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113 results for “Myotis bats”
Data from: Population genetic structure within and among seasonal site types in the little brown bat (Myotis lucifugus) and the northern long-eared bat (M. septentrionalis)
During late summer and early autumn, temperate bats migrate from their summering sites to swarming sites, where mating likely occurs. However, the extent to which individuals of a single summering site migrate to the same swarming site, and vice versa, is not known. We examined the migratory connectivity between summering and swarming sites in two temperate, North American, bat species, the little brown bat (Myotis lucifugus) and the northern long-eared bat (Myotis septentrionalis). Using mitochondrial and microsatellite DNA markers, we examined population structuring within and among summering and swarming sites. Both species exhibited moderate degrees of mitochondrial DNA differentiation (little brown bat: FST(SWARMING) = 0.093, FST(SWARMING) = 0.052; northern long-eared bat: FST(SWARMING) = 0.117, FST(SWARMING) = 0.043) and little microsatellite DNA differentiation among summering and among swarming sites. Haplotype diversity was significantly higher at swarming sites than summering sites, supporting the idea that swarming sites are comprised of individuals from various summering sites. Further, pairwise analyses suggest that swarming sites are not necessarily comprised of only individuals from the most proximal summering colonies.
Data from: Eating local: influences of habitat on the diet of little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus)
We employ molecular methods to profile the diet of the little brown bat, Myotis lucifugus, and describe spatial and temporal changes in diet over their maternity season. We identified 61 prey species of insects and 5 species of arachnid. The largest proportion of prey (∼32%) were identified as species of the mass-emerging Ephemeroptera (mayfly) genus Caenis. Bats roosting in agricultural settings had lower dietary richness than those occupying a roost located on a forest fragment in a conservation area. We detected temporal fluctuations in diet over the maternity season. Dipteran (fly) species dominated the diet early in the season, replaced later by species of mayfly. Because our methodology provides species-level identification of prey, we were able to isolate environmental indicator species in the diet and draw conclusions about the location and type of their foraging habitat and the health of these aquatic systems. The species detected suggested that the bats use variable habitats; members of one agricultural roost foraged on insects originating in rivers or streams while those in another agricultural roost and the forest roost fed on insects from pond or lake environments. All source water for prey was of fair to good quality, though no species detected are intolerant of pollution thus the habitat cannot be classified as pristine. Our study outlines a model system to investigate the abiotic and biotic interactions between habitat factors through this simple food chain to the top predator.
Data from: Combinations of reproductive, individual, and weather effects best explain torpor patterns among female little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus)
Heterothermic mammals can use torpor, a state of metabolic suppression, to conserve energy during times of limited food and poor environmental conditions. Females may use torpor throughout gestation and lactation; however, there are associated physiological and ecological costs with potential fitness consequences. Previous studies have controlled for, but not quantified the impact of interindividual variation on torpor patterns and understanding this may provide insight on why certain thermoregulatory responses are employed. The objective of this study was to identify and quantitatively characterize the intrinsic variables and weather conditions that best explain variation in torpor patterns among individual female little brown bats, Myotis lucifugus. We used temperature‐sensitive radio‐transmitters affixed to females to measure skin temperature patterns of 35 individuals roosting in bat boxes in the spring and summer. We used Bayesian multi‐model inference to rank a priori‐selected models and variables based on their explanatory power. Reproductive condition and interindividual effects best explained torpor duration and depth, and weather best explained torpor frequency. Of the reproductive conditions, lactating females used torpor for the shortest durations and at shallower depths (i.e., smallest drop in minimum Tsk), while females in early spring (i.e., not‐obviously‐pregnant) used torpor for the longest and deepest. Among individuals, the greatest difference in effects on duration occurred between pregnant individuals, suggesting interindividual variation within reproductive condition. Increases in precipitation and wind were associated with a higher probability of torpor use. Our results provide further support that multiple variables explain torpor patterns and highlight the importance of including individual effects when studying thermoregulatory patterns in heterothermic species.
Figure 9 in A new bat species of the genus Myotis with comments on the phylogenetic placement of M. keaysi and M. pilosatibialis
Figure 9. Dorsal and ventral views of the skins of the holotype of M. armiensis sp. n. (MSB 262089), M. pilosatibialis str.(TCWC 24101, paratype), and M. keaysistr. (MSB 70381). Scale bar = 10 mm.
Figure 8 in A new bat species of the genus Myotis with comments on the phylogenetic placement of M. keaysi and M. pilosatibialis
Figure 8. Dorsal (A) and ventral view (B) of the cranium,dorsal view of the mandible (C), and lateral view of the cranium (D) and mandible of the holotype of M. armiensis sp. n. (MSB 262089). Scale bar = 5 mm. Photograph taken by John Korbin (Sandia National Laboratory-New Mexico, USA).
Figure 7 in A new bat species of the genus Myotis with comments on the phylogenetic placement of M. keaysi and M. pilosatibialis
Figure 7. Adult female of Myotis armiensis sp. n. (QCAZ 17245) captured at Cabañas del Aliso, Cosanga, Napo Province, Ecuador. Photographed by Carlos Carrión Bonilla.
Figure 10 in A new bat species of the genus Myotis with comments on the phylogenetic placement of M. keaysi and M. pilosatibialis
Figure 10. Map of part of Central and South America showing localities examined for M. armiensis, with triangle (type locality) and distribution in Costa Rica, Panamá, and Ecuador with circles. See Appendix I for localities of examined in Panamá and Ecuador.
On following pages: 368. Himalayan Broad-muzzled Bat (Submyotodon caliginosus); 369. Moupin Broad-muzzled Bat (Submyotodon moupinensis); 370. Northern Myotis (Myotis septentrionalis); 371. South-western Myotis (Myotis auriculus); 372. Western Small-footed Myotis (Myotis ciliolabrum); 373. Dark-nosed Small-footed Myotis (Myotis melanorhinus); 374. Eastern Small-footed Myotis (Myotis leibil); 375. California Myotis (Myotis californicus); 376. Little Brown Myotis (Myotis lucifugus); 377. Keen's Myotis (Myotis keenii); 378. Long-eared Myotis (Myotis evotis); 379. Fringed Myotis (Myotis thysanodes); 380. Arizona Myotis (Myotis occultus); 381. Longlegged Myotis (Myotis volans); 382. Flat-headed Myotis (Myotis planiceps); 383. Indiana Myotis (Myotis sodalis); 384. Cinnamon Myotis (Myotis fortidens); 385. Findley's Myotis (Myotis findley)); 386. Northern Hairy-legged Myotis (Myotis pilosatibialis); 387. Southern Hairy-legged Myotis (Myotis keaysi); 388. Red Myotis (Myotis ruber); 389. Riparian Myotis (Myotis riparius); 390. Velvety Myotis (Myotis simus); 391. Golden Myotis (Myotis midastactus); 392. Elegant Myotis (Myotis elegans); 393. Fish-eating Myotis (Myotis vives). in Vespertilionidae
On following pages: 368. Himalayan Broad-muzzled Bat (Submyotodon caliginosus); 369. Moupin Broad-muzzled Bat (Submyotodon moupinensis); 370. Northern Myotis (Myotis septentrionalis); 371. South-western Myotis (Myotis auriculus); 372. Western Small-footed Myotis (Myotis ciliolabrum); 373. Dark-nosed Small-footed Myotis (Myotis melanorhinus); 374. Eastern Small-footed Myotis (Myotis leibil); 375. California Myotis (Myotis californicus); 376. Little Brown Myotis (Myotis lucifugus); 377. Keen's Myotis (Myotis keenii); 378. Long-eared Myotis (Myotis evotis); 379. Fringed Myotis (Myotis thysanodes); 380. Arizona Myotis (Myotis occultus); 381. Longlegged Myotis (Myotis volans); 382. Flat-headed Myotis (Myotis planiceps); 383. Indiana Myotis (Myotis sodalis); 384. Cinnamon Myotis (Myotis fortidens); 385. Findley's Myotis (Myotis findley)); 386. Northern Hairy-legged Myotis (Myotis pilosatibialis); 387. Southern Hairy-legged Myotis (Myotis keaysi); 388. Red Myotis (Myotis ruber); 389. Riparian Myotis (Myotis riparius); 390. Velvety Myotis (Myotis simus); 391. Golden Myotis (Myotis midastactus); 392. Elegant Myotis (Myotis elegans); 393. Fish-eating Myotis (Myotis vives).
Fig. 1. A in Postnatal Growth and Vocalization Development in the Long-fingered Bat, Myotis capaccinii (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae)
Fig. 1. A comparison between echolocation calls of an adult and newborn long-fingered bat, Myotis capaccinii. (a) Sonogram, showing calls composed of a frequency modulation (FM) component with a variable range of frequencies. (b) Power spectrogram, showing the dominant frequency of the call.
Fig. 4 in Postnatal Growth and Vocalization Development in the Long-fingered Bat, Myotis capaccinii (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae)
Fig. 4. Positive associations between changes in the peak frequency and handwing area, armwing area and aspect ratio. Negative associations are illustrated between changes in the peak frequency and wing loading.
Fig. 3 in Postnatal Growth and Vocalization Development in the Long-fingered Bat, Myotis capaccinii (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae)
Fig. 3. Positive associations between changes of the peak frequency of calls emitted by Myotis capaccinii infants with (a) forearm length, (b) body mass, (c) wing area and (d) wingspan from day 1-28.
Fig. 2 in Postnatal Growth and Vocalization Development in the Long-fingered Bat, Myotis capaccinii (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae)
Fig. 2. Changes in the calls emitted by Myotis capaccinii infants during postnatal growth from day 1-16.
Fig. 5 in Postnatal Growth and Vocalization Development in the Long-fingered Bat, Myotis capaccinii (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae)
Fig. 5. Recording calls by a mother-infant pair when the infant bat is separating from its mother and modes before and after separation from its mother. One to two harmonic calls with high-frequency in the before and after separation step belong to the mother and multiharmonic calls with low-frequency belong to the pup.
Figure 2 in Diurnal activity of a trawling insectivorous bat species, Myotis horsfieldii, in Gunung Mulu National Park, Malaysian Borneo
Figure 2. Feeding buzz of Myotis horsfieldii, observed at Site 13 in the Gunung Mulu National Park, recorded between 11.00 and 11.30am on 17 July 2020.
Figure 3 in Diurnal activity of a trawling insectivorous bat species, Myotis horsfieldii, in Gunung Mulu National Park, Malaysian Borneo
Figure 3. The microhabitats where the diurnal bats were observed in Gunung Mulu National Park: (A) – river with high canopy cover in the forest interior (Site 1), (B) – pool with high canopy shade (Site 6), (C) – river with low canopy cover at the forest edge (Site 9), (D) – river with low canopy shade in fragmented forest (Site 12).
Figure 1 in Diurnal activity of a trawling insectivorous bat species, Myotis horsfieldii, in Gunung Mulu National Park, Malaysian Borneo
Figure 1. Records of daylight activity of Horsfield's bat (Myotis horsfieldii) in Gunung Mulu National Park, in Malaysian Borneo. The circles denote visual records, the triangles denote acoustic records, and the squares denote records by both visual and acoustic inspection.
Data from: What you need is what you eat? Prey selection by the bat Myotis daubentonii
Optimal foraging theory predicts that predators are selective when faced with abundant prey, but become less picky when prey gets sparse. Insectivorous bats in temperate regions are faced with the challenge of building up fat reserves vital for hibernation during a period of decreasing arthropod abundances. According to optimal foraging theory, prehibernating bats should adopt a less selective feeding behaviour – yet empirical studies have revealed many apparently generalized species to be composed of specialist individuals. Targeting the diet of the bat Myotis daubentonii, we used a combination of molecular techniques to test for seasonal changes in prey selectivity and individual-level variation in prey preferences. DNA metabarcoding was used to characterize both the prey contents of bat droppings and the insect community available as prey. To test for dietary differences among M. daubentonii individuals, we used ten microsatellite loci to assign droppings to individual bats. The comparison between consumed and available prey revealed a preference for certain prey items regardless of availability. Nonbiting midges (Chironomidae) remained the most highly consumed prey at all times, despite a significant increase in the availability of black flies (Simuliidae) towards the end of the season. The bats sampled showed no evidence of individual specialization in dietary preferences. Overall, our approach offers little support for optimal foraging theory. Thus, it shows how novel combinations of genetic markers can be used to test general theory, targeting patterns at both the level of prey communities and individual predators.
FIGURE 1 in Molecular phylogeny and morphological revision of Myotis bats (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from Taiwan and adjacent China
FIGURE 1. Geographic location of sampling localities in Taiwan. Areas above 1000 m are shaded. Numerals refer to sampling sites mentioned in Table 1.
FIGURE 5 in Molecular phylogeny and morphological revision of Myotis bats (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from Taiwan and adjacent China
FIGURE 5. Skulls of (a) Myotis laniger from Fujian, China (ZMB 4146, lectotype; hind parts missing), and (b) M. laniger from Taiwan (THUMB 103). Scale= 5 mm.
FIGURE 6 in Molecular phylogeny and morphological revision of Myotis bats (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from Taiwan and adjacent China
FIGURE 6. Skulls of (a) M. secundus sp. n. from Taiwan (THUMB 92, paratype), (b) Myotis sowerbyi from Fujian, China (USNM 238869, holotype), (c) M. pruinosus from Japan (NSMT 14842, holotype), and (d) M. yanbarensis from Japan (NSMT 31306, holotype). Scale= 5 mm.
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