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552 results for “Neogene”
FIG. 6 in Neogene and Quaternary fossil remains of beaked whales (Cetacea, Odontoceti, Ziphiidae) from deep-sea deposits off Crozet and Kerguelen islands, Southern Ocean
FIG. 6. — Partial cranium of Africanacetus ceratopsis Bianucci, Lambert & Post, 2007 (MNHN.F.COI2): A, dorsal view; B, anterior view; C, right lateral view. Scale bar: 100 mm.
FIG. 10 in Neogene and Quaternary fossil remains of beaked whales (Cetacea, Odontoceti, Ziphiidae) from deep-sea deposits off Crozet and Kerguelen islands, Southern Ocean
FIG. 10. — Partial cranium of Izikoziphius rossi (MNHN.F.COI8): A, dorsal view; B, same view with interpretive line drawing; C, detail of the vertex in dorsal view; D, anterodorsal view; E, right lateral view; F, ventral view. Scale bars: A, B, D-F, 100 mm; C, 50 mm.
FIG. 13 in Neogene and Quaternary fossil remains of beaked whales (Cetacea, Odontoceti, Ziphiidae) from deep-sea deposits off Crozet and Kerguelen islands, Southern Ocean
FIG. 13. — Partial cranium of Nenga sp. aff. Nenga meganasalis (MNHN.F.COI11): A, dorsal view; B, same view with interpretive line drawing; C, anterodorsal view; D, detail of the vertex in dorsal view; E, right lateral view. Scale bar: 100 mm.
Terrestrial paleoclimate reconstruction of the UK Neogene (?Langhian to Piacenzian) comparing CREST, CRACLE and the Co-existence Approach
<p><strong>Abstract </strong></p> <p>The first detailed reconstruction of the terrestrial paleoclimate development of the UK Neogene (?Langhian to Piacenzian) is presented. The paleoclimate data are derived from the paleobotanical record using two probability-based reconstruction techniques CREST (Climate REconstruction SofTware) (Chevalier et al. 2014) and CRACLE (Climate Reconstruction Analysis using Coexistence Likelihood Estimation) (Harbert & Nixon 2015) that use Bayesian and likelihood estimation probability respectively. The results of these reconstructions are presented alongside reconstructions using the widely-applied Co-existence Approach (CA) (Utescher et al. 2014) for comparison. While all three techniques use the climate requirements of their Nearest Living Relatives as the basis of their reconstruction, they use different database observations. CREST and CRACLE use the GBIF (Global Biodiverstiy Information Facility) (GBIF, 2021) as well as WorldClim inputs for the 19 bioclimate variables used by BIOCLIM (<a href="http://www.worldclim.org/bioclim">http://www.worldclim.org/bioclim</a>). Meanwhile, the CA uses the Palaeoflora database, meaning the input for the three models is different. The reconstructions for the UK Neogene palaeoclimate come from 4 localities (12 samples total) spanning the Middle Miocene (Langhian) to Pliocene (Piacenzian): Trwyn y Parc, Anglesey (Middle Miocene), Brassington Formation, Derbyshire (Serravallian-Tortonian), Coralline Crag Formation (latest Zanclean-earliest Piacenzian) and Red Crag Formation (Piacenzian-Gelasian) of southeast England. We present CREST and CRACLE reconstructions of Mean Annual Temperature (MAT), Mean Temperature of Warmest Quarter (MTWQ), Mean Temperature of Coldest Quarter (MTCQ), Mean Annual Precipitation (MAP) and precipitation seasonality (CoV ×100). The CA does not reconstruct MTWQ, MTCQ or precipitation seasonality. Instead, the CA reconstructs Warmest Month Mean Temperature (WMMT) and Coldest Month Mean Temperature (CMMT). The proportion of rainfall falling in the wettest months of the year (RMPwet(%)) was used as a proxy for precipitation seasonality following the methodology of Jacques et al. (2011) and Utescher et al. (2015). The CREST R-code output provides 0.5 and 0.95 (2-σ) uncertainties as well as an optimum and mean for each variable. The CRACLE R-code output provides both parametric and non-parametric joint likelihoods (P-CRACLE and N-CRACLE) with 0.95 (2-σ) uncertainties and a mean that is based on P-CRACLE. The CA generates a minimum and maximum likelihood which together comprise the coexistence interval. The Neogene climate reconstruction of the UK shows a cooling trend from the Langhian to the Pliocene-Pleistocene boundary. CREST and CRACLE produce trends and values consistent with Co-existence Approach data with 0.95 uncertainties overlapping with the CA coexistence interval.</p> <p><strong>File Descriptions </strong></p> <p>Table S1 displays the complete reconstruction for the UK Neogene using CREST, CRACLE and the Co-existence Approach.<br> Table S2 displays detailed site information including: modern and paleo latitude and longitude, dating technique, modern climatology and fossil assemblage diversity (number of fossil taxa versus number of NLRs used for climate reconstruction). Modern climatology has been included to serve as a comparison to the reconstructed Neogene climate. This data has been extracted from WorldClim 2.1 (Fick & Hijmans, 2017).<br> Data Set S1 contains the list of fossil spore and pollen taxa per site and associated Nearest Living Relatives (NLRs), where identifiable, used as the input for CREST, CRACLE and the Co-existence Approach. Relic taxa are included and highlighted in red.<br> Data Set S2 is included to show the effect relic taxa have on paleoclimate reconstructions. The relic taxa are removed following the protocol of Utescher et al. (2014) whereby known relic taxa are removed from analyses to avoid biased reconstructions. Relic taxa removed from analyses include <em>Cathaya</em>, <em>Cryptomeria</em>, <em>Pinus sylvestris</em> and <em>Sciadopitys </em>when present.<br> Data Set S3 is included to show the effects of removing family-level identifications in CRACLE reconstructions. Removing families is shown to generate a less informative reconstruction. Including both genera- and family-level classifications of NLR (Nearest Living Relative) is recommended, however we suggest identifying NLRs (Nearest Living Relatives) to genera-level wherever possible.</p>
Fig. 1 in Late Neogene And Pleistocene Porgy Fishes (Teleostei, Sparidae) Of The Eastern Paratethys, With Comments On Their Palaeoecology
Fig. 1. Localities with fossil remains of sparid fishes from Ukraine and their stratigraphic sequence.
Fig. 3 in New Extinct Carp Fish Species (Teleostei, Cyprinidae) From The Late Neogene Of Southeastern Europe
Fig. 3. Scardinius ponticus sp. n.: 1 — isolated pharyngeal tooth, holotype (NMNH–P 41/2358, Odesa Pontian Lectostratotype); 2 — paratype (NMNH–P 41/2359). Scardinius erythrophthalmus, recent (used for comparison). Рис. 3. Scardinius ponticus sp. n.: 1 — изолированный глоточный зуб, голотип (NMNH–P 41/2358, лектостратотип понта); 2 — паратип (NMNH–P 41/2359). Scardinius erythrophthalmus, современный (использован для сравнения).
Fig. 2 in New Extinct Carp Fish Species (Teleostei, Cyprinidae) From The Late Neogene Of Southeastern Europe
Fig. 2. Pharyngeal bones: 1 — Rutilus robustus sp. n., holotype (Prz 10–1/12, Priozernoe); 2 — Rutilus robustus sp. n., fragment of ceratobranchiale (NMNH–P 41/2342, Odesa Pontian Lectostratotype); 3 — Rutilus frisii, subfossil (NMNH–P 53/4108, Vinohradnyi Sad); 4 — Rutilus frisii, recent. CS — cavernous surface; DS — dentiferous surface.
Fig. 4 in New Species Of Praepusa (Carnivora, Phocidae, Phocinae) From The Netherlands Supports East To West Neogene Dispersal Of True Seals
Fig. 4. Geographical and palaeogeographical locations of the studied area with arrows indicating dispersals of different species of the genus Praepusa from the Eastern Paratethys westward: 1 — Praepusa vindobonensis: Western Kazakhstan and Austria, Middle Miocene, early Sarmatian (16.5–11.2 Ma); 2 — Pr. vindobonensis (= tarchankutica): Ukraine and Moldova, Middle Miocene, middle Sarmatian (13.6–12.3 Ma); 3 — Pr. pannonica: Moldova and Hungary, Middle Miocene, early-middle Sarmatian (12.3–11.2 Ma). 4 — Pr. magyaricus: Vienna Basin, middle Sarmatian, Middle Miocene (13.6–12.3 Ma); 5 — Pr. boeska: The Netherlands and Belgium, Late Miocene — Early Pliocene (11.6–3.2 Ma).
Fig. 1 in New Species Of Praepusa (Carnivora, Phocidae, Phocinae) From The Netherlands Supports East To West Neogene Dispersal Of True Seals
Fig. 1. Sandpit de Kuilen, location of Mill-Langenboom, in the eastern Noord-Brabant, The Netherlands(Late Miocene).
Fig. 3 in New Species Of Praepusa (Carnivora, Phocidae, Phocinae) From The Netherlands Supports East To West Neogene Dispersal Of True Seals
Fig. 3. Sacrum of Praepusa boeska sp. n., RGM 629552, collection of the Naturalis Biodiversity Center in Leiden (NL). Zanclian–Piacenzian (Pliocene), Antwerp Basin, Belgium: A — ventral view; B — dorsal view; C — cranial view.
Data from: A coherent biogeographic framework for Old World Neogene and Pleistocene mammals
<p>In order to understand mammalian evolution and compute a wide range of biodiversity indices, we commonly use spatial division adapted to ecological and evolutionary constraints called bioregion. While commonly conducted by neontologists, the establishment of bioregions in palaeontology is generally a secondary analysis, shaped on subjective time scales and areas specific to the investigated questions and groups. This heterogeneity, coupled with the scale-dependency of biodiversity indices, prevents the clear identification of macroecological and macroevolutionary trends for large taxonomic groups like extinct mammals. Here we tackle this issue by providing a coherent framework for Neogene and Pleistocene mammals of the Old World following two steps: (A) a temporal scale adapted to mammalian evolutionary history (i.e. evolutionary fauna) is defined by poly-cohort analysis, and (B) bioregions are then computed for each evolutionary fauna by clustering, ordination and intermediate approaches at multiples spatial scales (i.e. continental to regional) for Eurasia and Africa. Additionally, providing a coherent framework for a wide range of mammalian datasets, our results show: (1) the synchronous emergence and fall of five mammalian evolutionary faunas identified at chronological scales varying from the epoch to the geological stage; (2) a transition from a longitudinal to a latitudinal biogeographical structuring between the Miocene and Pliocene, especially in Europe; (3) the long-term affinity of southern Asian with African faunas, in sharp contrast with the modern Palearctic bioregion extension; and (4) the establishment of a vast Mediterranean bioregion from fragmented areas in late Miocene to its full extent in the Pleistocene.</p>
Plate 1 in Late Neogene And Pleistocene Porgy Fishes (Teleostei, Sparidae) Of The Eastern Paratethys, With Comments On Their Palaeoecology
Plate 1. Molariform teeth and their fragments assigned to Pagrus sp. (figs 1–6), Pagrus cinctus (figs 7–11) and Sparidae gen. et sp. indet. (figs 12–13): 1 — unnumbered, Shirokino 2; 2 — unnumbered, Shirokino 2; 3 — unnumbered, Shirokino 2; 4 — unnumbered, Shirokino 2; 5 — NMNHU-P 53/5117, Novopetrovka; 6 — NMN- HU-P 53/5118, Novopetrovka; 7 — NMNHU-P 29/229, Bezymiannoe; 8 — unnumbered, apical view, Mariupol'; 9 — NMNHU-P 53/5119, Trudomirovka; 10 — unnumbered, apical view, Mariupol'; 11 — unnumbered, apical view, Mariupol'; 12 — unnumbered, apical view, Mariupol'; 13 — NMNHU-P 29/228, Bezymiannoe. Apical view in a, basal in b, lateral in c.
Data from: Diversity dynamics of microfossils from the Cretaceous to the Neogene show mixed responses to events
<p>Microfossils have a ubiquitous and well-studied fossil record with temporally and spatially fluctuating diversity, but how this arises and how major events affect speciation and extinction is uncertain. We present the first application of PyRate to a micropaleontological global occurrence data set, reconstructing diversification rates within a Bayesian framework from the Mesozoic to the Recent in four microfossil groups: planktic foraminiferans, calcareous nannofossils, radiolarians and diatoms. Calcareous and siliceous groups demonstrate opposed, but inconsistent, responses in diversification. Siliceous groups increased origination from ~104 Ma, maintaining high rates into the Cenozoic. Calcareous microfossils diversification rates significantly decline across the Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary, while rates in siliceous microfossil groups remain stable until the Paleocene–Eocene transition. Diversification rates in the Cenozoic are largely stable in calcareous groups, whereas the Paleogene is a turbulent time for diatoms. Diversification fluctuations are driven by climate change and fluctuations in sea surface temperatures, promoting selectivity in both microfossil composition and foraminiferal size. Extinctions appear induced by changes in anoxia, acidification, and stratification, while speciation tends to be associated with upwelling, productivity, and ocean circulation. These results show promise for further quantitative analyses in micropaleontological diversity studies and effects of major transitions in the fossil record. Despite extensive occurrence data, regional diversification events were not recovered, neither were some global events. These unexpected results show the need to consider multiple spatiotemporal levels of diversity and diversification analyses, and implies occurrence data sets of different clades may be more appropriate to testing some hypotheses than others.</p>
Fig. 3 in Regional Fish-Based Biostratigraphy Of The Late Neogene And Pleistocene Of Southeastern Europe
Fig. 3. Extinction rate (ER), origination rate (OR) and taxonomic rotation (TR) in the ichthyofaunal assemblages of southeastern Europe and their trends on a logarithmic scale. Ichthyofaunal assemblages: 1 — Mykhailivkian; 2 — Popovian; 3 — Frunzivkian; 4 — Cherevychnian; 5 — Pontian; 6 — Kuchurganian; 7 — Obukhivkian; 8 — Shirokinian; 9 — Nogaiskian; 10 — Semibalkian.
Fig. 2 in Regional Fish-Based Biostratigraphy Of The Late Neogene And Pleistocene Of Southeastern Europe
Fig. 2. Dynamics of evolutionary transformations in the ichthyofaunal assemblages of the studied region during the late Neogene and Pleistocene. IFAs: 1 — Mykhailivkian; 2 — Popovian; 3 — Frunzivkian; 4 — Cherevychnian; 5 — Pontian; 6 — Kuchurganian; 7 — Obukhivkian; 8 — Shirokinian; 9 — Nogaiskian; 10 — Semibalkian. The numbers on the ordinate axis indicate the range of index values.
Fig. 1 in Regional Fish-Based Biostratigraphy Of The Late Neogene And Pleistocene Of Southeastern Europe
Fig. 1. Localities with fossil remains of freshwater fishes dated back to late Miocene, Pliocene and Pleistocene age (indicated by black circles) at the territory of southeastern Europe.
Fig. 4 in A review of Neogene and Quaternary pikes of southeastern Europe and a new species from the early Pleistocene of Nogaisk, Ukraine
Fig. 4. Isolated elements assigned to a pike Esox nogaicus sp. nov. from Southeastern Europe, Nogaisk; Pleistocene. A. Holotype, right dentary (NMNHU-P 27/1697), occlusal (A1) and lateral (A1) views. B. Left frontal (NMNHU-P 27/1124), lateral view. C. Left parietal (NMNHU-P 27/1129), dorsal view. D. Vomer (NMNHU-P 27/1088), ventral view. E. Parasphenoid (NMNHU-P 27/1047), ventral (E1) and dorsal (E2) views. F. Left hyomandibular (NMNHU-P 27/1093), lateral (F1) and medial (F2) views. G. Left maxilla (NMNHU-P 27/1036), lateral view. H. Right articular (NMNHU-P 27/1024), medial view. I. Right palatine (NMNHU-P 27/1115), ventral (I1), lateral (I2), and dorsal (I3) views. J. Right opercular (NMNHU-P 27/986), medial view. K. Left ceratohyal (NMNHU-P 27/1059), medial view. L. Right quadrate (NMNHU-P 27/1012), medial view. M. Left cleithrum (NMNHU-P 27/1035), medial view. A2, G, H, I1, I2, M, anterior to right; A1, B, I3, J, L, anterior to left; C–F, K, anterior towards top. Scale bars 5 mm.
FIGURE 1 in Pinniped (Mammalia: Carnivora) fossils from Black Rock, a new late Neogene vertebrate locality in Victoria, Australia
FIGURE 1. The locality of the fossil site at Black Rock. Panels show A) Australasia, B) the Australian state, Victoria, C) Port Phillip Bay, D) Bayside, including Beaumaris and Black Rock.
FIGURE 3 in Pinniped (Mammalia: Carnivora) fossils from Black Rock, a new late Neogene vertebrate locality in Victoria, Australia
FIGURE 3. The pinniped fossil record in A) Australasia. Site locations in B) Australia and C) New Zealand. D) The stratigraphic record of pinniped fossils, with potential pinniped turnover events. Dark grey shading indicated the timing of the Late Pliocene marine megafauna extinction (Pimiento et al., 2017).
FIGURE 2. The Black Rock phocid specimens. NMV P254995 in Pinniped (Mammalia: Carnivora) fossils from Black Rock, a new late Neogene vertebrate locality in Victoria, Australia
FIGURE 2. The Black Rock phocid specimens. NMV P254995, right mandible in A) lateral, B) medial, C) dorsal, D) ventral, E) annotated lateral, and F) annotated dorsal views. NMV P254178, phalanx in, G) side, H) ventral, I) opposing side, and J) dorsal views. Scale bar equals 20 mm.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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OpenNeuro
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