observational support for Bateman’s principle, particularly that (i) males had significantly more variation in number of mates compared to females and (ii) males had significantly more individual variation in total number of offspring. We also find significantly steeper Bateman gradient for males compared to females, suggesting that sexual selection is operating more intensely in males. However, female remating was limited, providing the opportunity for future study to further explore female reproductive success in correlation with higher levels of remating.</p>
Data for: Natural genetic variation in a dopamine receptor is associated with variation in female fertility in Drosophila melanogaster
<p>Fertility is a major component of fitness but its genetic architecture remains poorly understood. Using a full diallel cross of 50 <em>Drosophila</em> <em>melanogaster</em> Genetic Reference Panel inbred lines with whole genome sequences, we found substantial genetic variation in fertility largely attributable to females. We mapped genes associated with variation in female fertility by genome-wide association analysis of common variants in the fly genome. Validation of candidate genes by RNAi knockdown confirmed the role of the dopamine 2-like receptor (<em>Dop2R</em>) in promoting egg laying. We replicated the <em>Dop2R</em> effect in an independently collected productivity dataset and showed that the effect of the <em>Dop2R</em> variant was mediated in part by regulatory gene expression variation. This study demonstrates the strong potential of genome-wide association analysis in this diverse panel of inbred strains and subsequent functional analyses for understanding the genetic architecture of fitness traits.</p>
Thermal phenotypic plasticity of pre- and post-copulatory male harm buffers sexual conflict in wild Drosophila melanogaster
<div> <p><span>Strong sexual selection frequently leads to sexual conflict and ensuing male harm, whereby males increase their reproductive success at the expense of harming females. Male harm is a widespread evolutionary phenomenon with a strong bearing on population viability. Thus, understanding how it unfolds in the wild is a current priority. Here, we sampled a wild </span><span><em>Drosophila</em> <em>melanogaster</em></span><span> population and studied male harm across the normal range of temperatures under which it reproduces optimally in nature by comparing female lifetime reproductive success and underlying male harm mechanisms under monogamy (i.e., low male competition/harm) vs. polyandry (i.e., high male competition/harm). While females had equal lifetime reproductive success across temperatures under monogamy, polyandry resulted in a maximum decrease of female fitness at 24°C (35%), reducing its impact at both 20°C (22%), and 28°C (10%). Furthermore, female fitness components and pre- (i.e., harassment) and post-copulatory (i.e., ejaculate toxicity) mechanisms of male harm were asymmetrically affected by temperature. At 20ºC, male harassment of females was reduced, and polyandry accelerated female actuarial ageing. In contrast, the effect of mating on female receptivity (a component of ejaculate toxicity) was only modulated at 28ºC, where the mating costs for females decreased and polyandry mostly resulted in accelerated reproductive ageing. We thus show that, across a natural thermal range, sexual conflict processes and their effects on female fitness components are plastic and complex. As a result, the net effect of male harm on overall population viability is likely to be lower than previously surmised. We discuss how such plasticity may affect selection, adaptation and, ultimately, evolutionary rescue under a warming climate. </span><span> </span></p> </div>
Evolution of reproductive isolation in a long-term evolution experiment with Drosophila melanogaster: 30 years of divergent life history selection
<p>We ask if three decades and over 1,500 generations of divergent life history selection on age at reproduction has resulted in the evolution of reproductive isolation (RI) between laboratory populations of <em>Drosophila</em> <em>melanogaster</em>. We tested for premating, postmating-prezygotic and postzygotic reproductive isolation between 3 replicate population pairs. Large evolved differences in body size between selection treatments suggested the potential for prezygotic barriers driven by sexual selection or physical incompatibilities between the sexes. Although a simple prediction would be preference for larger size, creating directional isolation, our results from individual mate choice trials indicate that populations from both selection treatments show a marked bias towards homotypic mate choice; indicative of prezygotic RI driven by sexual selection or sexual conflict. Hybridization between the focal populations resulted in the production of viable adult flies with intermediate size and developmental traits. We observed a suggestive but statistically non-significant trend of fitness decline in the F2 generation of hybrids, but no significant evidence suggesting the evolution of postmating-prezygotic or postzygotic RI. Our findings are in accord with extant literature that posits that premating RI evolves before postmating forms of RI.</p>
Naturally segregating variants contributing to thermal tolerance in a D. melanogaster model system.
<p>Main_Incapacitation.zip and Incapacitation_founders.zip contain raw thermal tolerance scores for individuals measured within the heat box. Each folder is labeled with the RIL or founder ID and replicates within each file are labeled with group numbers. </p> <p>RNAi_files_to_tar.txt contains the metadata for the Combined_tracks_RNAi_1.Rds.zip and Combined_tracks_RNAi_2.Rds.zip.</p> <p>Combined_tracks_RNAi_1.Rds.zip and Combined_tracks_RNAi_2.Rds.zip. contains raw data for RNAi lines measured on the heat plate. </p> <p>plate_finder-kinglab-2021-05-02.zip contains the DeepLabCut model used for finding the corners of aluminum mounting plate used to hold the fly vials for thermal sensitivity testing. This directory contains the training data as well as the trained and evaluated model. No retraining should be necessary for use.</p> <p>fly_tracker_2-king-2021-09-27.zip contains the DeepLabCut model used for tracking individual flies during thermal sensitivity testing. This directory contains the training data as well as the trained and evaluated model. No retraining should be necessary for use.</p> <p>fly_tracker_batch.py is a python (>= 3.0) script that processes the raw movie files collected via the Raspberry Pi. This script uses the plate finder DeepLabCut model to find the corners of the plate, rotate and crop the images, and output movie files for individual flies. It then uses the fly tracker DeepLabCut model to track the flies and output the data for subsequent processing in R.</p>
Data for: Altered Circadian Rhythm, Sleep, and Rhodopsin 7-Dependent Shade Preference During Diapause in Drosophila Melanogaster
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Evolution of reproductive isolation in a long-term evolution experiment with Drosophila melanogaster: 30 years of divergent life history selection
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Reciprocal costs of infection and reproduction in D. melanogaster
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Data for: Natural genetic variation in a dopamine receptor is associated with variation in female fertility in Drosophila melanogaster
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Data from: Wolbachia impacts microbiome diversity and fitness-associated traits for Drosophila melanogaster in a seasonally fluctuating environment
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Data from: Sensation of electric fields in Drosophila melanogaster
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Data from: Long-sperm precedence and other cryptic female choices in Drosophila melanogaster
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Distinct signals of clinal and seasonal allele frequency change at eQTLs in Drosophila melanogaster
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Data from: Pre-copulatory reproductive behaviours are preserved in Drosophila melanogaster infected with bacteria
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Temperature drives the evolutionary diversification of male harm in Drosophila melanogaster flies
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Desiccation stress acts as cause as well as cost of dispersal in Drosophila melanogaster
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Data from: Genetic and environmental canalization are not correlated among altitudinally varying populations of Drosophila melanogaster
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Fertility loss and recovery dynamics after repeated heat stress across life stages in male Drosophila melanogaster: Patterns and processes
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Data from: A social learning primacy trend in mate-copying; an experiment in Drosophila melanogaster
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