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30,334 results for “Response”
Labels for Emergency Response Imagery from Hurricane Barry, Delta, Dorian, Florence, Ida, Isaias, Laura, Michael, Sally, Zeta, and Tropical Storm Gordon
<p>The csv files contain human-generated labels for Emergency Response Imagery collected by US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) after Hurricane Barry, Delta, Dorian, Florence, Ida, Isaias, Laura, Michael, Sally, Zeta, and Tropical Storm Gordon. All authors contributed to labeling the imagery. All labeling was done with an open-source labeling tool (Rafique et al., 2020).</p> <p>All csv files provide the userID (the ID of the anonymous labeler), the NOAA flight, the NOAA image, and 6 labels — allWater (if the image was all water), devType (if the image had buildings/development), washoverType (if the image had washover deposits), dmgType (if the image showed damage to built environment), impactType (if the labeler could identify the coastal impact, using the Storm Impact Scale from Sallenger, 2000), and terrainType (the type of physical environment).</p> <p>Images labeled here correspond to multiple NOAA flights — all listed in the csv file for each jpeg image. These jpeg images can be downloaded directly from NOAA (https://storms.ngs.noaa.gov/) or using Moretz et al. (2020a, 2020b).</p> <p>There are three csv files:</p> <p>ReleaseData_10172022.csv has 10,237 labels for 4250 images. These labels were generated by coastal scientists. The csv also contains the Latitude and Longitude of the image center (from NOAA).</p> <p>ReleaseDataQuads.csv has 400 labels for 100 images. These labels were generated by coastal scientists. The images labeled in this set correspond to original NOAA images that have been split into quadrants. Splitting images was done with ImageMagick. The command used to split the images was:</p> <p>`magick mogrify -crop 2x2@ +repage -path ../quadrants *.jpg`</p> <p>The naming convention corresponds to the image quarter — the *-0.jpg is upper left, *-1.jpg is upper right, *-2.jpg is lower left, and *-3.jpg is the lower right.</p> <p>ReleaseDataNCE.csv has 400 labels for 100 images. These images were labeled by non-coastal scientists. Note that the 100 images were also labeled by coastal scientists — those labels can be found in ReleaseData_v3.csv.</p> <p>There is another companion dataset to this, with slightly different labels (Goldstein et al., 2020).</p> <p>A zip file of images is also provided for demonstration purposes (images.zip). These are resized copies made with imagemagick, with the longest dimension set at 2000 pixels ( `mogrify -resize 2000x2000`). For full size images, please download the jpegs directly from NOAA.</p>
PsPM-trSP1: SCR, and heart beat measurement in response to aversive/neutral IAPS pictures while subjected to auditory distractors
<p>This dataset includes skin conductance response (SCR) and pulse time stamp (HB) measurements for each of 60 healthy unmedicated participants (30 males and 30 females aged 23.7 +/- 4.8 years) in response to the 45 most arousing negative, and 45 least arousing neutral IAPS pictures, each presented for 1 s each, while listening to regular or random distractor sounds, as described in Bach et al. (2015). ITI was selected randomly on each trial from 7.65 s, 9 s, or 10.35 s. The experiment was preceded by a 2-minute resting period and divided into 3 blocks, separated by resting periods. Each resting period begins and ends with an event marker in the psychophysiological recordings.</p>
PAN-AR: A Multimodal Dataset of Higher-Order Ambisonics Room Impulse Responses, Ambient Noise and Spherical Pictures
<h1>PAN-AR</h1> <p>This is <strong>PAN-AR</strong> (Panoramas, Ambient Noise & Ambisonics RIRs), a dataset described in the following <a href="https://doi.org/10.1145/3678299.3678332" target="_blank" rel="noopener">paper</a>:</p> <blockquote> <p>Filippo Denti, Davide Fantini, Federico Avanzini and Giorgio Presti. PAN-AR: A Multimodal Dataset of Higher-Order Ambisonics Room Impulse Responses, Ambient Noise and Spherical Pictures. In <em>Proceedings of the 19th International Audio Mostly Conference</em>, Milan, Italy, September 2024.</p> </blockquote> <p>The dataset includes Spatial Room Impulse Responses (SRIRs) in second-order Ambisonics format, ambient noise recordings, and spherical photos. These data have been captured in four environments with different configurations of the source and listener positions:</p> <ol> <li>Printer room</li> <li>Meeting room</li> <li>Classroom</li> <li>Underground parking area</li> </ol> <p>Panoramas and planimetries are provided in a temporary version. The final version with post-processed panoramas and complete planimetries will be available soon. An example of the final panoramas is provided for position A of the printer room, while an example of complete planimetry is provided for the printer and the meeting rooms.</p> <h2>SOFA</h2> <p>The SRIRs are also provided in SOFA format <a href="https://sofacoustics.org/data/database/pan-ar/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">here</a>.</p> <h2>How to cite</h2> <p>If you use the PAN-AR dataset, please cite the following <a href="https://doi.org/10.1145/3678299.3678332" target="_blank" rel="noopener">paper</a>:</p> <pre><code>@inproceedings{denti2024panar,</code><br><code> title = {{PAN-AR}: A Multimodal Dataset of Higher-Order Ambisonics Room Impulse Responses, Ambient Noise and Spherical Pictures},</code><br><code> author = {Denti, Filippo and Fantini, Davide and Avanzini, Federico and Presti, Giorgio},</code><br><code> year = {2024},</code><br><code> month = {September},</code><br><code> booktitle = {Proceedings of the 19th International Audio Mostly Conference (AM '24)},</code><br><code> location = {Milan, Italy},</code><br><code> publisher = {ACM},</code><br><code> isbn = {979-8-4007-0968-5/24/09},</code><br><code> doi = {10.1145/3678299.3678332}</code><br><code>}</code></pre>
Data in support of 'Mechanistic insights into plant community responses to environmental variables: genome size, cellular nutrient investments, and metabolic trade-offs.'
Data was collected to examine whether and how the plant genome size (GS) influences traits (stomata size, stomata density, cellular and tissue level carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) contents) and metabolic-tradeoffs (of photosynthesis, evapotranspiration, water-use, efficiency) of plants in treatment plots in which nothing, N, P, or NP had been annually added. Data was collected from ~500 plants from seven grassland sites that are all part of the Nutrient Network (https://nutnet.org), a globally distributed experiment in which plots have different nutrient amendment treatments that are administered identically to allow cross-site comparisons of the effects of nutrients on biodiversity patterning. The sites chosen varied along a North-South latitude, longitude, mean annual precipitation (MAP) and mean annual temperature (MAT) gradient.
Oak litter decomposition parameters across 19 Nutrient Network grassland sites in response to NPK and herbivore exclusion treatments
These data are from a study examining how herbivory and nutrient supply affect long-term aboveground decomposition. A novel oak litter was decomposed across 19 grassland sites of the Nutrient Network distributed experiment. At each site, a full-factorial experiment of combined nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium plus micronutrients ('control' or 'NPK') and mammalian herbivore exclusion ('fencing') was carried out in a randomized block design. The duration of the decomposition experiment varied by site but litter bags were harvested at approximately annual intervals for up to seven years. Litter decay parameters were calculated using four alternative statistical models of litter decomposition. Covariate data describing site and plot-level abiotic and biotic characteristics were also measured, including climate, atmospheric nitrogen deposition, live and dead aboveground biomass, and percent cover.
Soil organic carbon and nutrient dynamics in response to anaerobic digestate application to farm fields, Eastern Iowa, 2011-2023
This dataset documents a long-term, field-scale study of anaerobic digestate application on commercial croplands in eastern Iowa, USA. It includes detailed records of digestate composition, application rates, and timing, as well as soil test results collected over a 12-year period (2011–2023) from 14 agricultural fields. The dataset supports analysis of soil organic carbon (SOC), nutrient dynamics, and isotopic composition in response to digestate inputs. It contains 421 georeferenced soil samples, digestate nutrient profiles, field management histories, and spatial boundaries. The data were collected as part of a collaborative effort between researchers at Iowa State University and Sievers Family Farms to evaluate the agronomic and environmental implications of integrating anaerobic digestion into row crop and livestock systems.
Chamaecrista fasciculata Survival and Biomass in Response to Microbe Stress History and Contemporary Stress, 2018-2019
This dataset includes Chamaecrista fasciculata biomass and survival data collected as part of a greenhouse experiment that took place at Indiana University in 2018. Rhizosphere soil was collected from Chamaecrista fasciculata plants at the end of a field experiment in which plants were treated with four stress treatments: salt, herbicide, herbivory, and no stress. These field soils were used to inoculate a greenhouse experiment in which Chamaecrista fasciculata individuals from 50 manternal families were treated with these same four stress treatments in a full factorial design (4 microbe histories x 4 contemporary stress environments), plus a sterile microbial control treatment. We measured the days to first flower, noted when plants never flowered (i.e., did not survive to flower), and measured aboveground biomass.
Ecosystem Responses to Hurricanes across North America, the Caribbean, and Taiwan; 1985 to 2018
Tropical cyclones play an increasingly important role in shaping ecosystems. Understanding and generalizing their responses is challenging because of meteorological variability among storms and its interaction with ecosystems. Data here represent the responses of ecosystems to hurricanes from across North America, the Caribbean and Taiwan. Data across a variety of ecosystems are represented here including wetlands, estuaries, marine, terrestrial and fresh water systems. These data measure a variety of different parameters to understand ecosystem response such as biogeochemical, hydrological and physical measurements as well as the abundance of mobile and sedentary biota. Meteorological data characterizing tropical cyclones are also presented and are derived from: IBTrACS: International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship Global storm track data set for all recorded low pressure systems and tropical cyclones dating back to 1842. Data includes timestamped spatial information on storm center location as well as meteorological readings of wind speed, wind direction, and barometric pressure. Most importantly for the purposes of this data set, wind speeds at various distances from storm center are provided, which allows for the development of a model of wind speed with distance for different category storms. GRIDMET: University of Idaho Gridded Surface Meteorological Dataset The Gridded Surface Meteorological dataset provides high spatial resolution (~4-km) daily surface fields of temperature, precipitation, winds, humidity and radiation across the contiguous United States from 1979. The dataset blends the high resolution spatial data from PRISM with the high temporal resolution data from the National Land Data Assimilation System (NLDAS) to produce spatially and temporally continuous fields that lend themselves to additional land surface modeling. This dataset contains provisional products that are replaced with updated versions when the complete source data becom
Soil and root-associated fungal response to nitrogen and phosphorus addition from grasslands worldwide: 2011-2012.
Ecosystems across the globe receive elevated inputs of nutrients, but the consequences of this for soil fungal guilds that mediate key ecosystem functions remain unclear. We found that nitrogen and phosphorus addition to 25 grasslands distributed across four continents promoted the relative abundance of fungal pathogens, suppressed mutualists, but did not affect saprotrophs. Structural equation models suggested that responses were often indirect and primarily mediated by nutrient-induced shifts in plant communities. Nutrient addition also reduced co-occurrences within and among fungal guilds, which could have important consequences for belowground interactions. Focusing only on plots that received no nutrient addition, soil properties influenced pathogen abundance globally, whereas plant community characteristics influenced mutualists, and climate influenced saprotrophs. These guild-level responses enhance our ability to predict soil functional responses to anthropogenic eutrophication and the associated longer-term responses of plant communities to this important global change factor.
Long term response of arctic tussock tundra to thermal erosion features: A modeling analysis. Undisturbed tussock tundra
The Multiple Element Limitation (MEL) model is used to simulate the recovery of Alaskan arctic tussock tundra to thermal erosion features (TEFs) caused by permafrost thaw and mass wasting. TEFs could be significant to regional carbon (C) and nutrient budgets because permafrost soils contain large stocks of soil organic matter (SOM) and TEFs are expected to become more frequent as climate warms. These simulations deal only with recovery following TEF stabilization and do not address initial losses of C and nutrients during TEF formation. To capture the variability among and within TEFs, we simulate a range of post-stabilization conditions by varying the initial size of SOM pools and nutrient supply rates. This file contains the results for 100 years of undisturbed tussock tundra. Data is presented for day 250 of each year.
Anaktuvuk River, Alaska, USA tussock tundra flowering in response to fire severity, 2008-2015
Eriophorum vaginatum flower counts from annual photographs at the severe, moderate, and unburned Anaktuvuk River, Alaska, USA flux tower sites during peak flowering season (6/17-7/20).
Modeling the effect of explicit vs implicit representation of grazing on ecosystem carbon and nitrogen cycling in response to elevated carbon dioxide and warming in arctic tussock tundra, Alaska - Dataset A
We use a simple model of coupled carbon and nitrogen cycles in terrestrial ecosystems to examine how explicitly representing grazers versus having grazer effects implicitly aggregated in with other biogeochemical processes in the model alters predicted responses to elevated carbon dioxide and warming. The aggregated approach can affect model predictions because grazer-mediated processes can respond differently to changes in climate from the processes with which they are typically aggregated. We use small-mammal grazers in arctic tundra as an example and find that the typical three-to-four-year cycling frequency is too fast for the effects of cycle peaks and troughs to be fully manifested in the ecosystem biogeochemistry. We conclude that implicitly aggregating the effects of small-mammal grazers with other processes results in an underestimation of ecosystem response to climate change relative to estimations in which the grazer effects are explicitly represented. The magnitude of this underestimation increases with grazer density. We therefore recommend that grazing effects be incorporated explicitly when applying models of ecosystem response to global change.
Modeling the effect of explicit vs implicit representation of grazing on ecosystem carbon and nitrogen cycling in response to elevated carbon dioxide and warming in arctic tussock tundra, Alaska - Dataset B
We use a simple model of coupled carbon and nitrogen cycles in terrestrial ecosystems to examine how explicitly representing grazers versus having grazer effects implicitly aggregated in with other biogeochemical processes in the model alters predicted responses to elevated carbon dioxide and warming. The aggregated approach can affect model predictions because grazer-mediated processes can respond differently to changes in climate from the processes with which they are typically aggregated. We use small-mammal grazers in arctic tundra as an example and find that the typical three-to-four-year cycling frequency is too fast for the effects of cycle peaks and troughs to be fully manifested in the ecosystem biogeochemistry. We conclude that implicitly aggregating the effects of small-mammal grazers with other processes results in an underestimation of ecosystem response to climate change relative to estimations in which the grazer effects are explicitly represented. The magnitude of this underestimation increases with grazer density. We therefore recommend that grazing effects be incorporated explicitly when applying models of ecosystem response to global change.
Ecosystem responses to changes in climate and carbon dioxide in twelve mature ecosystems ranging from prairie to forest and from the arctic to the tropics
We use the Multiple Element Limitation (MEL) model to examine the responses of twelve ecosystems - from the arctic to the tropics and from grasslands to forests - to elevated carbon dioxide (CO2), warming, and 20% decreases or increases in annual precipitation. The ecosystems we simulated include moist acidic tundra, shrub tundra, and wet sedge tundra near Toolik Lake, Alaska, alpine dry meadow tundra near Niwot Ridge, Colorado, restored tallgrass prairie near Kellogg Biological Station, Michigan, native tallgrass prairie at the Konza Prairie, Kansas, upland and lowland boreal forest near Bonanza Creek, Alaska, temperate coniferous forest in HJ Andrews Experimental Forest, Oregon, a northern hardwood forest in Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, New Hampshire, a transition oak-maple forest in Harvard Forest, Massachusetts, and lowland tropical rainforest near Caxiuanã National Forest, Pará, Brazil. For each of the twelve sites, we run six 100-year simulations beginning from the calibrated steady state (72 simulations total). The six simulations are: (1) increasing CO2 from 400 to 800 μmol mol-1, (2) warming from current temperatures to current plus 3.5oC, (3) decreasing precipitation from 100% to 80% of the current annual rate, (4) increasing precipitation from 100% to 120% of the current annual rate, (5) doubling of CO2, 3.5oC warming, and 20% decrease in precipitation, and (6) doubling of CO2, 3.5oC warming, and 20% increase in precipitation. This dataset consists of the MEL model Windows executable, the driver and parameter file for each site, and the output files for each of the six simulations listed above.
Phenological Responses of Equisetum arvense to Early-season Soil and Air Warming in Reseach Plots on the University of Alaska Fairbanks North Campus - May through September 2023
This dataset contains the phenological stages of Equisetum arvense (horsetails) subjected to snow removal in spring (which led to ground warming) and to air warming using open topped chambers in a two by two factorial experiment. The main dataset contains the phenological phases of plants in plots of subjected to the four treatments between 1 May and 29 September 2023, and height data. Supplementary files contain temperature data for dataloggers placed in the soil and in the air and file information.
Mangrove leaf physiological response to local climate at Key Largo, Watson River Chickee, Taylor Slough, and Little Rabbit Key, South Florida (FCE) from July 2001 to August 2001
Determine the red mangrove leaf physiological response to the local climate to understand the local controls on plant physiology. Data were collected in the Key Largo Ranger Station, Watson River Chickee and Taylor Slough research Sites, South Florida.
Greenhouse experiment (FCE) in April and August 2001: Responses of neotropical mangrove saplings to the combined effect of hydroperiod and salinity/Biomass
A greenhouse experiment was performed for 13.5 months to evaluate the effect of salinity and hydroperiod on seedling growth rates of 2 mangrove species( Laguncularia racemosa and Rizhophora mangle). Data analyses are currently being performed.
Mesocosm experiment on fresh marsh plant community responses to salinity pulses in 2014 and 2015
We established mesocosm communities using seven freshwater species (Zizaniopsis miliacea, Pontederia cordata, Persicaria hydropiperoides, Peltandra virginica, Ludwigia peploides, Sagittaria lancifolia and Eleocharis palustris) collected in the same freshwater marsh (31°20’16”N, 81°27’52”W) between Apr 19th and Apr 22nd, 2014, and the sediments were collected from a freshwater pond (31°23'54"N, 81°16'47"W) on Sapelo Island, GA at the same time. Our experimental unit was a plastic round swimming pool (h = 18 cm, r = 122 cm) filled to the top with homogenized sediments. Each unit consisted of 2 individuals of Zizaniopsis, Pontederia, Peltandra and Sagittaria, 5 – 8 Persicaria and Ludwigia separately. Eleocharis was mixed up with other species, so there were uneven numbers in each unit. From May 22 to August 19, 2014, the mesocosm communities were treated with three salinity levels (3, 5, and 10 psu: practical salinity units) and five exposure durations (5, 10, 15, 20 and 30 days per month), relative to a freshwater control (n=3 per treatment combination). Except for 30 days treatment which equals saline press treatment, plants were watered with daily freshwater after treated with saline water for 5, 10, 15 and 20 days. Different salinities were achieved by mixing tap water with sea water. We simulated tides during the treatment, by watering the plants every morning and then pumping out the excess water through a 6-in (15 cm) slotted well (constructed of PVC pipe) in the afternoon. From August 20, 2014 to June 30, 2015, all mesocosm communities were flushed with fresh tap water to recover.
Tree DBH response to nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization in the MELNHE study, Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, Bartlett Experimental Forest, and Jeffers Brook
The Multiple Element Limitation in Northern Hardwood Ecosystems (MELNHE) project studies N and P acquisition and limitation of forest productivity through a series of nutrient manipulations in northern hardwood forests. This data set includes tree diameters at breast height (DBH) collected pre-treatment (2008, 2009, and 2010), and post-treatment (2011, 2015, 2019, and 2023). Additional detail on the MELNHE project, including a datatable of site descriptions and a pdf file with the project description and diagram of plot configuration can be found in this data package: https://portal.edirepository.org/nis/mapbrowse?scope=knb-lter-hbr&identifier=344 These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station. None
Carbon exchange responses of rehydrated and incubated biological soil crust samples from White Sands National Park in 2020-2022
This dataset contains photosynthetic light response data from biological soil crusts collected from a gypsum sand sheet at White Sands National Park, NM, USA in three different seasons. This study aims to 1) assess the carbon fixation capacity of biocrust types; 2) assess biocrust carbon fixation response under varying incubation times; 3) and understand variability in carbon fixation response in different seasons. Sample collection occurred in July 2020 (summer), September 2021 (fall), and March 2022 (winter). The biocrust types of interest were light cyanobacterial, dark cyanobacterial, Peltula lichen, Clavascidium lichen, and moss crusts. Samples were collected with the intention of taking carbon fixation measurements after different incubation periods (30 min, 2 hr, 6 hr, 12hr, or 24 hr in 2020, and 30 min, 2 hr, 6 hr, 12hr, 24 hr, or 36 hr in 2021 and 2022). For each condition (biocrust type and incubation time) there were five replicates in 2020 (total n=125) and ten replicates in 2021 and 2022 (total n=300). After collection, the intact samples were re-wetted and subjected to their respective incubation period and measured for photosynthetic response. The resulting light response curves and photosynthetic information was be used for comparing biocrust type, incubation time response differences, and seasonal variation to understand variability of biocrust carbon flux response at a single site. This data set includes the light response curve values and photosynthetic data calculated from these curves and raw LICOR output files compiled into 3 spreadsheet files. The included 2020 data is also associated with the White Sands National Park data from Jornada Study 549. This dataset accompanies the in-press article by Hoellrich et al. (2023) cited below, and the study is now complete. Hoellrich, Mikaela R., Darren K. James, David Bustos, Anthony Darrouzet-Nardi, Louis S. Santiago, and Nicole Pietrasiak. "Biocrust carbon exchange varies with crust type and time on Ch
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.