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171 results for “Orchid bees”
Data from: Conservation genetics of Neotropical pollinators revisited: microsatellite analysis suggests that diploid males are rare in orchid bees
Allozyme analyses have suggested that Neotropical orchid bee (Euglossini) pollinators are vulnerable because of putative high frequencies of diploid males, a result of loss of sex allele diversity in small hymenopteran populations with single locus complementary sex determination. Our analysis of 1010 males from 27 species of euglossine bees sampled across the Neotropics at 2-11 polymorphic microsatellite loci revealed only 5 diploid males at an overall frequency of 0.005 (95% CIs 0.002-0.010); errors through genetic non-detection of diploid males were likely small. In contrast to allozyme-based studies, we detected very weak or insignificant population genetic structure, even for a pair of populations >500 km apart, possibly accounting for low diploid male frequencies. Technical flaws in previous allozyme-based analyses have probably led to considerable overestimation of diploid male production in orchid bees. Other factors may have a more immediate impact on population persistence than the genetic load imposed by diploid males on these important Neotropical pollinators.
Data from: Climate, physiological tolerance, and sex-biased dispersal shape genetic structure of Neotropical orchid bees
Understanding the impact of past climatic events on the demographic history of extant species is critical for predicting species' responses to future climate change. Paleoclimatic instability is a major mechanism of lineage diversification in taxa with low dispersal and small geographic ranges in tropical ecosystems. However, the impact of these climatic events remains questionable for the diversification of species with high levels of gene flow and large geographic distributions. In this study, we investigate the impact of Pleistocene climate change on three Neotropical orchid bee species (Eulaema bombiformis, E. meriana and E. cingulata) with transcontinental distributions and different physiological tolerances. We first generated ecological niche models to identify species-specific climatically stable areas during Pleistocene climatic oscillations. Using a combination of mitochondrial and nuclear markers, we inferred calibrated phylogenies and estimated historical demographic parameters to reconstruct the phylogeographic history of each species. Our results indicate species with narrower physiological tolerance experienced less suitable habitat during glaciations and currently exhibit strong population structure in the mitochondrial genome. However, nuclear markers with low and high mutation rates show lack of association with geography. These results combined with lower migration rate estimates from the mitochondrial than the nuclear genome suggest male-biased dispersal. We conclude that despite large effective population sizes and capacity for long-distance dispersal, climatic instability is an important mechanism of maternal lineage diversification in orchid bees. Thus, these Neotropical pollinators are susceptible to disruption of genetic connectivity in the event of large-scale climatic changes.
FIGURES 4–9. Euglossa natesi n in Euglossa natesi n. sp., a new species of orchid bee from the Chocó region of Colombia and Ecuador (Hymenoptera: Apidae)
FIGURES 4–9. Euglossa natesi n. sp. Middle tibia (4) of male with its corresponding line drawing (5); hidden male sterna 7 (6) and 8 in lateral and ventral views (7) male genitalia capsule (8) (dbpv.: dorsal bridge of penis valve, gc.: gonocoxite, pn.: penis, pnv.: penis valve) and gonostylus (9) in lateral view.
FIGURES 12 in Euglossa samperi n. sp., a new species of orchid bee from the Ecuadorian Andes (Hymenoptera: Apidae)
FIGURES 12. Map of the Andean region showing collection localities of Euglossa samperi n. sp. and its close relative Euglossa paisa Ramírez (2005).
FIGURES 6–11. Hidden male sterna 7 in Euglossa samperi n. sp., a new species of orchid bee from the Ecuadorian Andes (Hymenoptera: Apidae)
FIGURES 6–11. Hidden male sterna 7 (6), 8 (7) and genitalia capsule (8) of Euglossa paisa Ramirez (2005) and Euglossa samperi n. sp. (Figs. 9–11) (dbpv.: dorsal bridge of penis valves, gc.: gonocoxite, pn.: penis, pnv.: penis valves, sp.: spiculum).
FIGURES 1–5. Euglossa samperi n in Euglossa samperi n. sp., a new species of orchid bee from the Ecuadorian Andes (Hymenoptera: Apidae)
FIGURES 1–5. Euglossa samperi n. sp.: lateral profile (1), upper view (2), frontal view (3), and middle tibia (4) of paratype with its corresponding line drawing (5).
FIGURE 2 in Eulaema (Apeulaema) felipei sp. n. (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Euglossina): a new forest-dependent orchid bee found at the brink of extinction in northeastern Brazil
FIGURE 2. Map showing the Estação Ecológica de Murici, Murici, state of Alagoas. The red line defines the limits of the ecological station. The largest fragment at the northern portion is the site here called "Serra da Bananeira", where all specimens of Eulaema felipei sp. n. were collected.
FIGURE 4 in Eulaema (Apeulaema) felipei sp. n. (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Euglossina): a new forest-dependent orchid bee found at the brink of extinction in northeastern Brazil
FIGURE 4. Map showing the known geographic distributions of Eulaema mocsaryi (Friese, 1899) (circles) and Eulaema felipei sp. n. (square). Notice the location of Parnaíba, in the state of Piauí, where a single specimen of El. mocsaryi was recorded (see text). Acronyms represent Brazilian states, as following: AL = Alagoas, BA = Bahia, CE = Ceará, PB = Paraíba, PE = Pernambuco, PI = Piauí, RN = Rio Grande do Norte, SE = Sergipe (modified from Oliveira 2008).
FIGURE 3 in Eulaema (Apeulaema) felipei sp. n. (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Euglossina): a new forest-dependent orchid bee found at the brink of extinction in northeastern Brazil
FIGURE 3. Holotype Eulaema felipei sp. n. A: dorsal view; B: frontal view of face; C: ventral view of mesotibia; D: metatibia. (Photos: Rodolfo C. C. Arantes).
FIGURE 1 in Eulaema (Apeulaema) felipei sp. n. (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Euglossina): a new forest-dependent orchid bee found at the brink of extinction in northeastern Brazil
FIGURE 1. Current and original extensions of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest (after Fundação SOS Mata Atlântica—states of Rio de Janeiro and Paraná: 2000; other states: 1995).
FIGURE 2 in Exaerete salsai sp. n. (Hymenoptera: Apidae): a new orchid bee from eastern Brazil
FIGURE 2. Main characters of Exaerete salsai sp. n. A: frontal view of face. B: scutellum. C: ventral side of mesotibia. D: hind leg. E: lateral view seen from above, showing hypoepimeron. F: metasoma. G: lateral view of mesoscutum, showing the depression at the mesoscutal line. H: lateral view of mesoscutum of Exaerete trochanterica, showing the slight elevation at the mesoscutal line.
FIGURE 3 in Exaerete salsai sp. n. (Hymenoptera: Apidae): a new orchid bee from eastern Brazil
FIGURE 3. Genitalia of Exaerete salsai sp. n. A: sternum 7. B: sternum 8. C: ventral view of the genital capsule. D: lateral view of the genital capsule. E: dorsal view of the genital capsule.
FIGURE 1 in Exaerete salsai sp. n. (Hymenoptera: Apidae): a new orchid bee from eastern Brazil
FIGURE 1. Map showing the exact locations where the specimens of Exaerete salsai sp. n. were collected. The municipality of Itamaraju, where four specimens were collected in 1985, lies exactly between ParNa Monte Pascoal and ParNa do Descobrimento, in southern state of Bahia.
FIGURE 3 in Nomenclatural issues in the orchid bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Euglossina) and an updated catalogue
FIGURE 3. Eulaema polyzona (Mocsáry, 1897), the likely candidate of Merian's (1705) actual illustration (see Fig. 2). A. Dorsal view, B. Ventral view.
FIGURE 2 in Nomenclatural issues in the orchid bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Euglossina) and an updated catalogue
FIGURE 2. Original illustration from Merian (1705), with several insects found moving around the Genipa americana (Rubi-
FIGURE 1 in Nomenclatural issues in the orchid bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Euglossina) and an updated catalogue
FIGURE 1. Rate of first formal descriptions of new orchid bee taxa by decade. Dates are from the oldest available nomina, 1758, in the sense of the Code, and until 2009.
FIGURE 4 in Nomenclatural issues in the orchid bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Euglossina) and an updated catalogue
FIGURE 4. Eulaema meriana (Olivier, 1789) and El. dimidiata (Fabricius, 1793) neotype (same specimen). A. Dorsal view, B. Ventral view, C. Head, frontal view, D. Mesotibia.
FIGURE 6 in Eufriesea zhangi sp. n. (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Euglossina), a new orchid bee from Brazil revealed by molecular and morphological characters
FIGURE 6. Comparison of genitalia of Eufriesea zhangi sp. n. (left column) and E. nordestina Moure, 1999 (right column). A–B: ventral view of S7; C–D: ventral view of S8; E–F: lateral view of genital capsule; G–H: ventral view of genital capsule.
FIGURE 5 in Eufriesea zhangi sp. n. (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Euglossina), a new orchid bee from Brazil revealed by molecular and morphological characters
FIGURE 5. Eufriesea nordestina (Moure, 1999). A: dorsal view of head and mesosoma; B: frontal view of face; C: dorsal view of metasoma; D: ventral view of mesotiba. E: frontal view of metatibia; F: metatibia seen from above.
FIGURE 4 in Eufriesea zhangi sp. n. (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Euglossina), a new orchid bee from Brazil revealed by molecular and morphological characters
FIGURE 4. Holotype Eufriesea zhangi sp. n. A: dorsal view of head and mesosoma; B: frontal view of face; C: dorsal view of metasoma; D: ventral view of mesotiba. E: frontal view of metatibia; F: metatibia seen from above.
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