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101 results for “Reproduction: investment”
Data from: Male age mediates reproductive investment and response to paternity assurance
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Data from: Comparison of reproductive investment in native and non-native populations of common wall lizards reveals sex differences in adaptive potential.
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Data from: Investment in territorial defence relates to recent reproductive success in common loons Gavia immer
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Data from: Chronology of reproductive investment determines predation risk aversion in a felid-ungulate system
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Age-specific fecundity under pathogenic threat in an insect: terminal investment versus reproductive restraint
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Data from: Rare events of massive plant reproductive investment lead to long-term density-dependent reproductive success
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Data from: Individual consistency and phenotypic plasticity in rockhopper penguins: female but not male body mass links environmental conditions to reproductive investment
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Late-life reproduction in an insect: terminal investment, reproductive restraint or senescence
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Data from: Experimental food supplementation reveals habitat-dependent male reproductive investment in a migratory bird
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Data from: Shifts in reproductive investment in response to competitors lowers male reproductive success
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The developmental high-wire: Balancing resource investment in immunity and reproduction
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Reproductive effort and terminal investment in a multi-species assemblage of Amazon electric fish
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Data from: Modification of reproductive schedule in response to pathogen exposure in a wild insect: support for the terminal investment hypothesis
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Fig 2 from: Wilson JD, Anner SC, Murphy SM, Tinghitella RM (2020) Consequences of advanced maternal age on reproductive investment of male offspring. Journal of Orthoptera Research 29(1): 71-76. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.29.39228
Fig 2 Reproductive investment of male offspring by treatment. For all male offspring from both maternal age treatments: A. Testes mass; B. Spermatophore mold mass. There were no significant differences between treatments for either measure. Bars represent least square means ± SE.
Fig 1 from: Wilson JD, Anner SC, Murphy SM, Tinghitella RM (2020) Consequences of advanced maternal age on reproductive investment of male offspring. Journal of Orthoptera Research 29(1): 71-76. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.29.39228
Fig 1 A diagram of our experimental mating design. We mated females at either a young age (7 days after eclosion to adulthood) or an old age (25 days after eclosion to adulthood) for two subsequent generations, then measured three proxies of reproductive investment in males of the F3 generation. The F3 families from the Old treatment were the offspring of 8 founding females and the F3 families from the Young treatment were the offspring of 7 founding females.
Patterns of annual and seasonal immune investment in a temporal reproductive opportunist
<p> Historically, investigations of how organismal investments in immunity fluctuate in response to environmental and physiological changes have focused on seasonally breeding organisms that confine reproduction to seasons with relatively unchallenging environmental conditions and abundant resources. The red crossbill, <i>Loxia curvirostra,</i> is<i> </i>a songbird that can breed opportunistically if conifer seeds are abundant, on both short, cold, and long, warm days, providing an ideal system to investigate environmental and reproductive effects on immunity. In this study, we measured inter- and intra-annual variation in complement, natural antibodies, PIT54, and leukocytes in crossbills across four summers (2010-2013) and multiple seasons within one year (summer 2011-spring 2012). Overall, we observed substantial changes in crossbill immune investment among summers, with interannual variation driven largely by food resources, while variation across multiple seasons within a single cone year was less pronounced and lacked a dominant predictor of immune investment. However, we found weak evidence that physiological processes (e.g., reproductive condition, moult) or abiotic factors (e.g., temperature, precipitation) affect immune investment. Collectively, this study suggests that a reproductively flexible organism may be able to invest in both reproduction and survival-related processes, potentially by exploiting rich patches with abundant resources. More broadly, these results emphasize the need for more longitudinal studies of trade-offs associated with immune investment.</p>
Parental investment does not directly affect reproductive success in the Saffron Finch
<p>In tropical species, the study of parental care and the description of the intraspecific variation of parental care remain relatively understudied, especially when compared to the vast works dedicated to species from the northern hemisphere. In Colombia, the Saffron Finch (<i>Sicalis flaveola</i>), is a species with a wide geographical distribution, and despite its abundance in open habitats and urban environments, little is known about its reproductive ecology. As a small‐bodied, short‐lived passerine, we postulated that the Saffron Finch should behave according to the "reproductive value hypothesis,'' investing in the current brood at the expense of future survival. Consequently, we predicted: (1) that parental investment would be associated with brood size and (2) parental investment would be positively associated with nestling growth rate and reproductive success (defined as the number of nestlings which reached fledging age). In 2018, two reproductive peaks of <i>S. flaveola flaveola</i> were documented in the Meléndez campus of Universidad del Valle, Cali. Direct observations and video cameras (> 1700 hours of recording) were used to monitor the nests from 38 different breeding pairs. We found that feeding visits and the number of regurgitation events were positively related to brood size. In an experiment of simulated nest predation, 85% of breeding pairs responded to the stimulus and parents who exhibited highly responsive behaviours (50%) raised nestlings with a higher growth rate. We also found that egg surface area positively affected the number of incubation bouts per hour. Whilst no relationship was found between overall parental investment and reproductive success, our results appear to show that the intensity of parental investment during reproduction was modulated by brood size. Our findings suggest that there are multiple ecological factors that influence reproductive success in the Saffron Finch, and reinforce the need for longer term studies of tropical passerines.</p>
Data from: Anthropogenic noise reduces male reproductive investment in an acoustically signaling insect
<p>Rapidly changing environments impose novel selection pressures on organisms, and sometimes adaptive phenotypic plasticity allows organisms to survive and reproduce in the face of environmental change. However, plastic responses can also be maladaptive. In this study, we investigate whether male reproductive investment responds plastically to varied experience with traffic noise. We exposed male crickets chronically to one of three noise treatments from the 2<sup>nd</sup>-3<sup>rd</sup>instar until their natural death: masking traffic noise (including noise that overlaps in frequency with the male crickets' mating calls), non-masking traffic noise (an identical traffic noise track from which we digitally removed the frequencies that mask the crickets' mating call), and silence. We dissected and weighed their testes and spermatophore molds. Controlling for body mass, we found that the spermatophore molds of crickets reared in masking and non-masking noise were 29% and 24% lighter, respectively, than those of crickets reared in silence There were no differences in body mass adjusted testes mass among treatments. If spermatophore mold mass is positively associated with male reproductive output, this reduction in size could have negative fitness consequences for animals exposed to traffic noise. We encourage future work to investigate impacts of noise on reproductive investment in other study systems that are likely sensitive to anthropogenic noise (e.g., birds, frogs, singing insects).</p>
Data from: Sexual cannibalism increases male material investment in offspring: quantifying terminal reproductive effort in a praying mantis
Models of the evolution of sexual cannibalism argue that males may offset the cost of cannibalism if components of the male body are directly allocated to the eggs that they fertilize. We tested this idea in the praying mantid Tenodera sinensis. Males and females were fed differently radiolabelled crickets and allowed to mate. Half of the pairs progressed to sexual cannibalism and we prevented cannibalism in the other half. We assess the relative allocation of both male-derived somatic materials and ejaculate materials into the eggs and soma of the female. Our results show that male somatic investment contributes to production of offspring. The eggs and reproductive tissues of cannibalistic females contained significantly more male-derived amino acids than those of non-cannibalistic females, and there was an increase in the number of eggs produced subsequent to sexual cannibalism. Sexual cannibalism thus increases male material investment in offspring. We also show that males provide substantial investment via the ejaculate, with males passing about 25% of their radiolabelled amino acids to females via the ejaculate even in the absence of cannibalism.
Data from: A trade-off between reproductive investment and maternal cerebellum size in a precocial bird
Natural selection favours increased investment in reproduction, yet considerable variation in parental investment is observed in natural populations. Life-history theory predicts that this variation is maintained by a trade-off between the benefits of increased reproductive investment and its associated costs for the parents. The nature of these costs of reproduction, however, remains poorly understood. The brain is an energetically highly expensive organ and increased reproductive investment may, therefore, negatively affect brain maintenance. Using artificial selection lines for high and low prenatal maternal investment in a precocial bird, the Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica), we provide experimental evidence for this hypothesis by showing that increased prenatal provisioning negatively affects the size of a particular brain region of the mother, the cerebellum. Our finding suggests that cognitive demands may constrain the evolution of parental investment, and vice versa, contributing to the maintenance of variation in reproductive behaviour in animal populations.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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