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455 results for “Range expansion”
Aligning renewable energy expansion with climate-driven range shifts
<p>Fossil fuel dependence can be reduced, in part, by renewable energy (RE) expansion. Increasingly, RE siting seeks to avoid significant impacts on biodiversity but rarely considers how species ranges will shift under climate change. Here, we undertake a systematic literature review on the topic and overlay future RE siting maps with the ranges of two threatened species under future climate scenarios to highlight this potential conflict.</p>
Data from: Plant-soil interactions during the native and exotic range expansion of an annual plant
<p>Range expansions, whether they are biological invasions or climate change-mediated range shifts, may have profound ecological and evolutionary consequences for plant-soil interactions. Range-expanding plants encounter soil biota with which they have a limited coevolutionary history, especially when introduced to a new continent. Past studies have found mixed results on whether plants experience positive or negative soil feedback interactions in their novel range, and these effects often change over time. One important theoretical explanation is that plants locally adapt to the soil pathogens and mutualists in their novel range. We tested this hypothesis in <em>Dittrichia graveolens</em>, an annual plant that is both expanding its European native range, initially coinciding with climate warming, and rapidly invading California, after human introduction. In parallel greenhouse experiments on both continents, we used plant genotypes and soils from five locations at the core and edge of each range to compare plant growth in soil from <em>D. graveolens </em>populations and nearby control microsites as a measure of plant-soil feedback. Plant-soil interactions were highly idiosyncratic across sites in each range. On average, plant-soil feedbacks were more positive in the native range than in the exotic range. In line with the strongly heterogeneous pattern of soil responses along our biogeographic gradients, we found no evidence for evolutionary differentiation between plant genotypes from the core to the edge of either range. Our results suggest that the evolution of plant-soil interactions during range expansion may be more strongly driven by local evolutionary dynamics varying across the range than by large-scale biogeographic shifts.</p>
GPS tracking data for: Male mating season range expansion results from an increase in scale of daily movements for a polygynous-promiscuous bird
<p>Males of species with promiscuous mating systems are commonly observed to use larger ranges during the mating season relative to non-mating seasons, which is often attributed to a change in movements related to reproductive activities. However, few studies link seasonal range sizes to variations in daily space use patterns to provide insight into the behavioral mechanisms underlying mating season range expansion. We studied 20 GPS-tagged male wild turkeys (<em>Meleagris gallopavo</em>), a large upland gamebird, during the mating and summer non-mating seasons to test the hypothesis that larger mating season ranges resulted from male wild turkeys expanding the scale of daily movement activities to locate and court females. We delineated mating and non-mating seasons based on the intensity of gobbling, a vocalization tied to courtship behavior, recorded by autonomous recording units distributed across the study area. Mating season ranges were significantly larger than non-mating season ranges. Daily ranges were larger in the mating season, as were distances between roost sites used on consecutive nights. Variance in daily range size was greater in the mating season, but low temporal autocorrelation suggested considerable daily variability in both seasons. We found no evidence that male wild turkeys changed how they distributed daily movements within seasonal ranges, or differences in habitat use, suggesting larger mating season ranges result from male wild turkeys increasing the scale of their daily movements, rather than a systematic shift to a nomadic movement strategy. Likely, the distribution of females is more dynamic and ephemeral compared to other resources, prompting males to traverse larger daily ranges during the mating season to locate and court females. Our work illustrates the utility of using daily movement to understand the behavioral process underlying larger space use patterns.</p>
When expansion stalls: an extension to the concept of range pinning in ecology
Identifying the factors modulating range expansion is essential to accurately predict changes in the spatial distribution of populations. By preventing population growth after dispersal, Allee effects can lead to front stops in discrete space, called 'pinning' if permanent. However, other mechanisms, such as positive density-dependent dispersal, have also been shown to affect the rate of range expansion and generate discrete-space front stops, albeit temporarily. In this study, we investigated the stability of the front stops generated by such mechanisms in relation to the carrying capacity of the environment. To this end, we performed artificial range expansions in discrete space using stochastic simulations and microcosm experiments. Simulation results confirmed that density-dependent dispersal alone can generate sustained front stops, albeit for a limited range of carrying capacities. We also highlighted the synergy between Allee effects and density-dependent dispersal on pinning emergence. Experimental results, obtained using a model species known to exhibit density-dependent dispersal, but without Allee effects, confirmed the model results. Furthermore, our study raises the issue of carefully considering the conditions for pinning stability, in a stochastic context and depending on the time-scale considered.
Data from: Wildfire catalyzes upward range expansion of trembling aspen in southern Rocky Mountain beetle-killed forests
<p>In this study, we assessed whether recent wildfires and spruce beetle outbreaks promoted upward range expansion of trembling aspen (<i>Populus tremuloides</i>) in the San Juan Mountains of southern Colorado. We assessed aerial imagery for presence/absence of aspen in the study area and ground truthed a subset of these points to compare the aerial imagery analysis with field records of aspen. From these data we determined the upper elevational limit of aspen in the study area before fire. We then conducted field surveys at and above the upper elevational limit of aspen in burned and unburned, but beetle killed areas and collected data on stand structure, surface cover, seedling density and microsite conditions associated with seedlings. </p>
Demographic, physiological, and genetic factors linked to poleward range expansion along the shoreline of China
<p><span>Distribution </span><span>range expansion is one of the most significant consequences of climate change in the Anthropocene. During range expansion, the former biogeographic barrier can be broken and then a new biogeographic pattern might appear. A comprehensive study, including demographic pattern, physiological performance and genetic features, is crucial for understanding how the expanding population occupies and survives in the new habitat, within which it formerly did not occur. In the present study, we investigated the demographic, physiological, and genetic features of the intertidal gastropod </span><span><em>Nerita yoldii</em>, which has extended its northern limit by ~200 km into areas that are warming up faster than the historical distribution over the former biogeographic break of the Yangtze River Estuary (YRE) during recent decades. The neutral SNPs data showed that the new marginal populations formed a distinct cluster established by a few founders. Demographic modeling analysis revealed that the new marginal populations experienced strong genetic bottlenecks followed by recent demographic expansion. Successful expansion that overcomes the founder effect (reduced genetic variation) might be attributed to its high capacity of rapid population growth and multiple introductions. According to the non-neutral SNPs under diversifying selection, there were high levels of heterozygosity in the new marginal populations, which might be beneficial for adapting to the novel thermal conditions. The common garden experiment showed that the new marginal populations have evolved divergent transcriptomic and physiological responses to heat stress, allowing them to occupy and survive in the novel environment. Our study also reveals a fast loss of </span><span>transcriptional</span><span> plasticity in the new marginal populations, potentially contributing to local adaptation. These results suggest a new biogeographic pattern for the snail <em>N. yoldii</em> has formed with the occurrence of demographic, physiologic and genetic changes, and emphasize the roles of adaptation of marginal populations during distribution range expansion.</span></p>
Data from: Lineage-specific trait variations and plasticity of obligate parthenogenetic animals following the expansion of distribution range to a continental archipelago.
<p><span>Two asexual lineages, JPN1 and JPN2, of panarctic <em>Daphnia pulex</em> expanded the distribution range to Japan from North America, independent of each other. According to the mutation rates within these lineages, JPN1 lineage colonized Japan earlier than JPN2 lineage. Moreover, the ratio of nonsynonymous to synonymous mutation rates (dN/dS) was lower in JPN1 than in JPN2 lineage.</span></p> <p><span>Accordingly, it is hypothesized that variations of phenotypic traits differ between these two lineages. In addition, since they are obligate parthenogenetic animals, the lineage occupying a larger distribution range should have a larger phenotypic plasticity. To test these hypotheses, we experimentally examined the phenotypic variations of fitness-related traits, including digestive, life history and morphological traits, among several genotypes of these lineages.</span></p> <p><span>We found that within-lineage variations of most traits were smaller in JPN1 than in JPN2. In addition, the overall phenotypic variations were also smaller within the JPN1 lineage than within the JPN2 lineage. These results support the idea that the JPN1 lineage has been more efficiently subjected to negative selection, as expected from the lower dN/dS ratio.</span></p> <p><span>However, the magnitude of the phenotypic plasticity to changing food levels was at the same level for both the JPN1 and JPN2 lineages, while variations found in the phenotypic plasticity were smaller in the JPN1 lineage. The difference in the variations of the phenotypic traits and plasticity between the two lineages suggests that these two lineages have evolved under somewhat different environmental conditions and that genotypes of the JPN2 lineage may have exploited niches that differed somewhat from that of the JPN1 genotypes.</span></p>
Data and code for: Climate change expected to improve digestive rate and trigger range expansion in outbreaking locusts
<p>Data and code for "Climate change expected to improve digestive rate and trigger range expansion in outbreaking locusts," accepted in <em>Ecological Monographs</em></p>
Data from: Coyote diet in North America: geographic and ecological patterns during range expansion
<p>This dataset was used to review and analyze coyote diets across North America in "Coyote diets in North America: geographic and ecological patterns during range expansion" by Jensen et al. in Mammal Review. We only include data from studies that reported data as percent frequency of occurrence and from multiple seasons. We ultimately used 93 of the included studies (294 seasonal records) in our analyses.</p>
Data supporting: Drivers of individual-based, antagonistic interaction networks during plant range expansion
<p><span>1. Range expansion in plant populations, especially at the colonization front, can be either limited by disproportionately large effects of antagonistic interactions or facilitated by their release. How the strength of antagonistic interactions changes along successional gradients during range expansion is still poorly documented, especially when diverse assemblages of plant antagonists (rodents, invertebrates, and birds) combine within interaction networks.</span></p> <p><span>2. We study the changes in individual-based, predispersal seed-pulp predator networks along a colonization gradient in a rapidly-expanding <em>Juniperus phoenicea</em> population in Doñana National Park (SW Spain). Additionally, we analysed the role of individual plant traits and neighbourhood attributes in network configuration by using Exponential Random Graph Models.</span></p> <p><span>3. Seven seed-pulp consumer animal species varied significantly in their frequency of interaction and prevalence. While invertebrate species were well established in old and intermediately mature stands, greenfinch (<em>Chloris chloris</em>) was dominant at the colonization front. Variable species roles and spread of interactions among individual plants generated changes in the configuration of interactions during plant expansion.</span></p> <p><span>4. Individual plant traits strongly determined the topology of these networks, although with differences between stands. Increasing individual crop size and seeds per cone increased the interaction odds of individual plants, while seed viability showed the opposite effect. The network topology at the colonization front appeared less driven by individual traits, possibly because of the short interaction history of this recently established area. The disproportionately large effect of <em>C. chloris</em> in these recently established stands, potentially resulted in large seed losses during range expansion.</span></p> <p><span>5.</span><em><span> Synthesis</span></em><span>. Turnover of antagonistic interactions, characterized the colonization front, resulting in more heterogeneous interaction strengths among individual plants. We found no evidence for a complete or sizeable antagonistic release of <em>J. phoenicea</em> at the colonization front promoting this rapid expansion. It becomes necessary to explore interactions with seed dispersers to understand how antagonistic and mutualistic plant-animal interactions balance during range expansion. Our study highlights the importance of an individual-based approach in understanding how interactions are structured and driven in natural changing landscapes.</span></p>
Population expansion, divergence, and persistence in western fence lizards (Sceloporus occidentalis) at the northern extreme of their distributional range
<p>Population dynamics within species at the edge of their distributional range, including the formation of genetic structure during range expansion, are difficult to study when they have had limited time to evolve. Western Fence Lizards (<em>Sceloporus occidentalis</em>) have a patchy distribution at the northern edge of their range around the Puget Sound, Washington, where they almost exclusively occur on imperiled coastal habitats. The entire region was covered by Pleistocene glaciation as recently as 16,000 years ago, suggesting that populations must have colonized these habitats relatively recently. We tested for population differentiation across this landscape using genome-wide SNPs and morphological data. A time-calibrated species tree supports the hypothesis of a post-glacial establishment and subsequent population expansion into the region. Despite a strong signal for fine-scale population genetic structure across the Puget Sound with as many as 8–10 distinct subpopulations supported by the SNP data, there is minimal evidence for morphological differentiation at this same spatiotemporal scale. Historical demographic analyses suggest that populations expanded and diverged across the region as the Cordilleran Ice Sheet receded. Population isolation, lack of dispersal corridors, and strict habitat requirements are the key drivers of population divergence in this system. These same factors may prove detrimental to the future persistence of populations as they cope with increasing shoreline development associated with urbanization.</p>
Population dynamics of Amazonian floodplain forest species support spatial variation on genetic diversity but not range expansions through time
<p><strong>Aim: </strong>We tested if historical demographic changes of populations occurring on the floodplains of a major Amazon Basin tributary could be associated with range expansions from upper and middle sections of the river, following the establishment of widespread river-created environments during the Late Pleistocene and Holocene.</p> <p><strong>Location: </strong>Solimões River, Western Amazon, South America.</p> <p><strong>Taxon: </strong><em>Myrmoborus lugubris</em>, <em>Thamnophilus cryptoleucus</em> and <em>Myrmotherula assimilis</em>.</p> <p><strong>Methods:</strong> We explored spatial patterns of genetic diversity and connectivity among sampled localities using thousands of Ultra-Conserved Elements. Range expansions were tested with alternative methods. We quantified habitat preference for the analyzed species to test whether the occupation of dynamic habitats could predict spatial patterns of genetic diversity.</p> <p><strong>Results: </strong>Our study did not support shared population range expansions related to historical regionalized changes in habitat availability. We found considerable variation in the spatial distribution of the genetic diversity between studied taxa, and that species with higher levels of specialization to dynamic environments have a more heterogeneous distribution of genetic diversity and reduced levels of gene flow across space.</p> <p><strong>Main conclusions:</strong> Our results suggest that demographic expansions along the Solimões River might be linked to spatially homogeneous oscillation in the distribution of floodplain environments, promoting effective population size changes but not range expansion. We found that habitat specificity might be a good predictor of population connectivity along the Amazonian floodplains.</p>
Data from: Paleoclimatic changes resulted in range expansion and subsequent divergence in brown fur seals, Arctocephalus pusillus
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>Past climatic change as a driving force of marine diversification is still largely unclear, particularly for Southern Hemisphere species. Here, we present a case study using the brown fur seal, <em>Arctocephalus pusillus,</em> and assess the geographical structure and demographic history using mitochondrial and nuclear data. Results show the two previously defined subspecies (one from Australia and the other from Southern Africa) are phylogeographically distinct. Migration analyses based on nuclear data suggest the absence of migrants among the two genetically close assemblages. The demographic history of <em>A. pusillus</em> is characterized by a glacial population expansion (~18 Kya) in the Southern African taxon, which coincides with time estimates of population expansion of prey species of seals. Approximate Bayesian Calculations support an eastward dispersal event during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) when sea levels were lower, followed by a postglacial divergence event, ~ 13 Kya. The demographic history of the brown fur seal in the Southern Oceans provides support that recent paleoclimatic changes could have facilitated expansions in some marine species and that postglacial sea-level rise may have acted as a dispersal barrier for species mostly confined to continental shelves. </span></p>
Dispersal and coastal geomorphology limit potential for mangrove range expansion under climate change
<p>Latitudinal range limits for mangroves on high-energy, wave-dominated coasts are controlled by geomorphological features and estuarine dynamics. Mangroves reach a southern global range limit along the South African coastline, but the distribution is patchy, with stands occurring in only 16% of the estuaries in the region. Yet, the persistence of forests planted >50 years ago beyond the natural distribution limit suggests that additional estuaries could support mangroves. Understanding regional drivers is necessary to inform global scale estimates for how this important ecosystem is predicted to respond to climate change.</p> <p>Here, we combine species distribution modeling (MaxEnt), Lagrangian particle tracking using an eddy- and tide-resolving numerical ocean model, and connectivity matrices, to identify suitable mangrove habitats at present, as well as under the IPCC RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 climate scenarios.</p> <p>Within the current South African distribution range (± 900 km), eight more estuaries were identified as suitable under contemporary conditions. When considering potential range extension (± 110 km), an additional 14 suitable estuaries were identified. Connectivity matrices suggest limited long-distance dispersal, stranding mostly at or near the release location, and a decreased probability of connectivity towards the range limit. Under both future climate scenarios, 30% of estuaries currently supporting mangroves are predicted to become unsuitable, while an additional six estuaries beyond the current distribution are predicted to become suitable. However, there is limited connectivity between these new sites and established forests.</p> <p><em>Synthesis</em>: This study shows that dispersal substantially limits mangrove distribution at the southern African range limit and highlights the importance of including this process in species distribution models. Ultimately, our results provide new insight for mangrove conservation and management at range limits that are not controlled predominantly by temperature, as it has been assumed that mangroves will largely expand to higher latitudes under climate change.</p>
Plasticity and associated epigenetic mechanisms play a role in thermal evolution during range expansion
<p>Due to global change many species are shifting their distribution and are thereby confronted with novel thermal conditions at the moving range edges. <span>Especially during the initial phases of exposure to a new environment, it has been hypothesized that plasticity and associated epigenetic mechanisms enable species to cope with environmental change.</span> We tested this idea by capitalizing on the well-documented southward range expansion of the damselfly Ischnura elegans from France into Spain where the species has invaded warmer regions in the 1950s in eastern Spain (old edge region) and in the 2010s in central Spain (new edge region). Using a common garden experiment at rearing temperatures matching the ancestral and invaded thermal regimes, we tested for evolutionary changes in (thermal plasticity in) larval life history and heat tolerance in these expansion zones. Through the use of de- and hypermethylating agents we tested whether epigenetic mechanisms play a role in enabling heat tolerance during expansion. We used the phenotype of the native sister species in Spain, I. graellsii, as proxy for the locally adapted phenotype. New edge populations converged towards the phenotype of the native species through plastic thermal responses in life history and heat tolerance while old edge populations (partly) constitutively evolved a faster life history and higher heat tolerance than the core populations, thereby matching the native species. Only the heat tolerance of new edge populations increased significantly when exposed to the hypermethylating agent. This suggests that the DNA methylation machinery is more amenable to perturbation at the new edge and shows it is able to play a role in achieving a higher heat tolerance. Our results show that both (evolved) plasticity as well as associated epigenetic mechanisms are initially important when facing new thermal regimes but that their importance diminishes with time.</p>
Pacific salmon in the Canadian Arctic highlight a range-expansion pathway for sub-Arctic fishes
<p>The R code and data to support the manuscript "Pacific salmon in the Canadian Arctic highlight a range-expansion pathway for sub-Arctic fishes" published by Dunmall & Langan et al. 2024 in Global Change Biology. Briefly, this study investigated the mechanisms behind variable, rising catches of Pacific salmon by subsistence fishers in the Canadian Arctic. Detailed descritptions of the data and the performed analyses are provided in the associated manuscript.</p>
Data from: Dietary plasticity and broad North Atlantic origins inferred from bulk and amino acid-specific δ15N and δ13C favor killer whale range expansions into Arctic waters
<p>Killer whales (<em>Orcinus orca</em>) occur seasonally in the eastern Canadian Arctic (ECA), where their range expansion associated with declining sea ice have raised questions about the impacts of increasing killer whale predation pressure on Arctic-endemic prey. We assessed diet and distribution of ECA killer whales using bulk and compound specific stable isotope analysis (CSIA) of amino acids (AA) of 54 skin biopsies collected from 2009-2020 around Baffin Island, Canada. Bulk ECA killer whale skin δ15N and δ13C values did not overlap with potential Arctic prey after adjustment for trophic discrimination, and instead reflected foraging history in the North Atlantic prior to their arrival in the ECA. Adjusted killer whale stable isotope (SI) values primarily overlapped with several species of North Atlantic baleen whales or tuna. Amino acid (AA)-specific δ15N values indicated the ECA killer whales fed primarily on marine mammals, having similar glutamic acid δ15N – phenylalanine δ15N (δ15NGlx-Phe) and threonine δ15N (δ15NThr) as mammal-eating killer whales from the eastern North Pacific (ENP) that served as a comparative framework. However, one ECA whale grouped with the fish-eating ENP ecotype based δ15NThr. Distinctive essential AA δ13C of ECA killer whale groups, along with bulk SI similarity to killer whales from different regions of the North Atlantic, indicate different populations converge in Arctic waters from a broad source area. Generalist diet and long-distance dispersal capacity favor range expansions, and integration of these insights will be critical for assessing ecological impacts of increasing killer whale predation pressure on Arctic-endemic species.</p>
Mate-choice copying accelerates species range expansion
<p>Mate-choice copying is a type of social learning in which females can change their mate preference after observing the choice of others. This behaviour can potentially affect population evolution and ecology, namely through increased dispersal and reduced local adaptation. Here, we simulated the effects of mate-choice copying in populations expanding across an environmental gradient to understand whether it can accelerate or retard the expansion process. Two mate-choice copying strategies were used: when females target a single individual, and when females target similar individuals. We also simulated cases where the male trait singled out by females with mate-choice maps perfectly onto their genotype or is influenced by genotype-by-environment interactions. These rules have different effects on the results. When a trait is determined by genotype alone, populations where copier females target all similar males expand faster, and the number of potential copiers increases. However, when preference is determined by genotype-by-environment interactions, populations where copier females target a single male have higher dispersal and also expand faster, but the potential number of copiers decreases. The results show that mate-choice copying can accelerate the expansion process, although its adaptiveness depends on the information animals use in different contexts.</p>
Fig. 4 in Potential Global Range Expansion Of A New Invasive Species, The Erythrina Gall Wasp, Quadrastichus Erythrinae Kim (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)
Fig. 4. Potential expansion areas of erythrina gall wasp in Hawaii.
Fig. 5 in Potential Global Range Expansion Of A New Invasive Species, The Erythrina Gall Wasp, Quadrastichus Erythrinae Kim (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)
Fig. 5. Potential expansion areas of erythrina gall wasp in Taiwan.
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