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176 results for “Ruminant”
Insomnia and Rumination in Late Pregnancy and the Risk for Postpartum Depression
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03596879. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 3.
Ketamine's Actions on Rumination Mechanisms as an Antidepressant
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04656886. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 0. Publications: 4.
Mindfulness Based Emotion Regulation Therapy in the Treatment of Depressive Rumination
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04560192. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Personalized TACS to Reduce Rumination in Patients with Active Suicidal Ideation
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06832124. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 0. Publications: 1.
Treatment of Rumination by Biofeedback - a Randomized Controlled Trial
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02214472. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.
Rumination Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Major Depression and Recurrent Depression
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02278224. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 19.
Data from: Ecological correlates of ghost lineages in ruminants
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Data from: Genotyping of Coxiella burnetii from domestic ruminants and human in Hungary: indication of various genotypes
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Data from: A test of the niche variation hypothesis in a ruminant herbivore
<p class="MsoPlainText">1. Despite the shared prediction that the width of a population's dietary niche expands as food becomes limiting, the Niche Variation Hypothesis (NVH) and Optimal Foraging Theory (OFT) offer contrasting views about how individuals alter diet selection when food is limited.</p> <p class="MsoPlainText">2. Classical OFT predicts that dietary preferences do not change as food becomes limiting, so individuals expand their diets as they compensate for a lack of preferred foods. In contrast, the NVH predicts that among-individual variation in cognition, physiology, or morphology create functional trade-offs in foraging efficiency, thereby causing individuals to specialize on different subsets of food.</p> <p class="MsoPlainText">3. To evaluate (a) the predictions of the NVH and OFT and (b) evidence for physiological and cognitive-based functional trade-offs, we used DNA microsatellites and metabarcoding to quantify the diet, microbiome, and genetic relatedness (a proxy for social learning) of 218 moose (Alces alces) across six populations that varied in their degree of food limitation.</p> <p class="MsoPlainText">4. Consistent with both the NVH and OFT, dietary niche breadth increased with food limitation. Increased diet breadth of individuals—rather than increased diet specialization—was strongly correlated with both food limitation and dietary niche breadth of populations, indicating that moose foraged in accordance with OFT. Diets were not constrained by inheritance of the microbiome or inheritance of diet selection, offering support for the little-tested hypothesis that functional trade-offs in food use (or lack thereof) determine whether populations adhere to the predictions of the NVH or OFT.</p> <p class="MsoPlainText">5. Our results indicate that both the absence of strong functional trade-offs and the digestive physiology of ruminants provide contexts under which populations should forage in accordance with OFT rather than the NVH. Also, because dietary niche width increased with increased food limitation, OFT and the NVH provide theoretical support for the notion that plant-herbivore interaction networks are plastic rather than static, which has important implications for understanding interspecific niche partitioning. Lastly, because population-level dietary niche breadth and calf recruitment are correlated, and because calf recruitment is a proxy for food limitation, our work demonstrates how diet data can be employed to understand a populations' proximity to carrying capacity.</p>
Effects of diet fermentability and supplementation of 2-hydroxy-(4-methylthio) butanoic acid and isoacids on milk fat depression: 2. Ruminal fermentation, fatty acid, and bacterial community structure
<p>The experiment was conducted to understand ruminal effects of diet modification during moderate milk fat depression (MFD) and ruminal effects of HMTBa and isoacids on alleviating MFD. Five ruminally cannulated cows were used in a 5 × 5 Latin square design with the following 5 dietary treatments (dry matter basis): HF-C, a high forage and low starch control diet with 1.5% safflower oil; LF-C, a low forage and high starch control diet with 1.5% safflower oil; LF-HMTBa, the LF-C diet supplemented with HMTBa (0.11%; 28 g/d); LF-IA, the LF-C diet supplemented with isoacids (0.24%; 60 g/d; IA); and LF-COMB, the LF-C diet supplemented with HMTBa and IA. The experiment consisted of 5 periods with 21 d per period (14-d diet adaptation and 7-d sampling). Ruminal samples were collected to determine fermentation characteristics (0, 1, 3, and 6 h after feeding), long chain fatty acids (FA) profile (6 h after feeding), and bacterial community structure by analyzing 16S gene amplicon sequences (3 h after feeding). Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS in a Latin square design. Preplanned comparison between HF-C and LF-C were conducted and the main effects of HMTBa and IA and their interaction within the LF diets were examined. The LF-C diet decreased ruminal pH and the ratio of acetate to propionate, with no major changes detected in ruminal FA profile compared with HF-C. The alpha diversity for LF-C was lower compared with HF-C, and beta diversity also differed between LF-C and HF-C. The relative abundance of bacterial phyla and genera associated indirectly with fiber degradation was influenced by LF-C versus HF-C. As the main effect of HMTBa within the LF diets, HMTBa increased the ratio of acetate to propionate and butyrate molar proportion. Ruminal saturated FA were increased and unsaturated FA concentration were decreased by HMTBa, with minimal changes detected in ruminal bacterial diversity and community. As the main effect of IA, IA supplementation increased ruminal concentration of all branched chain volatile FA and valerate and increased the percentage of trans-10 C18 isomers in total FA. In addition, alpha diversity and the number of functional features were increased for IA. Changes in the abundances of bacterial phyla and genera were minimal for IA. Interactions between HMTBa and IA were observed for ruminal variables and some bacterial taxa abundances. In conclusion, increasing trans-10 C18 isomers did not decrease milk fat yield for LF-C versus HF-C when dietary PUFA level was similar. Supplementation of HMTBa increased biohydrogenation capacity, and supplemental IA increased bacterial diversity, possibly alleviating MFD. The combination of HMTBa and IA had no associative effects in the rumen and need further studies to understand the interactive mechanism.</p>
Data from: Re-evaluation of the law of constant extinction for ruminants at different taxonomical scale
<p><span>The "law of constant extinction," proposed by Van Valen, states that long and short-lived taxa have equal chances of going extinct. This pattern of age-independent extinction was originally inferred using the fossil record of several different taxa and relied on survivorship curves built from the literal reading of the fossil record. Van Valen's seminal work was mostly done at higher taxonomic levels, hence its prevalence at the species level could not be directly inferred. The surprisingly few subsequent studies done at the species level have challenged the prevalence of age-independent extinction, but those have, for the most part, failed to explicitly incorporate inherent biases of the fossil record. Using a recent Bayesian framework that accounts for several of those biases, including the fact that very short-living lineages might never make to the record itself, we showed that Ruminantia species present age-dependent extinction, where extinction probability decreases with species age. An analysis at the genus level suggested age-independent extinction but further examination suggested that the pattern might be more complex than previously reported by Van Valen. Our results indicate that different taxonomic levels may present different extinction regimes, which could justify the development of new macroevolutionary theory and methods.</span></p>
Data from: Genome-wide association reveals the locus responsible for four-horned ruminant
Phenotypic variability in horn characteristics, such as their size, number and shape, offers the opportunity to elucidate the molecular basis of horn development. The objective of this study was to map the genetic determinant controlling the production of four horns in two breeds, Jacob sheep and Navajo-Churro, and examine whether an eyelid abnormality occurring in the same populations is related. Genome-wide association mapping was performed using 125 animals from the two breeds that contain two- and four-horned individuals. A case–control design analysis of 570 712 SNPs genotyped with the ovine HD SNP Beadchip revealed a strong association signal on sheep chromosome 2. The 10 most strongly associated SNPs were all located in a region spanning Mb positions 131.9–132.6, indicating the genetic architecture underpinning the production of four horns is likely to involve a single gene. The closest genes to the most strongly associated marker (OAR2_132568092) were MTX2 and the HOXD cluster, located approximately 93 Kb and 251 Kb upstream respectively. The occurrence of an eyelid malformation across both breeds was restricted to polled animals and those carrying more than two horns. This suggests the eyelid abnormality may be associated with departures from the normal developmental production of two-horned animals and that the two conditions are developmentally linked. This study demonstrated the presence of separate loci responsible for the polled and four-horned phenotypes in sheep and advanced our understanding of the complexity that underpins horn morphology in ruminants.
Data from: Taxon abundance, diversity, co-occurrence and network analysis of the ruminal microbiota in response to dietary changes in dairy cows
The effects of sunflower oil (SO) (0 or 50 g/kg diet dry matter), supplemented to diets contrasting in the proportion of forage and concentrate (FC) (65:35 vs 35:65), were evaluated for their influence on rumen microbiome. Four multiparous Nordic Red dairy cows fitted with rumen cannulae were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments and four 35-d periods. Ruminal digesta samples were collected on d 22 and d 24 of each experimental period and DNA was extracted from a combined sample. Diet effect on rumen microbial community was explored by qPCR, T-RFLP and metabarcoding sequencing. QPCR analysis showed that the total amounts of bacteria, archaea or ciliate protozoa were not significantly altered either by FC ratio or addition of SO. Only fungi were reduced by half in high concentrate (H) compared to high forage (L) diets (P=0.03). Further significant reduction of fungi was observed due to SO in both HSO and LSO diets but the effect was stronger in HSO (H vs HSO by 10.5x, P=0.03; L vs LSO by 1.9x, P=0.04). Metabarcoding sequencing analysis showed that SO affected bacterial, archaeal, ciliate protozoa and fungal community structure and diversity and the effect was FC ratio dependent. As expected, Simpson's index of diversity was higher in diets containing higher proportion of forage. These diets were dominated by Firmicutes, while Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria were more abundant in H diets. Methanobrevibacter ruminantium and Methanobrevibacter gottschalkii dominated archaea community but they were in negative relation to each other. Methanobrevibacter gottschalkii was more abundant in L, while Methanobrevibacter ruminantium in H diet. The strongest diet effect was observed on fungal community, represented by both well classified and novel fungal groups. Both, increase in concentrate and supplementation of SO significantly reduced fungal diversity. We explored microbial interactions by building taxa co-occurrence networks. Our results suggest that studying entire rumen microbiome simultaneously is needed aiming to better understand how diet induced changes within microbial community are associated with microbial function, subsequently leading to better understanding of rumen fermentation and methanogenesis.
Data from: Millions of years behind: slow adaptation of ruminants to grasslands
The Late-Cretaceous appearance of grasses, followed by the Cenozoic advancement of grasslands as dominant biomes, has contributed to the evolution of a range of specialized herbivores adapted to new diets, as well as to increasingly open and arid habitats. Many mammals including ruminants, the most diversified ungulate suborder, evolved high–crowned (hypsodont) teeth as an adaptation to tooth–wearing diets and habitats. The impact of different causes of tooth wear is still a matter of debate, and the temporal pattern of hypsodonty evolution in relation to the evolution of grasslands remains unclear. We present an improved time–calibrated molecular phylogeny of Cetartiodactyla, with phylogenetic reconstruction of ancestral ruminant diets and habitats, based on characteristics of extant taxa. Using this timeline, as well as the fossil record of grasslands, we conduct phylogenetic comparative analyses showing that hypsodonty in ruminants evolved as an adaptation to both diet and habitat. Our results demonstrate a slow, perhaps constrained, evolution of hypsodonty towards estimated optimal states, excluding the possibility of immediate adaptation. This augments recent findings that slow adaptation is not uncommon on million–year time scales.
Data from: The evolution of morphological integration in the ruminant skull
Patterns of morphological integration have the potential to influence evolutionary trajectories. However, this influence depends on the stability of the integration pattern relative to the rate of evolutionary change. Studying the evolution of integration over large phylogenetic scales is complicated by its multivariate nature and the need to have both large sample sizes and a comprehensive taxon coverage. As a result, the question of how integration evolves over long time scales is still poorly understood. In this study I examined the evolution of integration across the phylogeny of extant ruminants, as reflected in their within-population covariation structure. I analyzed interlandmark distances from 2,054 skulls, representing 47 out of the 200 extant species of ruminants, including all major subfamilies of bovids and cervids. I estimated the within-population covariance matrix for each species, and compared them using multidimensional scaling and phylogenetic comparative methods. Results show that closely-related taxa differ substantially from each other in their integration pattern. However, the differences among higher-level clades still reflect their history of common descent. Differences between bovids and cervids involve mainly the oral and nasal regions, in accord with their different feeding and locomotion adaptations. Thus, the effect of both natural selection and phylogenetic history can be detected in the ruminant skull even though integration varies considerably among closely-related species.
Reindeer in the arctic show sleep recovery during rumination (CurrentBiology, Furrer et al. 2024): Raw EEG Data
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STUDY OF MONIEZIOS DISEASE OF RUMINATED ANIMALS
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Datasets to article: Full-fat insect meals in ruminant nutrition: in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics and lipid biohydrogenation
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Supplemental files Manuscript Intraspecies variation offers potentials to improve white rot fungi for increasing degradability of lignocellulose for ruminants
<p>Supplemental files of the manuscript "<strong> <span>Intraspecies variation offers potentials to improve white rot fungi for increasing degradability of lignocellulose for ruminants." </span></strong></p> <p><strong><span>Submitted to Journal of fungi.</span></strong></p>
Data from: Stable isotope labeled n-alkanes to assess digesta passage kinetics through the digestive tract of ruminants
We describe the use of carbon stable isotope (13C) labeled n-alkanes as a potential internal tracer to assess passage kinetics of ingested nutrients in ruminants. Plant cuticular n-alkanes originating from intrinsically 13C labeled ryegrass plants were pulse dosed intraruminally in four rumen-cannulated lactating dairy cows receiving four contrasting ryegrass silage treatments that differed in nitrogen fertilization level (45 or 90 kg nitrogen ha−1) and maturity (early or late). Passage kinetics through the gastrointestinal tract were derived from the δ13C (i.e. the ratio 13C:12C) in apparently undigested fecal material. Isotopic enrichment was observed in a wide range of long-chain n-alkanes (C27–C36) and passage kinetics were determined for the most abundant C29, C31 and C33 n-alkanes, for which a sufficiently high response signal was detected by combustion isotope ratio mass spectrometry. Basal diet treatment and carbon chain length of n-alkanes did not affect fractional passage rates from the rumen (K1) among individual n-alkanes (3.71–3.95%/h). Peak concentration time and transit time showed a quantitatively small, significant (p≤0.002) increase with carbon chain length. K1 estimates were comparable to those of the 13C labeled digestible dry matter fraction (3.38%/h; r = 0.61 to 0.71; p≤0.012). A literature review has shown that n-alkanes are not fermented by microorganisms in the rumen and affirms no preferential depletion of 13C versus 12C. Our results suggest that 13C labeled n-alkanes can be used as nutrient passage tracers and support the reliability of the δ13C signature of digestible feed nutrients as a tool to measure nutrient-specific passage kinetics.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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