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111 results for “Qualitative Data”
Data from: Toward a precision behavioral medicine approach to addressing high-risk sun exposure: a qualitative analysis
Objectives: Precision behavioral medicine techniques integrating wearable ultraviolet radiation (UVR) sensors may help individuals avoid sun exposure that places them at-risk for skin cancer. As a preliminary step in our patient-centered process of developing a just-in-time adaptive intervention, this study evaluated reactions and preferences to UVR sensors among melanoma survivors. Materials and Methods: Early stage adult melanoma survivors were recruited for a focus group (n=11) or 10-day observational study, which included daily wearing a UVR sensor and sun exposure surveys (n=39). Both the focus group moderator guide and observational study exit interviews included questions on UVR sensing as a potential intervention strategy. These responses were transcribed and coded using an inductive strategy. Results: Most observational study participants (84.6%) said they would find information provided by UVR sensors to be useful to help them learn about how specific conditions (e.g., clouds, location) impact sun exposure and provide in-the-moment alerts. Focus group participants expressed enthusiasm for UVR information and identified preferred qualities of a UVR sensor, such as small size and integration with other devices. Participants in both studies indicated concern that UVR feedback may be difficult to interpret and some expressed that a UVR sensor may not be convenient or desirable to wear in daily life. Discussion: Melanoma survivors believe that personalized UVR exposure information could improve their sun protection and want this information delivered in a method that is meaningful and actionable. Conclusion: UVR sensing is a promising component of a precision behavioral medicine strategy to reduce skin cancer risk.
Data from: The personal and social experiences of community-dwelling younger adults after stroke in Australia: a qualitative interview study
Objectives: To examine the personal and social experiences of younger adults after stroke. Design: Qualitative study design involving in-depth semi-structured interviews and rigorous qualitative descriptive analysis informed by social constructionism. Participants: Nineteen young stroke survivors aged 18 to 55 at the time of their first-ever stroke. Setting: Participants were recruited from urban and rural settings across Australia. Interviews took place in a clinic room of the Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health (Melbourne, Australia), over an online conference platform or by telephone. Results: Four main themes emerged from the discourses: (1) psycho-emotional experiences after young stroke; (2) losing pre-stroke life construct and relationships; (3) recovering and adapting after young stroke; and (4) invalidated by the old-age, physical concept of stroke. While these themes ran through the narratives of all participants, data analysis also drew out interesting variation between individual experiences. Conclusions: For many younger adults, stroke is an unexpected and devastating life event that profoundly diverts their biography and presents complex and continued challenges to fulfilling age-normative roles. While adaptation, resilience and post-traumatic growth are common, this study suggests that more bespoke support is needed for younger adults after stroke. Increasing public awareness of young stroke is also important, as is increased research attention to this problem.
Data from: Characterizing the interaction between physicians, pharmacists and pharmaceutical representatives in a middle-income country: a qualitative study
Background: Studies around the world have shown that interactions between pharmaceutical companies, pharmacists and physicians have a great influence on prescribing and drug dispensing practices. In middle-income countries, the nature and extent of these interactions have not been well researched. Our objectives were to qualitatively explore the nature of the interactions between pharmaceutical companies, physicians and pharmacists, their impact on drug prescription and dispensing practices in Lebanon. Methods and Findings: We used grounded theory approach as well as the known sponsor, purposive, and snowballing sampling strategies to identify interviewees from the three respective groups: physicians, pharmacists, and pharmaceutical representatives. We conducted semi-structured and analyzed transcripts thematically. 6 pharmaceutical representatives, 13 physicians and 13 pharmacists participated in the study. The following themes emerged: purpose and driver for the interactions, nature of the interactions, incentives, impact on prescription practices, ethical considerations, and suggestions for managing the interactions. The main purposes for the interaction were educational, promotional, and monitoring prescription practices and dispensing, while the main drivers for these interactions were market potential and neighborhood socio-economic status. Physicians, pharmacists and pharmaceutical representatives who engage in these interactions benefit from a variety of incentives, some of which were characterized as unethical. It appears that pharmaceutical companies give prominence to selected physicians within their communities. Although members of the three interviewed groups refer to some of the interactions as being problematic, they described a culture of acceptance of gift giving. We developed a framework that depicts the prevailing politico-cultural environment, the interactions between the three professional groups, and their impact on drug prescription. Underreporting is the main limitation of this study. Conclusion: Interactions between physicians, pharmacists and pharmaceutical representatives are frequent. Although these interactions can be beneficial, they still have a substantial effect on drug prescription and dispensing practices. Hence, the need for new policies that regulate these interactions and penalize any misconduct.
Data from: Primary care management of headaches and how direct-access MRI fits: a qualitative study of UK general practitioners' views
Objectives To develop a better understanding of General Practitioners' (GPs) views and experiences of the management of patients with headaches and use of direct access magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, and observe outcomes of an educational session offered by a GP with a Special Interest (GPwSI) to GPs. Design A qualitative study using semi-structured interviews, analysed using thematic analysis. A GPwSI in headaches visited practices delivering a talk on headache medication, diagnosis, and management. Setting Sixteen (16) primary care family practices in South London, United Kingdom. Participants Twenty (20) General Practitioners. Results Not all GPs were aware of the availability of direct access MRI, but all acknowledged having used referral or direct-scans to manage patients' concern about their headaches. A normal scan result helped resolve uncertainty for patient and GP, and helped management towards discussion of preventative treatment. However, patients with psychological and/or severe headache symptoms could not necessarily be reassured. GPs reported difficulty interpreting radiology reports, particularly incidental abnormalities. Those who received the educational talk gained knowledge in diagnosis and medication, improving their confidence in management. Conclusions Increased access to imaging, training in headache management, addressing physical and psychological symptoms, and standardized reporting of scans, may improve GP use of direct access MRI in future.
Data from: Scalable, semi-automated fluorescence reduction neutralization assay for qualitative assessment of Ebola virus-neutralizing antibodies in human clinical samples
Antibody titers against a viral pathogen are typically measured using an antigen binding assay, such as an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), which only measures the ability of antibodies to identify a viral antigen of interest. Neutralization assays measure the presence of virus-neutralizing antibodies in a sample. Traditional neutralization assays, such as the plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT), are often difficult to use on a large scale due to being both labor and resource intensive. Here we describe an Ebola virus fluorescence reduction neutralization assay (FRNA), which tests for neutralizing antibodies, that requires only a small volume of sample in a 96-well format and is easy to automate. The readout of the FRNA is the percentage of Ebola virus-infected cells measured with an optical reader or overall chemiluminescence that can be generated by multiple reading platforms and the readout is compatible with lytic and non-lytic viruses. Using blinded human clinical samples (EVD survivors or contacts) obtained in Liberia during the 2013–2016 Ebola virus disease outbreak, we demonstrate that FRNA-measured antibody titers are highly correlated with those measured by the Filovirus Animal Non-clinical Group (FANG) ELISA - the current standard for anti-EBOV antibody measurement with the important distinction of providing information on the neutralizing capabilities of the antibodies.
Data from: Qualitative skeletal correlates of wing shape in extant birds (Aves: Neoaves)
Background: Among living fliers (birds, bats, and insects), birds display relatively high aspect ratios, a dimensionless shape variable that distinguishes long and narrow vs. short and broad wings. Increasing aspect ratio results in a functional tradeoff between low induced drag (efficient cruise) and increased wing inertia (difficult takeoff). Given the wide scope of its functional effects, the pattern of aspect ratio evolution is an important factor that contributes to the substantial ecological and phylogenetic diversity of living birds. However, because the feathers that define the wingtip (and hence wingspan and aspect ratio) often do not fossilize, resolution in the pattern of avian wing shape evolution is obscured by missing information. Here I use a comparative approach to investigate the relationship between skeletal proxies of flight feather attachment and wing shape. Results: An accessory lobe of the internal index process of digit II-1, a bony correlate of distal primary attachment, shows weak but statistically significant relationships to aspect ratio and mass independent of other skeletal morphology. The dorsal phalangeal fossae of digit II-1, which house distal primaries VIII and IX, also show a trend of increased prominence with higher aspect ratio. Quill knobs on the ulna are examined concurrently, but do not show consistent signal with respect to wing shape. Conclusions: Although quill knobs are cited as skeletal correlates of flight performance in birds, their relationship to wing shape is inconsistent among extant taxa, and may reflect diverging selection pressures acting on a conserved architecture. In contrast, correlates of distal primary feather attachment on the major digit show convergent responses to increasing aspect ratio. In light of the diversity of musculoskeletal and integumentary mophology that underlies wing shape in different avian clades, it is unlikely that a single skeletal feature will show consistent predictive power across Neoaves. Confident inference of wing shape in basal ornithurine birds will require multiple lines of evidence, together with an understanding of clade-specific evolutionary trends within the crown.
Data from: Mandated reporters' experiences with reporting child maltreatment: a meta-synthesis of qualitative studies
Objective: To systematically search for research about the effectiveness of mandatory reporting of child maltreatment and to synthesize qualitative research that explores mandated reporters' (MRs) experiences with reporting. Design: As no studies assessing the effectiveness of mandatory reporting were retrieved from our systematic search, we conducted a meta-synthesis of retrieved qualitative research. Searches in Medline (OVID), Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Sociological Abstracts, ERIC, Criminal Justice Abstracts, and Cochrane Library yielded over 6000 citations, which were deduplicated and then screened by two independent reviewers. English-language, primary qualitative studies that investigated MRs' experiences with reporting of child maltreatment were included. Critical appraisal involved a modified checklist from the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) and qualitative meta-synthesis was used to combine results from the primary studies. Setting: All healthcare and social-service settings implicated by mandatory reporting laws were included. Included studies crossed nine high-income countries (United States, Australia, Sweden, Taiwan, Canada, Norway, Finland, Israel and Cyprus) and three middle-income countries (South Africa, Brazil, and El Salvador). Participants: The studies represent the views of 1088 MRs. Outcomes: Factors that influence MRs' decision to report and MRs' views towards and experiences with mandatory reporting of child maltreatment. Results: Forty-four articles reporting 42 studies were included. Findings indicate that MRs struggle to identify and respond to less overt forms of child maltreatment. While some articles (14%) described positive experiences MRs had with the reporting process, negative experiences were reported in 73% of articles and included accounts of harm to therapeutic relationships and child death following removal from their family of origin. Conclusions: The findings of this meta-synthesis suggest that there are many potentially harmful experiences associated with mandatory reporting and that research on the effectiveness of this process is urgently needed.
Data from: A qualitative study exploring the health literacy issues in the care of Chinese American immigrants with diabetes
Objectives: To investigate why first-generation Chinese immigrants with diabetes have difficulty obtaining, processing and understanding diabetes related information despite the existence of translated materials and translators. Design: This qualitative study employed purposive sampling. Six focus groups and two individual interviews were conducted. Each group discussion lasted approximately 90 min and was guided by semistructured and open-ended questions. Setting: Data were collected in two community health centres and one elderly retirement village in Los Angeles, California. Participants: 29 Chinese immigrants aged ≥45 years and diagnosed with type 2 diabetes for at least 1 year. Results: Eight key themes were found to potentially affect Chinese immigrants' capacity to obtain, communicate, process and understand diabetes related health information and consequently alter their decision making in self-care. Among the themes, three major categories emerged: cultural factors, structural barriers, and personal barriers. Conclusions: Findings highlight the importance of cultural sensitivity when working with first-generation Chinese immigrants with diabetes. Implications for health professionals, local community centres and other potential service providers are discussed.
Data from: Integrating quantitative morphological and qualitative molecular methods to analyze soil nematode community responses to plant range expansion
1. Belowground nematodes are important for soil functioning, as they are ubiquitous and operate at various trophic levels in the soil food web. However, morphological nematode community analysis is time consuming and requires ample training. qPCR-based nematode identification techniques are well available, but high throughput sequencing (HTS) might be more suitable for non-targeted nematode community analysis. 2. We compared effectiveness of qPCR and HTS-based approaches with morphological nematode identification while examining how climate warming-induced plant range expansion may influence belowground nematode assemblages. We extracted nematodes from soil of Centaurea stoebe and C. jacea populations in Slovenia, where both plant species are native, and Germany, where C. stoebe is range expander and C. jacea is native. Half of each nematode sample was identified morphologically and the other half was analysed using targeted qPCR and a novel HTS approach. 3. HTS produced the highest taxonomic resolution of the nematode community. Nematode taxa abundances correlated between the methods. Therefore, especially relative HTS and relative morphological data revealed nearly identical ecological patterns. All methods showed lower numbers of plant feeding nematodes in rhizosphere soils of C. stoebe compared to C. jacea. However, a profound difference was observed between absolute and relative abundance data; both sampling origin and plant species affected relative abundances of bacterivorous nematodes, whereas there was no effect on absolute abundances. 4. Taken together, as HTS correlates with relative analyses of soil nematode communities, while providing highest taxonomic resolution and sample throughput, we propose a combination of HTS with microscopic counting to supplement important quantitative data on soil nematode communities. This provides the most cost-effective, in-depths methodology to study soil nematode community responses to changes in the environment. This methodology will also be applicable to nematode analyses in aquatic systems.
Data from: Inner conflict in patients receiving oral anti-cancer agents: a qualitative study
Objectives: To explore the experiences of patients receiving oral anticancer agents. Design: A qualitative study using semistructured interviews with a grounded theory approach. Setting: A university hospital in Japan. Participants :14 patients with gastric cancer who managed their cancer with oral anticancer agents. Results: Patients with cancer experienced inner conflict between rational belief and emotional resistance to taking medication due to confrontation with cancer, doubt regarding efficacy and concerns over potential harm attached to use of the agent. Although they perceived themselves as being adherent to medication, they reported partial non-adherent behaviours. The patients reassessed their lives through the experience of inner conflict and, ultimately, they recognised their role in medication therapy. Conclusions: Patients with cancer experienced inner conflict, in which considerable emotional resistance to taking their medication affected their occasional non-adherent behaviours. In patient-centred care, it is imperative that healthcare providers understand patients' inner conflict and inconsistency between their subjective view and behaviour to support patient adherence.
Data from: A qualitative study on the development and rectification of advanced medical students' misconceptions about the physiological electrocardiogram (ECG)
<p><strong>Purpose:</strong> The study takes a qualitative and explorative approach to capture the concepts that German medical students have of the physiological electrocardiogram (ECG) which they acquired during their preclinical training. These concepts are then considered for possible misconceptions. Afterwards a theory-based intervention which allows subjects to see the connection of the curve progression with the spatial spreading of excitation (animated vector loop) is put to the test.</p> <p><strong>Methods:</strong> In the course of a diagnosis of learning potentials, individual students participated in problem-centred, guided interviews. The developed intervention was tested in separately conducted teaching experiments using thinking aloud protocols. The data evaluation was done through qualitative content analysis. Based on the conceptual metaphor theory, conceptions and their underlying embodied cognition were analysed.</p> <p><strong>Results: </strong>One of the subjects' typical misinterpretations is taking the progression of the ECG tracing for a mere increase and decrease of the myocardium's electrical activity, rather than connecting it with its spatial and temporal aspects. The data evaluation has shown that the newly developed theory-based intervention can lead to re-learning. Reconstructed metaphorical concepts illustrate this process of understanding. It is exemplarily shown how, through the course of the interviews, students are enabled to appropriately explain ECGs as the two-dimensional representation of the spatial excitation propagation in the heart.</p> <p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>By capturing typical misconceptions of the physiological electrocardiogram and demonstrating interventions that support learning, the study provides a contribution to comprehensive learning which can be used in the basic education of medical students.</p>
Data for qualitative analysis of Expressive Writings
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"Narrative Interview" intervention in Oncology: Qualitative and Quantitative Data
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Data for producing two circle plots showing agreement in qualitative statements from several informants
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Data used in the paper_ Analyzing innovation in museums through qualitative comparative analysis
<p>Data used in the three models of the paper published in Knowledge Management Research & Practice (https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14778238.2019.1601505?journalCode=tkmr20).</p> <p>Please, cite as follows:</p> <p>Blanca de Miguel Molina, Rafael Boix Domenech & María de Miguel Molina (2019) Analysing innovation in museums through qualitative comparative analysis, Knowledge Management Research & Practice, 17:2, 213-226, DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/14778238.2019.1601505">10.1080/14778238.2019.1601505</a></p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Design and Specification Practices of APIs for GenAI: A Qualitative Study - Master Thesis - All the data used in research
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Data from Hildesheim LS, Opedal ØH, Armbruster WS, Pélabon C. 2019. Quantitative and qualitative consequences of reduced pollen loads in a mixed-mating plant. Ecology and Evolution.
<p class="Normal1">Greater pollination intensity can enhance maternal plant fitness by increasing seed set and seed quality as a result of more intense pollen competition or enhanced genetic sampling. We tested experimentally these effects by varying the pollen load from a single pollen donor on stigmas of female flowers of <i>Dalechampia scandens </i>(Euphorbiaceae) and measuring the effects on seed number and seed mass.<b> </b>Seed set increased rapidly with pollen number at low to moderate pollen loads, and a maximum set of three seeds occurred with a mean pollen load of 19 pollen grains. We did not detect a trade-off between the number of seeds and seed mass within a fruit. Seed mass increased with increasing pollen load, supporting the hypothesis of enhanced seed quality via increased pollen-competition intensity or genetic sampling. These results suggest that maternal fitness increases with larger pollen loads, even when the fertilization success is already high. Our results further highlight the importance of high rates of pollen arrival onto stigmas, as mediated by reliable pollinators. Comparing the pollen-to-seed response curve obtained in this experiment with those observed in natural populations suggests that pollen limitation may be more severe in natural populations than detected in greenhouse studies. The results also indicate that declining pollinator abundance may decrease seed quality before an effect on seed set is detected.</p>
Figure 2 from: Mossakowski D, Dormann W (2011) A plea for using qualitative aspects in the interpretation of ecological field data as revealed by carabid beetle assemblages of a pristine salt marsh. ZooKeys 100: 273-286. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.100.1532
Figure 2 - IndVals at different levels in the UPGMA tree. Result for a single species, Dicheirotrichus gustavii, calculated by the original IndVal program. Eight values of the nine levels are significant. Data: abundance/frequency data. 7/4: a total of seven specimens were found in four of the five traps. Sites 102 and 103 are omitted.
Figure 1 from: Mossakowski D, Dormann W (2011) A plea for using qualitative aspects in the interpretation of ecological field data as revealed by carabid beetle assemblages of a pristine salt marsh. ZooKeys 100: 273-286. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.100.1532
Figure 1 - Result of a cluster analysis using Relative Euclidean distances and Ward's method. Most traps of the site at the lowest elevation (-20 cm below MHW) cluster with those of 100 cm above MHW. Arrow: One trap of -20 behaves differently.
Figure 3 from: Mossakowski D, Dormann W (2011) A plea for using qualitative aspects in the interpretation of ecological field data as revealed by carabid beetle assemblages of a pristine salt marsh. ZooKeys 100: 273-286. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.100.1532
Figure 3 - Results of the IndVal procedure depend on the tree used. Data: abundance/frequency of Cillenus lateralis along the elevation gradient. 3/3: a total of three specimens was found in three of the five traps. Sites 102 and 103 are omitted.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.