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80 results for “Prey capture”
Data and code for: River noise alters orb-weaving spider abundance, web size, and prey capture
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Data for: Hunting behavior of a solitary sailfish Istiophorus platypterus and estimated energy gain after prey capture
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Data from: Physical and social cues shape nest-site preference and prey capture behavior in social spiders
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Kinematic integration during prey capture varies among individuals but not ecological contexts in bluegill sunfish, Lepomis macrochirus (Perciformes: Centrarchidae)
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Figure 11. Spheniopsis brasiliensis. A in The organs of prey capture and digestion in the miniature predatory bivalve Spheniopsis brasiliensis (Anomalodesmata: Cuspidarioidea: Spheniopsidae) expose a novel life-history trait
Figure 11. Spheniopsis brasiliensis. A transverse section through the rectum, showing minute fragments of ingested and digested prey items. AM, Amoebocyte; CIC, ciliated cell; FIPI, fragment of ingested prey item.
Figure 6. Spheniopsis brasiliensis. A in The organs of prey capture and digestion in the miniature predatory bivalve Spheniopsis brasiliensis (Anomalodesmata: Cuspidarioidea: Spheniopsidae) expose a novel life-history trait
Figure 6. Spheniopsis brasiliensis. A transverse section through the visceral mass, towards the posterior end of the stomach and illustrating the disposition of the paired gonads. APRM, Anterior septal retractor muscles; DT, digestive tubule; EO, encapsulated oocyte; FIPI, fragment of ingested prey item; GF, gonadial follicle; IPI, ingested prey item; SC, secretory cells.
Figure 2 in The organs of prey capture and digestion in the miniature predatory bivalve Spheniopsis brasiliensis (Anomalodesmata: Cuspidarioidea: Spheniopsidae) expose a novel life-history trait
Figure 2. Spheniopsis brasiliensis. The organs of the mantle cavity and visceral mass, as seen from the right side after removal of the right shell valve and mantle lobe. AAM, anterior adductor muscle; AN, anus; APRM, anterior pedal retractor muscle; ASRM, anterior septal retractor muscle; AU, auricle; CS, crystalline style; CSS, crystalline style sac; DD, digestive diverticulae; EO, encapsulated oocyte; F, foot; G, gonad; HG, hind gut; M, mouth; MG, mid gut; PAM, posterior adductor muscle; PE, pericardium; PEG, pericardial gland; PL, pallial line; PPRM, posterior pedal retractor muscle; PR, prodissoconch; PS, pallial sinus; PSRM, posterior septal retractor muscle; SE, Septum; ST, stomach.
Figure 13 in The organs of prey capture and digestion in the miniature predatory bivalve Spheniopsis brasiliensis (Anomalodesmata: Cuspidarioidea: Spheniopsidae) expose a novel life-history trait
Figure 13. Illustrations of prey capture by (A) Grippina coronata; (B) Spheniopsis brasiliensis; and (C) Cuspidaria rostrata, all drawn to approximately the same scale. (A redrawn partly after Morton et al. (2015, fig. 24 C) and C redrawn partly after Reid and Reid (1974, fig. 1). Possible prey items are also identified. The arrows show how evolution of the rostrum has allowed deeper residence of the sediments presumably for enhanced protection.
Data from: Modularity and rates of evolutionary change in a power-amplified prey capture system
The dynamic interplay among structure, function and phylogeny form a classic triad of influences on the patterns and processes of biological diversification. While these dynamics are widely recognized as important, quantitative analyses of their interactions have infrequently been applied to biomechanical systems. Here we analyze these factors using a fundamental biomechanical mechanism: power amplification. Power-amplified systems use springs and latches to generate extremely fast and powerful movements. This study focuses specifically on the power amplification mechanism in the fast raptorial appendages of mantis shrimp (Crustacea: Stomatopoda). Using geometric morphometric and phylogenetic comparative analyses, we measured evolutionary modularity and rates of morphological evolution of the raptorial appendage's biomechanical components. We found that "smashers" (hammer-shaped raptorial appendages) exhibit lower modularity and 10-fold slower rates of morphological change when compared to non-smashers (spear-shaped or undifferentiated appendages). The morphological and biomechanical integration of this system at a macro-evolutionary scale and the presence of variable rates of evolution reveal a balance between structural constraints, functional variation, and the developmental and genetic roles in evolutionary diversification.
Data from: Modelled three-dimensional suction accuracy predicts prey capture success in three species of centrarchid fishes
Prey capture is critical for survival, and differences in correctly positioning and timing a strike (accuracy) are likely related to variation in capture success. However, an ability to quantify accuracy under natural conditions, particularly for fishes, is lacking. We developed a predictive model of suction hydrodynamics and applied it to natural behaviours using three-dimensional kinematics of three centrarchid fishes capturing evasive and non-evasive prey. A spheroid ingested volume of water (IVW) with dimensions predicted by peak gape and ram speed was verified with known hydrodynamics for two species. Differences in capture success occurred primarily with evasive prey (64–96% success). Micropterus salmoides had the greatest ram and gape when capturing evasive prey, resulting in the largest and most elongate IVW. Accuracy predicted capture success, although other factors may also be important. The lower accuracy previously observed in M. salmoides was not replicated, but this is likely due to more natural conditions in our study. Additionally, we discuss the role of modulation and integrated behaviours in shaping the IVW and determining accuracy. With our model, accuracy is a more accessible performance measure for suction-feeding fishes, which can be used to explore macroevolutionary patterns of prey capture evolution.
Data from: Muscle tradeoffs in a power-amplified prey capture system
Should animals operating at great speeds and accelerations use fast or slow muscles? The answer hinges on a fundamental tradeoff: muscles can be maximally fast or forceful, but not both. Direct lever systems offer a straightforward manifestation of this tradeoff, yet the fastest organisms use power amplification, not direct lever action. Power-amplified systems typically use slow, forceful muscles to pre-load springs which then rapidly release elastic potential energy to generate high speeds and accelerations. However, a fast response to a stimulus may necessitate fast spring-loading. Across 22 mantis shrimp species (Stomatopoda), this study examined how muscle anatomy correlates with spring mechanics and appendage type. We found that muscle force is maximized through physiological cross-sectional area, but not through sarcomere length. Sit-and-wait predators had the shortest sarcomere lengths (fastest contractions) and the slowest strike speeds. The species that crush shells ("smashers") had the fastest speeds, most forceful springs and longest sarcomeres. The origin of the smasher clade yielded dazzlingly high accelerations, perhaps due to the release from fast spring-loading for evasive prey capture. This study offers a new window into the dynamics of force-speed tradeoffs in muscles in the biomechanical, comparative evolutionary framework of power-amplified systems.
Data from: Acquired versus innate prey capturing skills in super-precocial live-bearing fish
Live-bearing fish start hunting for mobile prey within hours after birth, an example of extreme precociality. Because prenatal, in utero, development of this behaviour is constrained by the lack of free-swimming sensory-motor interactions, immediate success after birth depends on innate, evolutionarily acquired patterns. Optimal performance however requires flexible adjustment to an unpredictable environment. To distinguish innate from postnatally developing patterns we analysed over 2000 prey capture events for 28 metallic livebearers (Girardinus metallicus; Poeciliidae), during their first 3 days after birth. We show that the use of synchronous pectoral fin beats for final acceleration and ingestion is fixed and presumably innate. It allows for direct, symmetrical control of swimming speed and direction, while avoiding head yaw. Eye movements and body curvatures, however, change considerably in the first few days, showing that eye-tail coordination requires postnatal development. The results show how successful prey captures for newborn, live-bearing fish are based on a combination of fixed motor programmes and rapid, postnatal development.
Data from: Environment-dependent prey-capture in the Atlantic mudskipper (Periophthalmus barbarus)
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Data from: Modularity and rates of evolutionary change in a power-amplified prey capture system
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Data from: Modelled three-dimensional suction accuracy predicts prey capture success in three species of centrarchid fishes
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Acoustically eavesdropping bat predators take longer to capture katydid prey signalling in aggregation
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Data from: Acquired versus innate prey capturing skills in super-precocial live-bearing fish
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Data from: Muscle tradeoffs in a power-amplified prey capture system
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Figure 1 in Prey capture and feeding behaviour in an endemic land flatworm from São Tomé Island
Figure 1. External features, prey, and feeding of Othelosoma impensum. (a) Specimen of O. impensum; head is the yellowish end of the body; scale in mm; (b) Specimen of O. impensum with cluster of immobilised ants covered with mucus; (c) Cluster of immobilised ants on fingertip; (d) Specimen of O. impensum feeding on a single ant; arrow points to the protruding pharynx.
Fig. 1 in Evolution of hyperflexible joints in sticky prey capture appendages of harvestmen (Arachnida, Opiliones)
Fig. 1 Evolution of distal pedipalpal joints in harvestmen. Phylogenetic tree based on Schönhofer (2013) and Groh and Giribet (2014). The right schematic images of the joints between patella, tibia, and tarsus. Numbers below give the relative width of the joint (width of segment at the joint divided by highest width of the segment) and the range of movement (ROM). (Superscript number one) Reconstruction of ancestral states of ROM of the tibiotarsal joint with Mesquite V 3.04; (Superscript number 2) character traces of glandular setae following Wolff et al. (2016); Single asterisk in the p-t-joint of C. agilis, the pivot axis is tilted such that adduction-abduction movement is performed instead of flexion-extension (typical for Eupnoi); Double asterisks in the p-t- and t-t-joints of S. simoni are not uniaxial but perform rotational movements in addition to flexion-extension movements (number represents full range of movement)
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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