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FIG. 6 in Revision of the cranial anatomy of Ophisaurus acuminatus Jörg, 1965 (Anguimorpha, Anguidae) from the late Miocene of Germany

FIG. 6. — Ophisaurus acuminatus Jörg, 1965, SMNK-PAL.8561: A, B, right postfrontal in dorsolateral (A) and ventrolateral (B) views; C, D, left postfrontal in dorsolateral (C) and ventrolateral (D) views. Scale bar: 2 mm.

FIG. 12 in Revision of the cranial anatomy of Ophisaurus acuminatus Jörg, 1965 (Anguimorpha, Anguidae) from the late Miocene of Germany

FIG. 12. — Ophisaurus acuminatus Jörg, 1965, SMNK-PAL.8561: A, photograph; C, D, virtual 3D models of right dentary in lateral (A, B), medial (C) and ventromedial (D) views. Scale bar: 2 mm.

FIG. 14 in Revision of the cranial anatomy of Ophisaurus acuminatus Jörg, 1965 (Anguimorpha, Anguidae) from the late Miocene of Germany

FIG. 14. — Ophisaurus acuminatus Jörg, 1965, SMNK-PAL.8610: A-G, osteoderms in external (A, C-G) and internal (B) views. Scale bars: 1 mm.

FIG. 10 in Revision of the cranial anatomy of Ophisaurus acuminatus Jörg, 1965 (Anguimorpha, Anguidae) from the late Miocene of Germany

FIG. 10. — Ophisaurus acuminatus Jörg, 1965, SMNK-PAL.8561: A-D, photograph (A) and virtual 3D models (B-D) of right fused exoccipital and opisthotic in anterolateral (A, B), anterior (C) and posterolateral (D) views. In A-C, fused exoccipital and opisthotic are dorsoventrally turned up. Scale bars: 2 mm.

FIG. 5 in Revision of the cranial anatomy of Ophisaurus acuminatus Jörg, 1965 (Anguimorpha, Anguidae) from the late Miocene of Germany

FIG. 5. — Ophisaurus acuminatus Jörg, 1965: A-C, SMNK-PAL.8561, photograph (A) and virtual 3D models of right prefrontal in lateral (A, B) and medial (C) views; D, E, SMNK-PAL.8690, virtual 3D models of left prefrontal in lateral (D) and medial (E) views; F, G, posterior portion of left frontal bone in dorsal (F) and ventral (G) views. Scale bars: 2 mm.

FIG. 2. — A-D in Revision of the cranial anatomy of Ophisaurus acuminatus Jörg, 1965 (Anguimorpha, Anguidae) from the late Miocene of Germany

FIG. 2. — A-D, Ophisaurus acuminatus Jörg, 1965, SMNK-PAL.8561: A, virtual 3D models of individual bones of holotype skull in internal view; B-D, right septomaxilla in dorsal (B), laterodorsal (C) and ventral (D) views; E, F, right septomaxilla of Ophisaurus attenuatus in dorsal (E) and ventral (F) views. Scale bars: A, 10 mm; B-F, 2 mm.

FIG. 4. — A-C in Revision of the cranial anatomy of Ophisaurus acuminatus Jörg, 1965 (Anguimorpha, Anguidae) from the late Miocene of Germany

FIG. 4. — A-C, Ophisaurus acuminatus Jörg, 1965, SMNK-PAL.8561: A, B, virtual 3D models of nasals in dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views; C, reconstruction of posterior ornamented shields in dorsal view; D, E, virtual 3D models of anterior portions of skulls of Ophisaurus ventralis (Linnaeus, 1766) (ZFMK 95414) (D) and Ophisaurus attenuatus Baird, 1880 (DE 43) (E) in dorsal views. Scale bars: A-C, 2 mm; D, 3 mm; E, 2.5 mm.

FIG. 11 in Revision of the cranial anatomy of Ophisaurus acuminatus Jörg, 1965 (Anguimorpha, Anguidae) from the late Miocene of Germany

FIG. 11. — Ophisaurus acuminatus Jörg, 1965, SMNK-PAL.8561: A-G, photographs (A-D) and virtual 3D models (E-H) of left lower jaw elements and teeth in lateral (A-F) and medial (G, H) views. Scale bars: A, B, 0.5 mm; D, E, H, 2 mm; C, F, G, 5 mm.

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FIG. 6 in The first report of Lesbosoxylon Süss & Velitzelos from the early-middle Miocene of eastern Anatolia

FIG. 6. — Wood features of Lesbosoxylon kemaliyensis Akkemik & Mantzouka, sp. nov.: A, radial section with axial resin canal (arrow); B-D, 1-3 seriate of tracheidal pitting, and crassulae formation common (white arrow); E, pinoid type cross-field pitting, 1-2 pits per cross-field on one row, and smooth end wall of ray cell; F, six pits on two rows in a cross-field (arrow); G, pit border on ray tracheids (arrow); H, one-two seriate of smooth-walled ray tracheids (arrow). Scale bars: A, 200 µm; B, 100 µm; C-G, 20 µm; H, 30 µm.

FIG. 15 in Early Miocene squamate assemblage from the Mokrá-Western Quarry (Czech Republic) and its palaeobiogeographical and palaeoenvironmental implications

FIG. 15. — Viperinae ('Oriental vipers' group) from the early Miocene (MN 4) of MWQ. Middle trunk vertebra Pal. 1994 (2/2003 Reptile Joint) in right lateral (A), dorsal (B), ventral (C), cranial (D) and caudal (E) views. Posterior trunk vertebra Pal. 1506 (1/2001 Turtle Joint) with an indication of bifurcation in the distal tip of the hypapophysis in left lateral (F), dorsal (G), ventral (H), cranial (I) and caudal (J) views. Abbreviations: cd, condyle; ct, cotyle; d, diapophysis; hy, hypapophysis; na, neural arch; nc, neural canal; pctf, paracotylar foramen; pof, postzygapophyseal articular facet; pp, parapophyseal process; pr, prezygapophysis; prf, prezygapophyseal articular facet; prp, prezygapophyseal process; scf, subcentral foramen; scr, subcentral ridge; sctt, subcotylar tubercle; zy, zygosphene; zyg, zygantrum. Scale bars: 5 mm.

FIG. 13 in Early Miocene squamate assemblage from the Mokrá-Western Quarry (Czech Republic) and its palaeobiogeographical and palaeoenvironmental implications

FIG. 13. — Vipera sp. ('European vipers' group) from the early Miocene (MN 4) of MWQ. Trunk vertebra Pal. 2022 (2/2003 Reptile Joint) in right lateral (A), dorsal (B), ventral (C) and cranial (D) views. Trunk vertebra Pal. 2023 (2/2003 Reptile Joint) in left lateral (E), dorsal (F), cranial (G) and caudal (H) views. Abbreviations: cd, condyle; ct, cotyle; hy, hypapophysis; nc, neural canal; ns, neural spine; pctf, paracotylar foramen; pof, postzygapophyseal articular facet; prf, prezygapophyseal articular facet; prp, prezygapophyseal process; scg, subcentral groove; scr, subcentral ridge; zy, zygosphene; zyg, zygantrum. Scale bars: 2 mm.

FIG. 10 in Early Miocene squamate assemblage from the Mokrá-Western Quarry (Czech Republic) and its palaeobiogeographical and palaeoenvironmental implications

FIG. 10. — "Colubrinae" indet., type 1 from the early Miocene (MN 4) of MWQ. Middle trunk vertebra Pal. 1464 (1/2001 Turtle Joint) in right lateral (A), dorsal (B), ventral (C), cranial (D) and caudal (E) views. Middle trunk vertebra Pal. 1465 (1/2001 Turtle Joint) in right lateral (F), dorsal (G), ventral (H), cranial (I) and caudal (J) views. Posterior trunk vertebra Pal. 1466 (1/2001 Turtle Joint) in left lateral (K) and ventral (L) views. Caudal vertebra Pal. 1966 (2/2003 Reptile Joint) in right lateral (M), dorsal (N), ventral (O) and cranial (P) views. Abbreviations: cd, condyle; ct, cotyle; d, diapophysis; es, epizypapophyseal spine; hae, haemapophysis; hk, haemal keel; lf, lateral foramen; na, neural arch; nc, neural canal; ns, neural spine; p, parapophysis; pctf, paracotylar foramen; pl, pleurapophysis; pof, postzygapophyseal articular facet; prf, prezygapophyseal articular facet; prp, prezygapophyseal process; scf, subcentral foramen; scg, subcentral groove; scr, subcentral ridge; zy, zygosphene; zyg, zygantrum. Scale bar: 2 mm.

FIG. 12 in Early Miocene squamate assemblage from the Mokrá-Western Quarry (Czech Republic) and its palaeobiogeographical and palaeoenvironmental implications

FIG. 12. — Natrix sp. and "Natricinae" indet. from the early Miocene (MN 4) of MWQ. Natrix sp.: trunk vertebra Pal. 1968 (2/2003 Reptile Joint) in left lateral (A), dorsal (B), ventral (C), cranial (D) and caudal (E) views. "Natricinae" indet.: trunk vertebra Pal. 1483 (1/2001 Turtle Joint) with preserved hypapophysis in left lateral (F), dorsal (G), ventral (H) and caudal (I) views. Abbreviations: ak, anterior keel; cd, condyle; ct, cotyle; es, epizypapophyseal spine; hy, hypapophysis; lf, lateral foramen;nc, neural canal; ns, neural spine; pctf, paracotylar foramen; po, postzygapophysis;pof, postzygapophyseal articular facet; prf, prezygapophyseal articular facet; prp, prezygapophyseal process; scf, subcentral foramen; scg, subcentral groove; scr, subcentral ridge; zy, zygosphene; zyg, zygantrum. Scale bars: 2 mm.

FIG. 9 in Early Miocene squamate assemblage from the Mokrá-Western Quarry (Czech Republic) and its palaeobiogeographical and palaeoenvironmental implications

FIG. 9. — Coluber (s.l.) sp., from the early Miocene (MN 4) of MWQ. Anterior trunk vertebra Pal. 1454 (1/2001 Turtle Joint) in right lateral (A), dorsal (B), ventral (C), cranial (D) and caudal (E) views. Middle trunk vertebra Pal. 1456 (1/2001 Turtle Joint) in left lateral (F), dorsal (G), ventral (H), cranial (I) and caudal (J) views. Anterior caudal vertebra Pal. 1462 (1/2001 Turtle Joint) in right lateral (K), dorsal (L), ventral (M), cranial (N) and caudal (O) views. Abbreviations: cd, condyle; ct, cotyle; d, diapophysis; hae, haemapophysis; hk, haemal keel; hy, hypapophysis; lf, lateral foramen; na, neural arch; nc, neural canal; ns, neural spine; p, parapophysis; pctf, paracotylar foramen; pl, pleurapophysis; pof, postzygapophyseal articular facet; prf, prezygapophyseal articular facet; prp, prezygapophyseal process; scf, subcentral foramen; scg, subcentral groove; scr, subcentral ridge; zy, zygosphene; zyg, zygantrum. Scale bars: 2 mm.

FIG. 8 in Early Miocene squamate assemblage from the Mokrá-Western Quarry (Czech Republic) and its palaeobiogeographical and palaeoenvironmental implications

FIG. 8. — Python sp. from the early Miocene (MN 4) of MWQ. Posterior trunk vertebra Pal. 1449 (1/2001 Turtle Joint) in right lateral (A), dorsal (B), ventral (C), cranial (D) and caudal (E) views. Abbreviations: cd, condyle; ct, cotyle; hk, haemal keel; na, neural arch; nc, neural canal; ns, neural spine; pd, paradiapophysis; po, postzygapophysis; pof, post zygapophyseal articular facet; pr, prezygapophysis; prf, prezygapophyseal articular facet; scf, subcentral foramen; scg, subcentral groove; scr, subcentral ridge; zy, zygosphene; zyf, zygosphenal facet; zyg, zygantrum. Scale bar: 5 mm.

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FIG. 5 in The first report of Lesbosoxylon Süss & Velitzelos from the early-middle Miocene of eastern Anatolia

FIG. 5. — Wood features of Lesbosoxylon kemaliyensis Akkemik & Mantzouka, sp. nov.: A, Biseriate ray (black arrow) and tracheids with resin material (white arrow); B, a tall fusiform ray (arrow); C, D, big rays with idioblast-like cells (asterisk); E, heterocelluler ray cells in a ray; F, G, H, I, axial parenchyma cells with smooth end walls (white arrows), and slightly nodular end walls (black arrow). Scale bars: A, B, E, 100 µm; C, D, F-I, 20 µm.

FIG. 7 in Early Miocene squamate assemblage from the Mokrá-Western Quarry (Czech Republic) and its palaeobiogeographical and palaeoenvironmental implications

FIG. 7. — Bavarioboa cf. hermi from the early Miocene (MN 4) of MWQ. Posterior trunk vertebra Pal. 1448 (1/2001 Turtle Joint) in left lateral (A), dorsal (B), ventral (C), cranial (D) and caudal (E) views. Abbreviations: ct, cotyle; hk, haemal keel; ir, interzygapophyseal ridge; na, neural arch; nc, neural canal; ns, neural spine; pd, paradiapophysis; pof, postzygapophyseal articular facet; prf, prezygapophyseal articular facet; prp, prezygapophyseal process; scf, subcentral foramen; scg, subcentral groove; scr, subcentral ridge; zy, zygosphene; zyg, zygantrum. Scale bar: 2 mm.

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FIG. 2 in The first report of Lesbosoxylon Süss & Velitzelos from the early-middle Miocene of eastern Anatolia

FIG. 2. — Geology and stratigraphic section of the site (early-middle Miocene Divriği formation, Erzincan province, east-central Turkey).

FIG. 6 in Early Miocene squamate assemblage from the Mokrá-Western Quarry (Czech Republic) and its palaeobiogeographical and palaeoenvironmental implications

FIG. 6. — Ophisaurus and Anguinae indet. from the early Miocene (MN 4) of MWQ. Trunk vertebra Pal. 1407 (1/2001 Turtle Joint) of Ophisaurus sp. in (A) lateral, (B) dorsal, (C) ventral, (D) anterior and (E) posterior aspects. Anguinae indet.: right coronoid Pal. 1408 (1/2001 Turtle Joint) in (F) lateral, (G) medial and (H) dorsal aspects. Osteoderms Pal. 1577-1579 (2/2003 Reptile Joint) in (I-K) external aspects. Abbreviations: alp, anterolateral process; amp, anteromedial process; cd, condyle; ct, cotyle; dp, dorsal process; mr, medial ridge; muc, muscular crest; nc, neural canal; ns, neural spine; nt, notch; os, overlap surface; pof, postzygapophyseal articular facet; pp, posterior process; prf, prezygapophyseal articular facet; rd, ridge; scs, scupltured surface; syn, synapophysis. Scale bars: 2 mm.

FIG. 11 in Early Miocene squamate assemblage from the Mokrá-Western Quarry (Czech Republic) and its palaeobiogeographical and palaeoenvironmental implications

FIG. 11. — Colubridae gen. et sp. indet. from the early Miocene (MN 4) of MWQ. Trunk vertebra Pal. 1484 (1/2001 Turtle Joint) in right lateral (A), dorsal (B) and cranial (C) views. Abbreviations: ct, cotyle; d, diapophysis; lf, lateral foramen; na, neural arch; nc, neural canal; ns, neural spine; pctf, paracotylar foramen; prf, prezygapophyseal articular facet; zy, zygosphene. Scale bar: 2 mm.