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111 results for “Phlox”
Variation in response to water availability across Phlox species
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Data from: A multi-dimensional selective landscape drives adaptive divergence between and within closely related Phlox species
<p>Selection causes local adaptation across populations within species and simultaneously divergence between species. However, it is unclear if either the force of or the response to selection is similar across these scales. We show that natural selection drives divergence between closely related species in a pattern that is distinct from local adaptation within species. We use reciprocal transplant experiments across three species of <em>Phlox </em>wildflowers to characterize widespread adaptive divergence. Using provenance trials, we also find strong local adaptation between populations within a species. Comparing divergence and selection between these two scales of diversity we discover that one suite of traits predicts fitness differences between species and that an independent suite of traits predicts fitness variation within species. Selection drives divergence between species, contributing to speciation, while simultaneously favoring extensive diversity that is maintained across populations within a species. Our work demonstrates how the selection landscape is complex and multidimensional.</p>
Experimental and genetic analysis of selfing reveals no reinforcement in Phlox cuspidata
<p>Reinforcement is the process through which prezygotic reproductive barriers evolve in sympatry due to selection against hybridization between co-occurring, closely related species. The role of self-fertilization in reinforcement and reproductive isolation is uncertain in part because its efficiency as a barrier against heterospecific mating can depend on the timing of autonomous selfing.</p> <p>To investigate whether increased autonomous selfing has evolved as a mechanism for reinforcement, we compared <em>Phlox cuspidata</em> populations across their native Texas range using both estimates of genetic diversity and experimental manipulation with morphological measurements. Specifically, we investigated patterns of variation in floral traits and timing of selfing between individuals from allopatric populations of <em>P. cuspidata</em> and from populations sympatric with the closely related species, <em>P. drummondii</em>.</p> <p>We infer intermediate rates of selfing across field-collected individuals with no significant difference between allopatric and sympatric populations. Among greenhouse grown plants, we find no differences in timing of selfing or other floral traits including anther dehiscence timing, anther-stigma distances, autonomous selfing rate and self-seed count between allopatric and sympatric populations. However, our statistical analyses indicate that <em>P. cuspidata </em>individuals sympatric with <em>P drummondii</em> seem to have generally larger flowers compared to allopatric individuals.</p> <p>Despite strong evidence of costly hybridization with <em>P. drummondii</em>, we find no evidence of trait divergence due to reinforcement in <em>P. cuspidata. </em>Although we document nearly complete autonomous self-seed set in the greenhouse, estimates of selfing rates from genetic data imply realized selfing is much lower in nature suggesting an opportunity for reinforcing selection to act on this trait. </p>
Phlox bifida (Polemoniaceae) - whole plant - in flower - general view
Image of Phlox bifida (Polemoniaceae) - whole plant - in flower - general view
Characterizing each step of pollination in the wildflower, Phlox drummondii, reveals a single butterfly species predominates in the pollinator assemblage
<p>Premise: A central goal of pollination biology is to connect plants with the identity of their pollinator(s). While predictions based on floral syndrome traits are extremely useful, direct observation can reveal further details of a species' pollination biology. The wildflower, <em>Phlox drummondii</em>, has a floral syndrome consistent with pollination by a variety of lepidoptera. We describe pollination in <em>P. drummondii</em> and use empirical data to test this prediction.</p> <p>Methods: We directly observe each step of the pollination process in <em>P. drummondii</em>. First, we observe 55.5 hours of floral visitation throughout the day/evening (7:00-20:30) at sites across the species range. We use a temporal pollinator exclusion experiment to determine the contribution of diurnal and nocturnal pollination to reproductive output. We then quantify <em>P. drummondii</em> pollen pickup and deposition by the dominant floral visitor, <em>Battus philenor</em>. Finally, we test the effect of <em>B. philenor</em> visitation on <em>P. drummondii</em> reproductive output by quantifying fruit set following visitation to greenhouse-grown flowers.</p> <p>Results: <em>B. philenor</em> is the primary pollinator of <em>P. drummondii</em>. Pollination is largely diurnal, and we observe a variety of lepidopteran visitors during this period. However, <em>B. philenor</em> is by far the most frequent visitor, representing 88.5% of all observed floral visits. We show that <em>B. philenor</em> is not only an extremely common visitor but also an effective pollinator by demonstrating that individuals transfer pollen between flowers and that a single visit can elicit fruit set.</p> <p>Conclusion: Our data are consistent with the syndrome prediction of lepidopteran pollination and further reveal a single butterfly species, <em>B. philenor</em>, as the primary pollinator. Collectively, our study demonstrates the importance of empirical pollinator observations, adds to our understanding of pollination mechanics, and offers a specific case study of butterfly pollination.</p>
Population genetics and comparative morphology of two serpentine Phlox species
<p>Hybridization between rare and widespread species can result in loss of genetic integrity for the rarer species, which can have management and conservation implications. One rare species, <em>Phlox hirsuta</em>, is a serpentine endemic in northern California, and it frequently co-occurs with a widespread congener, <em>P. speciosa</em>. Putative hybrids were recognized based on intermediate morphology, so the possibility of hybridization was explored using floral morphological and molecular data. Ninety-eight individuals of <em>P. hirsuta</em> and <em>P. speciosa</em> were collected from each of three populations, and floral features were measured and compared. Eleven microsatellite loci were amplified for species and putative hybrids, and inter- and intraspecific genetic diversity and relationships were investigated with multiple methods. Variation in morphological and molecular data was recognized. Floral variation was greater for <em>P. hirsuta</em> than <em>P. speciosa</em>. Putative hybrids were genetically allied with <em>P. speciosa</em>, but two individuals of <em>P. hirsuta</em> were resolved to have genetic similarity with <em>P. speciosa</em>. While hybridization is possible between the species, it is uncommon and appears to be primarily unidirectional, with <em>P. speciosa</em> as the hypothesized male parent and <em>P. hirsuta</em> as the hypothesized female parent. The small number of recognized hybrids may be due to ineffective interspecific pollination, early acting inbreeding depression, hybrids being less fit than parents, and/or small sample sizes. Reinforcement does not appear to play a role in secondary contact between species. Both microsatellite loci and floral morphology varied across the small geographic range of <em>P. hirsuta</em>, suggesting local differentiation and adaptation are possible over short distances.</p>
Characterizing each step of pollination in the wildflower, Phlox drummondii, reveals a single butterfly species predominates in the pollinator assemblage
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Population genetics and comparative morphology of two serpentine Phlox species
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Data from: A multi-dimensional selective landscape drives adaptive divergence between and within closely related Phlox species
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Experimental and genetic analysis of selfing reveals no reinforcement in Phlox cuspidata
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Supporting data: Phylogenomic analyses re-examine the evolution of reinforcement and hypothesized hybrid speciation in Phlox wildflowers
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A lectin receptor-like kinase controls self-pollen recognition in Phlox
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H. J. Andrews Experimental Forest site, station Andrews Watershed 1, study of plant cover of Phlox adsurgens (northern phlox) in units of percent on a yearly timescale
The EcoTrends project was established in 2004 by Dr. Debra Peters (Jornada Basin LTER, USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range) and Dr. Ariel Lugo (Luquillo LTER, USDA-FS Luquillo Experimental Forest) to support the collection and analysis of long-term ecological datasets. The project is a large synthesis effort focused on improving the accessibility and use of long-term data. At present, there are ~50 state and federally funded research sites that are participating and contributing to the EcoTrends project, including all 26 Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) sites and sites funded by the USDA Agriculture Research Service (ARS), USDA Forest Service, US Department of Energy, US Geological Survey (USGS) and numerous universities. Data from the EcoTrends project are available through an exploratory web portal (http://www.ecotrends.info). This web portal enables the continuation of data compilation and accessibility by users through an interactive web application. Ongoing data compilation is updated through both manual and automatic processing as part of the LTER Provenance Aware Synthesis Tracking Architecture (PASTA). The web portal is a collaboration between the Jornada LTER and the LTER Network Office. The following dataset from H. J. Andrews Experimental Forest (AND) contains plant cover of Phlox adsurgens (northern phlox) measurements in percent units and were aggregated to a yearly timescale.
Phlox divaricata (Polemoniaceae) - leaf - on upper stem
Image of Phlox divaricata (Polemoniaceae) - leaf - on upper stem
Phlox divaricata (Polemoniaceae) - inflorescence - whole - unspecified
Image of Phlox divaricata (Polemoniaceae) - inflorescence - whole - unspecified
Phlox divaricata (Polemoniaceae) - whole plant - in flower - general view
Image of Phlox divaricata (Polemoniaceae) - whole plant - in flower - general view
Phlox paniculata (Polemoniaceae) - inflorescence - frontal view of flower
Image of Phlox paniculata (Polemoniaceae) - inflorescence - frontal view of flower
Phlox paniculata (Polemoniaceae) - inflorescence - whole - unspecified
Image of Phlox paniculata (Polemoniaceae) - inflorescence - whole - unspecified
Phlox paniculata (Polemoniaceae) - inflorescence - closeup of flower interior
Image of Phlox paniculata (Polemoniaceae) - inflorescence - closeup of flower interior
Phlox paniculata (Polemoniaceae) - inflorescence - ventral view of flower + perianth
Image of Phlox paniculata (Polemoniaceae) - inflorescence - ventral view of flower + perianth
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