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153 results for “Non–native species”
Population structure and genetic variance among local populations of an non-native earthworm species in Minnesota, USA
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New non-native pseudocryptic Cyclorhipidion species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae: Xyleborini) found in the United States as revealed in a multigene phylogeny
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Seasonal variation in impact of non-native species on tropical seed dispersal networks
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Multiple spatial scales affect direct and indirect interactions between a non-native and a native species
Plant–plant interactions influence community assembly and species responses to environmental change. However, species interactions are complex phenomena influenced by context and scale. We conducted a one-year replacement experiment between two grasses in subtropical grasslands (native Axonopus fissifolius and non-native Paspalum notatum) in central Florida, USA. We evaluated interactions between these species at three ecological scales, ‘pairwise interactions’, ‘patch’ (33 cm x 33 cm) and ‘plot’ (1m x 3m), and along a gradient (15 levels) of increasing non-native and decreasing native plot groundcover within enclosures in semi-native pastures. We transplanted 18 individuals of each species per plot (18 × 30 plots = 1080 plants in total) in a 2×2 design intersecting direct pairwise interactions (additional transplanted neighbor: absent/present) with recipient patch type (Axonopus fissifolius/Paspalum notatum). Leaf length, leaf number and plant biomass were measured at the beginning and the end of the experiment along with soil nutrients and pH at patch level. Over 92% of the transplants survived. We observed an interactive effect between patch type (non-native vs. native dominated) and plant abundance at plot level on plant performance, suggesting that indirect effects at larger spatial scales can influence effects at smaller scales. Surprisingly, both species exhibited enhanced performance with increasing abundance of the non-native species at plot level. We discuss several mechanisms explaining these indirect effects including Paspalum notatum induced changes in soil pH, soil feedbacks from the soil microbial community, preconditioning effects of the native species on the recipient soil, and positive density dependence effects after transplantation.
Supplementary material 3 from: Gbedomon RC, Salako VK, Schlaepfer MA (2020) Diverse views among scientists on non-native species. NeoBiota 54: 49-69. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.54.38741
Distribution of respondents across the clusters regarding their opinions on values associated to non-native species
Data from: Comparing biocontrol and herbicide for managing an invasive non-native plant species: efficacy, non-target effects and secondary invasion
<p>1. Globally, invasive non-native plants are an increasing threat to indigenous biodiversity and ecosystems, but management can be compromised by poor efficacy of control methods, harmful non-target effects or secondary invasions by other non-native plant species.</p> <p>2. A 5-year field trial compared two stakeholder-selected control methods for heather, a European plant invading native ecosystems in and adjoining Tongariro National Park in New Zealand. The control methods were a selective herbicide (Pasture Kleen®; 2,4-D ester) and biocontrol with an introduced beetle Lochmaea suturalis (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae).</p> <p>3. Biocontrol reduced mean heather cover by 97%, slightly more than herbicide at 87%, compared with a 20% increase in heather under no management.</p> <p>4. Cover of native dicots, the most species-rich plant group, increased following biocontrol. In contrast, herbicide application had major non-target effects on native dicots, reducing their percentage cover and species richness. Native monocot cover and species richness increased following both herbicide and biocontrol treatments.</p> <p>5. A similar 8-fold increase in non-native monocots occurred following both biocontrol and herbicide treatments. Overall, secondary invasion was greatest with biocontrol because non-native dicot cover also increased, whereas herbicide almost eliminated non-native dicots. 6. Synthesis and applications. Biocontrol and herbicide treatments both controlled heather but herbicide application was associated with severe non-target impacts on native dicots. Benefits to the native flora were consequently greatest in the biocontrol treatment, despite greater secondary invasion. Control strategies for management of widespread non-native plants to optimize ecosystem outcomes should include more consideration of biocontrol.</p>
Newly discovered cichlid fish biodiversity threatened by hybridization with non-native species - Data supporting published version
<p><span><a name="_Hlk503794553"><span>Invasive freshwater fish systems are known to readily hybridize with indigenous congeneric species, driving loss of unique and irreplaceable genetic resources. Here we reveal that newly discovered (2013-2016) evolutionarily significant populations of Korogwe tilapia (<i>Oreochromis korogwe</i>) from southern Tanzania are threatened by hybridization with the larger invasive Nile tilapia (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>). We use a combination of morphology, microsatellite allele frequencies and whole genome sequences to show that <i>O. korogwe</i> from southern lakes (Nambawala, Rutamba and Mitupa) are distinct from geographically-disjunct populations in northern Tanzania (Zigi River and Mlingano Dam). We also provide genetic evidence of <i>O. korogwe</i> x <i>niloticus</i> hybrids in three southern lakes and </span></a><span>demonstrate heterogeneity in the extent of admixture across the genome. Finally, using the least admixed genomic regions we estimate that the northern and southern <i>O. korogwe</i> populations most plausibly diverged approximately 140,000 years ago, suggesting that the geographical separation of the northern and southern groups is not a result of a recent translocation, and instead these populations represent independent evolutionarily significant units. We conclude that these newly-discovered and phenotypically unique </span><span>cichlid populations are already threatened by hybridization with an invasive species, and propose that these irreplaceable genetic resources would benefit from conservation interventions.</span></span></p>
Not a melting pot: plant species aggregate in their non-native range
<p><b>Aim</b>: Plant species continue to be moved outside of their native range by human activities. Here, we aim at determining whether, once introduced, plants assimilate into native communities, or whether they aggregate, thus forming mosaics of native- and alien-rich communities. Alien species may aggregate in their non-native range due to shared habitat preferences, such as their tendency to establish in high-biomass, species-poor areas.</p> <p><b>Location</b>: 22 herbaceous grasslands in 14 countries, mainly in the temperate zone.</p> <p><b>Time period</b>: 2012 - 2016.</p> <p><b>Major taxa studied</b>: Plants.</p> <p><b>Methods</b>: We used a globally coordinated survey. Within this survey, we found 46 plant species, predominantly from Eurasia, for which we had co-occurrence data in their native and non-native range. We test for differences in co-occurrence patterns of 46 species, between their native (home) and non-native (away) range. We also tested whether species had similar habitat preferences, by testing for differences in total biomass and species richness of the patches species occupy in their native and non-native range.</p> <p><b>Results</b>: We found the same species to show different patterns of association, depending on whether they were in their native or non-native range. Alien species were negatively associated with native species, and aggregated instead with other alien species in species-poor, high-biomass communities in their non-native, compared to their native range.</p> <p><b>Main conclusions</b>: The strong differences between the native (home) and non-native (away) range in species co-occurrence patterns are evidence that how species associate with resident communities in their non-native range is not species-dependent, but rather a property of being away from their native range. These results thus highlight that species may undergo important ecological changes when introduced away from their native range. Overall, we show origin-dependent associations that result in novel communities in which alien-rich patches exist within a mosaic of native-dominated communities.</p>
Data from: Changes in seed predation along a 2300-m elevational gradient on a tropical mountain in Myanmar: a standardized test with 32 non-native plant species
<p>It has been hypothesized that biotic interactions are stronger towards lower latitudes and elevations. However, results vary among interaction systems and experimental protocols. Our goal was to examine the validity of this prediction by using a standardized method to investigate seed–animal interaction. We assessed removal by animals for 40960 seeds belonging to 32 non-native tree species along an elevation gradient from 600 m to 2910 m on Mount Victoria (Nat Ma Taung), western Myanmar. We analyzed the elevational trends of seed removal at both individual seed level (probability of depot encounter, proportion of seeds removed after encounter and total proportion of seeds removed) and community level (Shannon diversity and species evenness indices). The dry and wet seasons had opposite relationships between seed removal and elevation,<br> i.e. hump-shaped in the dry season and U-shaped in the wet season. Individual plant species displayed almost all possible patterns: U-shaped and hump-shaped, monotonic decrease and increase, and elevation-independent patterns. As a consequence of the hump-shaped seed removal pattern with elevation in the dry season, the diversity and evenness of surviving seeds showed U-shaped patterns. Our study shows that elevational trends in seed–animal interactions do not follow a constant rule, but differ between seasons and among species, suggesting that a one-off survey with few species might give misleading information on overall macroecological patterns. Future studies of trends in biotic interactions along gradients should bear this in mind.</p>
Data from: Acclimation of leaf traits in seasonal light environments: are non-native species more plastic?
1. In temperate deciduous forests, understory light environments vary dramatically throughout spring, summer, and autumn due to tree canopy leaf display. This variability in light level is a physiological challenge for understory species that produce sun-adapted leaves in the spring before being shaded by the tree canopy. Similarly, some understory species display leaves late into autumn after the tree canopy senesces. 2. Many species in North American deciduous forests with extended leaf display are not native to North America. Since many non-native species have been shown to have greater plasticity than natives, we hypothesized that leaves of non-native species may be more plastic with respect to seasonal light changes than natives, and that this plasticity may allow them to assimilate more carbon in the same environment. 3. We measured leaf traits and photosynthetic capacity of 17 native and 13 non-native understory shrub species in a common garden in Syracuse, New York, during spring, summer, and autumn. We tested for the contribution of seasonal mean and variance (plasticity) of leaf traits to a species' average photosynthetic rate and total leaf production. We also analyzed the extent to which leaf adjustments depended on whether plants continued to produce new leaves over the growing season. 4. Leaf traits of both native and non-native species varied seasonally, but plasticity varied in extent and contribution to overall carbon gain. Non-native species had the highest seasonal plasticity, but, contrary to our hypothesis, such plasticity did not contribute to their overall carbon gain. However, leaf trait plasticity was adaptive for native species that continued to produce leaves throughout the year, primarily due to increases in quantum efficiency and electron transport rate in leaves produced mid-year compared to leaves produced early in the year. 5. Synthesis. Despite large adjustments in leaf traits across seasonal light environments for both native species and non-native species, we found little evidence that leaf-level plasticity drives non-native invasion or contributes strongly to annual carbon gain or productivity in understory species. Instead, differences in mean leaf traits across seasons are sufficient to explain carbon gain advantages of non-native woody species in deciduous forests.
Data from: The importance of factors controlling species abundance and distribution varies in native and non-native species.
How variation in factors controlling species abundance and distribution between native and non-native ranges compares to that within ranges remains poorly understood. We used a globally distributed ruderal, Centaurea solstitialis (Centaurea), to explore the possibility that the importance of those factors exhibits great variation between and within ranges. To test our hypothesis, we established seed addition experiments with soil disturbance (turnover and control) and biocide (fungicides, insecticide, and control) treatments in two regions within native (the Caucasus and south-western Turkey) and non-native (the western United States – US – and central Argentina) distributions. Also, we estimated the rate of vegetation recovery after disturbance (resilience) and related it to Centaurea density in experimental plots. Disturbance strongly increased Centaurea density in all regions. Density was similar between the native Caucasus and non-native Argentina and much greater in those regions than in the native Turkey and non-native US in biocide-free plots. Fungicides had positive effects on density in the US and negative ones in the Caucasus and Argentina, resulting in no differences between those three regions and greater density in the US than Turkey. Insecticide applications promoted Centaurea density in Turkey and Argentina, but inter-regional comparisons of density in treated plots were comparable to those in biocide-free plots. Overall, plants were smaller and less fecund in Turkey than the other regions, except the US. The greatest fungal attack was documented in Turkey, and herbivory was stronger there and in Argentina than in the Caucasus and US. The resilience of the local community explained a large proportion of variation in Centaurea density. These results support our hypothesis, and reveal that the speed at which competition is re-gained after disturbance may influence global variation in Centaurea abundance. Because many ruderals exhibit native and non-native distributions, our results are likely to be generalized to other systems.
Data from: High parasite infection level in non-native invasive species: it is just a matter of time
The Enemy Release Hypothesis is often used to explain the success of non-native species invasions. Growing evidence indicates that parasite or pathogen species richness increases over time in invasive non-native species; however, this increase should not directly translate into release from enemy pressure as infection intensity of parasites (number of parasites per host) has a more profound impact on host fitness. The changes in intensity of parasitic infections in invasive non-native species have not yet been thoroughly analysed in newly colonized areas. The goal of this study was to determine whether gastrointestinal parasite (nematode and trematode) infection intensity has increased with time since the populations of American mink (Neovison vison) were established and how host demographic parameters affect infection intensity. We tested the Enemy Release Hypothesis by substituting space for time, evaluating parasite abundance in American mink at six sites along a chronosequence of mink invasion history. Nematode and trematode abundance increased with time since mink introduction, from a few parasites on average per mink after 16 years, to 200-250 parasites per mink after 34 years. The rate of increase in parasite abundance varied among demographic groups of mink (sex and age). Both nematodes and trematodes were more abundant in males than in females, and in subadults than in adults. Higher nematode abundance negatively affected body condition of mink. Our results provide evidence that non-native species are released from enemy pressure only in the first phase of invasion, and that infection is modulated by host demographics and season. These results contribute to the evaluation of the long-term patterns of parasite accumulation in invasive non-native species after their colonization of new territories.
Data from: On the occurrence of three non-native cichlid species including the first record of a feral population of Pelmatolapia (Tilapia) mariae (Boulenger, 1899) in Europe
Thermally influenced freshwater systems provide suitable conditions for non-native species of tropical and subtropical origin to survive and form proliferating populations beyond their native ranges. In Germany, non-native convict cichlids (Amatitlania nigrofasciata) and tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) have established populations in the Gillbach, a small stream that receives warm water discharge from a local power plant. Here, we report on the discovery of spotted tilapia (Pelmatolapia mariae) in the Gillbach, the first record of a reproducing population of this species in Europe. It has been hypothesized that Oreochromis sp. in the Gillbach are descendants of aquaculture escapees and our mtDNA analysis found both O. mossambicus and O. niloticus maternal lineages, which are commonly used for hybrids in aquaculture. Convict cichlids and spotted tilapia were most probably introduced into the Gillbach by aquarium hobbyists. Despite their high invasiveness worldwide, we argue that all three cichlid species are unlikely to spread and persist permanently beyond the thermally influenced range of the Gillbach river system. However, convict cichlids from the Gillbach are known to host both native and non-native fish parasites and thus, non-native cichlids may constitute threats to the native fish fauna. We therefore strongly recommend continuous monitoring of the Gillbach and similar systems.
Supplementary material 1 from: Erdélyi A, Hartdégen J, Malatinszky Á, Vadász C (2023) Historical reconstruction of the invasions of four non-native tree species at local scale: a detective work on Ailanthus altissima, Celtis occidentalis, Prunus serotina and Acer negundo. One Ecosystem 8: e108683. https://doi.org/10.3897/oneeco.8.e108683
Derived data of Ailanthus altissima, Celtis occidentalis, Prunus serotina and Acer negundo from the National Forestry Database and its archives.
Dataset for: Differential responses to fertilization and competition among invasive, non-invasive alien and native Bidens species
<p class="manuscript">Comparative studies of invasive, non-invasive alien, and native congenic plant species can identify plant traits that drive invasiveness. In particular, functional traits associated with rapid growth rate and high fecundity likely facilitate invasive success. As such traits often exhibit high phenotypic plasticity, characterizing plastic responses to anthropogenic environmental changes such as eutrophication and disturbance is important for predicting the invasive success of alien plant species in the future. Here, we compared trait expression and phenotypic plasticity at the species level among invasive, non-invasive alien, and native <i>Bidens</i> species. Plants were grown under nutrient addition and competition treatments, and their functional, morphological, and seed traits were examined. Invasive <i>B. frondosa</i> exhibited higher phenotypic plasticity in most measured traits than did the alien non-invasive <i>B. pilosa</i> or native <i>B. bipinnata</i>. However, differential plastic responses to environmental treatments rarely altered the rank of trait values among the three <i>Bidens</i> species, except for the number of inflorescences. The achene size of <i>B. frondosa</i> was larger, but its pappus length was shorter than that of <i>B. pilosa</i>. Two species demonstrated opposite plastic responses of pappus length to fertilization. These results suggest that the plasticity of functional traits does not significantly contribute to the invasive success of <i>B. frondosa</i>. The dispersal efficiency of <i>B. frondosa</i> is expected to be lower than that of <i>B. pilosa</i>, suggesting that long-distance dispersal is likely not a critical factor in determining invasive success.</p>
FIGURE. Cladosporium benschii (VIC 44412, holotype). A–D. Colonies on A. Potato dextrose agar; B. Malt extract agar; C. Oatmeal agar; D. Synthetic nutrient-poor agar, after 14 days at 25 ºC, under near-ultraviolet light, respectively. E–J. Non-geniculate macronematous conidiophores and conidia. K. Conidiogenous cells with slightly protuberant loci. L. Micronematous conidiophores. M. Microcyclic conidiogenesis. Scale bars: E–M = 20 µM. in Six new species of Cladosporium associated with decayed leaves of native bamboo (Bambusoideae) in a fragment of Brazilian Atlantic Forest
FIGURE. Cladosporium benschii (VIC 44412, holotype). A–D. Colonies on A. Potato dextrose agar; B. Malt extract agar; C. Oatmeal agar; D. Synthetic nutrient-poor agar, after 14 days at 25 ºC, under near-ultraviolet light, respectively. E–J. Non-geniculate macronematous conidiophores and conidia. K. Conidiogenous cells with slightly protuberant loci. L. Micronematous conidiophores. M. Microcyclic conidiogenesis. Scale bars: E–M = 20 µM.
Supplementary material 1 from: Guilder J, Copp GH, Thrush MA, Stinton N, Murphy D, Murray J, Tidbury HJ (2022) Threats to UK freshwaters under climate change: Commonly traded aquatic ornamental species and their potential pathogens and parasites. In: Giannetto D, Piria M, Tarkan AS, Zięba G (Eds) Recent advancements in the risk screening of freshwater and terrestrial non-native species. NeoBiota 76: 73-108. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.76.80215
Threats to UK freshwaters under climate change: Commonly traded aquatic ornamental species and their potential pathogens and parasites
Supplementary material 1 from: Mumladze L, Kuljanishvili T, Japoshvili B, Epitashvili G, Kalous L, Vilizzi L, Piria M (2022) Risk of invasiveness of non-native fishes in the South Caucasus biodiversity and geopolitical hotspot. In: Giannetto D, Piria M, Tarkan AS, Zięba G (Eds) Recent advancements in the risk screening of freshwater and terrestrial non-native species. NeoBiota 76: 109-133. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.76.82776
Combined AS-ISK report including the 96 screenings for the 32 fish species screened for the South Caucasus
Supplementary material 1 from: Marić A, Špelić I, Radočaj T, Vidović Z, Kanjuh T, Vilizzi L, Piria M, Nikolić V, Škraba Jurlina D, Mrdak D, Simonović P (2022) Changing climate may mitigate the invasiveness risk of non-native salmonids in the Danube and Adriatic basins of the Balkan Peninsula (south-eastern Europe). In: Giannetto D, Piria M, Tarkan AS, Zięba G (Eds) Recent advancements in the risk screening of freshwater and terrestrial non-native species. NeoBiota 76: 135-161. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.76.82964
Combined AS-ISK report including the 68 screenings for the 17 salmonid species screened for the Danube and Adriatic basins of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Montenegro and Serbia (including Kosovo)
Supplementary material 2 from: Piria M, Radočaj T, Vilizzi L, Britvec M (2022) Climate change may exacerbate the risk of invasiveness of non-native aquatic plants: the case of the Pannonian and Mediterranean regions of Croatia. In: Giannetto D, Piria M, Tarkan AS, Zięba G (Eds) Recent advancements in the risk screening of freshwater and terrestrial non-native species. NeoBiota 76: 25-52. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.76.83320
Combined AS-ISK report for the 24 non-native aquatic plant species screened for their potential risk of invasiveness in the Pannonian and Mediterranean regions of Croatia.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.