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Figures 16, 17 in Taxonomy and molecular phylogeny of the Phortica hani species complex (Diptera: Drosophilidae)

Figures 16, 17. Phortica hirtotibia Cao & Chen sp. nov., male. 16, epandrium, surstylus, and cercus; 17, hypandrium, gonopods, paramere, aedeagus, and aedeagal apodeme. For abbreviations see Figs 14 and 15. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.

Figures 1–6 in Taxonomy and molecular phylogeny of the Phortica hani species complex (Diptera: Drosophilidae)

Figures 1–6. Hindlegs of male. For details of the parts denoted by letters a–e see the descriptions of individual species.

Figures 13–15 in Taxonomy and molecular phylogeny of the Phortica hani species complex (Diptera: Drosophilidae)

Figures 13–15. Phortica floccipes Cao & Chen sp. nov., male. 13, arista; 14, epandrium (epand), surstylus (sur), cercus (cerc), and tenth sternite (st 10) (lateral view); 15, hypandrium (hypd), gonopods (gon), paramere (pm), aedeagus (aed), and aedeagal apodeme (aed a) (lateral view). Scale bars = 0.1 mm.

Figures 18, 19 in Taxonomy and molecular phylogeny of the Phortica hani species complex (Diptera: Drosophilidae)

Figures 18, 19. Phortica pinguiseta Cao & Chen sp. nov., male. 18, epandrium, surstylus, and cercus; 19, hypandrium, gonopods, paramere, aedeagus, and aedeagal apodeme. For abbreviations see Figs 14 and 15. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.

Figures 20, 21 in Taxonomy and molecular phylogeny of the Phortica hani species complex (Diptera: Drosophilidae)

Figures 20, 21. Phortica panda Cao & Chen sp. nov., male. 20, epandrium, surstylus, and cercus; 21, hypandrium, gonopods, paramere, aedeagus, and aedeagal apodeme. For abbreviations see Figs 14 and 15. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.

Fig. 6 in Morphology and Molecular Phylogeny of Pseudouroleptus jejuensis nov. spec., a New Soil Ciliate (Ciliophora, Spirotrichea) from South Korea

Fig. 6. Small subunit rRNA gene phylogeny of 31 oxytrichids based on 3 methods (NJ – Neighbor Joining; ML – Maximum Likelihood; BI – Bayesian Inference). Bootstrap values of the NJ and the ML are shown at each node with posterior probabilities of the BI; a dash denotes a value of below 0.50 (BI) or 50% (NJ and ML). Pseudouroleptus jejuensis is denoted in bold.

Figs 5A–D in Morphology and Molecular Phylogeny of Pseudouroleptus jejuensis nov. spec., a New Soil Ciliate (Ciliophora, Spirotrichea) from South Korea

Figs 5A–D. Pseudouroleptus jejuensis, late (A, B) and post-dividers (C, D) after protargol impregnation. Note that the parental dorsal bristles are shown by single dots although they are still composed of dikinetids. A, B – dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views of late divider showing caudal cirri (arrows) and posteriorly migrating postperistomial cirrus (arrowheads). Note that the caudal cirri are not developed from dorsal kinety anlage 3. C, D – dorsal (C) and ventral (D) views of post-dividers. The two post-dividers were fixed from a single dividing cell im- mediately after the complete cell division. Some of parental dorsal bristles and cirri are still observed, and postperistomial (arrowheads) and caudal cirri (arrows) migrate forward to their final position. 3–5 – dorsal kineties 3–5. Scale bars: 150 μm.

Figs 4A–D in Morphology and Molecular Phylogeny of Pseudouroleptus jejuensis nov. spec., a New Soil Ciliate (Ciliophora, Spirotrichea) from South Korea

Figs 4A–D. Pseudouroleptus jejuensis, middle (A, B) and late divider (C, D) after protargol impregnation. Note that the parental dorsal bristles are shown by single dots although still composed of dikinetids. The parental dorsal dikinetids become smaller and are less impregnated than newly developed one. A, B – dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views of middle divider showing dorsal kineties and cirral anlagen. C, D – dorsal (C) and ventral (D) views of late divider showing dorsal kinety 3 fragmentation (double arrowheads). Note that caudal cirri are developed at posterior end of kineties 1, 2 only (arrows). Postperistomial cirrus (arrowheads) is originated from the anlage IV and split from anterior part of the anlage. IV–VI – cirral anlagen IV–VI. Scale bars: 150 μm.

Figs 1A–F in Morphology and Molecular Phylogeny of Pseudouroleptus jejuensis nov. spec., a New Soil Ciliate (Ciliophora, Spirotrichea) from South Korea

Figs 1A–F. Pseudouroleptus jejuensis from life (A–D) and after protargol impregnation (E, F). A – ventral view of a representative specimen, arrow indicates contractile vacuole; B, C – arrangement of cortical granules on dorsal side (B) and optical section (C); D – ventral view of a specimen gliding for feed, showing a slightly curved body shape; E, F – dorsal (E) and ventral views (F) of the holotype specimen. Arrow in F denotes postperistomial ventral cirrus. AZM – adoral zone of membranelles, BC – buccal cirrus, CC – caudal cirri, 1–5 – dorsal kineties 1–5, EM – endoral membrane, G – cortical granules, LFVR – left frontoventral row, LMR – left marginal row, PM – paroral membrane, RFVR – right frontoventral row, RMR – right marginal row. Scale bars: 100 μm.

Figs 3A–J in Morphology and Molecular Phylogeny of Pseudouroleptus jejuensis nov. spec., a New Soil Ciliate (Ciliophora, Spirotrichea) from South Korea

Figs 3A–J. Pseudouroleptus jejuensis during interphase (A–D, G–I) and ontogenesis (E, F, J) after protargol impregnation. A–C – dorsal view (A) and ventral views (B, C), arrow indicates postperistomial cirrus; D – dorsal view showing basal bodies (asterisks) in dorsal kinety 4; E, F – dorsal views of late dividers, asterisks denote dorsal kinety 4 developed by multiple fragmentation of dorsal kinety anlage (DKA) 3; G, H, J – dorsal views showing caudal cirri developed from DKA 1, 2 while DKA 3 does not participate in the formation of these caudal cirri during ontogenesis; I – ventral view showing macronuclear nodules and micronuclei. CC – caudal cirri, MA – macronuclear nodules, MI – micronuclei. Scale bars: 100 μm.

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Data from: Molecular Dating of Phylogeny of Sturgeons (Acipenseridae) Based on Total Evidence Analysis

<p>Bayesian chronograms (original and updated 08.10.2022) of cladogenesis of fossil and recent Acipenseriformes reconstructed on the basis of combined (mtDNA, morphological characters) data.</p>

Figure 2 in A comprehensive molecular phylogeny of Geometridae (Lepidoptera) with a focus on enigmatic small subfamilies

Figure 2 Evolutionary relationships of the subfamily Sterrhinae. Numbers above branches are SH-aLRT support (%)/ultrafast bootstrap support, UFBoot2(%), for nodes to the right of the numbers. Values of SH ≥ 80 and UFBoot2 ≥ 95 indicate well-supported clades (Trifinopoulos & Minh, 2018). * FormaltaxonomictreatmentwillbedealtwithinP. Sihvonenetal., 2019, unpublisheddata. Full-size DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7386/fig-2

Figure 1 in A comprehensive molecular phylogeny of Geometridae (Lepidoptera) with a focus on enigmatic small subfamilies

Figure 1 Evolutionary relationships of major groups of the family Geometridae. Numbers above branches are SH-aLRT support (%)/ultrafast bootstrap support, UFBoot2(%), for nodes to the right of the numbers. Values of SH ≥ 80 and UFBoot2 ≥ 95 indicate well-supported clades (Trifinopoulos & Minh, 2018). *FormaltaxonomictreatmentwillbedealtwithinP. Sihvonenetal., 2019, unpublisheddata. § Epidesmiinae subfam. nov. See Oenochrominae section for more details. Full-size DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7386/fig-1

Figure 5 in A comprehensive molecular phylogeny of Geometridae (Lepidoptera) with a focus on enigmatic small subfamilies

Figure 5 Evolutionary relationships of the subfamily Geometrinae. Numbers above branches are SH-aLRT support (%)/ultrafast bootstrap support, UFBoot2(%), for nodes to the right of the numbers. Values of SH ≥ 80 and UFBoot2 ≥ 95 indicate well-supported clades (Trifinopoulos & Minh, 2018). Taxonomicchangesareindicatedbyasymobolizedarrow>. § Newsubfamily. Full-size DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7386/fig-5

Figure 3 in A comprehensive molecular phylogeny of Geometridae (Lepidoptera) with a focus on enigmatic small subfamilies

Figure 3 Evolutionary relationships of the subfamily Larentiinae. Numbers above branches are SH-aLRT support (%)/ultrafast bootstrap support, UFBoot2(%), for nodes to the right of the numbers. Values of SH ≥ 80 and UFBoot2 ≥ 95 indicate well-supported clades (Trifinopoulos & Minh, 2018). * FormaltaxonomictreatmentwillbedealtwithinP. Sihvonenetal., 2019, unpublisheddata. Full-size DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7386/fig-3

Figure 4 in A comprehensive molecular phylogeny of Geometridae (Lepidoptera) with a focus on enigmatic small subfamilies

Figure 4 Phylogenetic relationships of the subfamilies Archierinae, Desmobathrinae, Epidesmiinae subfam. nov., Oenochrominae. Numbers above branches are SH-aLRT support (%)/ultrafast bootstrap support, UFBoot2(%), for nodes to the right of the numbers. Values of SH ≥ 80 and UFBoot2 ≥ 95 indicatewell-supportedclades (Trifinopoulos & Minh, 2018). Taxonomicchangesareindicatedbyasymobolizedarrow>. * Formal taxonomic treatment will be dealt with in P. Sihvonen et al., 2019, unpublished data. Full-size DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7386/fig-4

FIG. 3. — A in Contributions to the taxonomic status and molecular phylogeny of Asian Bronzeback Snakes (Colubridae, Ahaetuliinae, Dendrelaphis Boulenger, 1890), from Mizoram State, Northeast India

FIG. 3. — A, BI phylogenetic tree estimated by mitochondrial 16S rRNA and; B, partial COI sequences depicting the phylogenetic relationships of Dendrelaphis Boulenger, 1890 species with BPP/UFB support at the branch nodes. Sequences generated in this study are shown in bold.

FIG. 2. — A in Contributions to the taxonomic status and molecular phylogeny of Asian Bronzeback Snakes (Colubridae, Ahaetuliinae, Dendrelaphis Boulenger, 1890), from Mizoram State, Northeast India

FIG. 2. — A, Dendrelaphis biloreatus Wall, 1908 in life, showing anterior body and head from Kolasib, Mizoram, NE India. Inset: Dorso-lateral view of the head showing two loreal scales; B, juvenile Dendrelaphis biloreatus (MZMU1812) in life from MZU Campus, Mizoram, NE India, photographed by Tbc. Lalhruaitluangi. Inset: Antero-lateral view of the head showing single loreal scale, photographed by Romalsawma.

FIG. 6 in Contributions to the taxonomic status and molecular phylogeny of Asian Bronzeback Snakes (Colubridae, Ahaetuliinae, Dendrelaphis Boulenger, 1890), from Mizoram State, Northeast India

FIG. 6. — Two specimens of Dendrelaphis proarchos Wall, 1909 found sheltered inside a green bamboo: A, from Kepran,photographed by Tbc. Mapuia; B, from Tlangnuam, photographed by C. Mawitea.

FIG. 7. — A in Contributions to the taxonomic status and molecular phylogeny of Asian Bronzeback Snakes (Colubridae, Ahaetuliinae, Dendrelaphis Boulenger, 1890), from Mizoram State, Northeast India

FIG. 7. — A, Dendrelaphis cyanochloris (Wall, 1921) preying on adult Calotes emma Gray, 1845, photographed by R. Lalnunmawia; B, Dendrelaphis proarchos Wall, 1909 preying on adult Duttaphrynus melanostictus (Schneider,1799), photographed by Hawla Hmar Zote.