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Fig. 3 in Saphonecrus globosus Schweger and Tang 2015

Fig. 3. Geographical distribution of Ituglanis, indicating type localities of Ituglanis payaya and I. paraguassuensis.

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Fig. 1 in Fig. 1 in Saphonecrus shirakashii

Fig. 1. Final larval survival rates to moult into the juvenile stage of Paratya compressa (A) and Paratya improvisa (B). Larvae were reared under the 25 combinations of five different temperatures (x axis) and salinities (different coloured bars).

Fig. 5 in Fig. 4. A in Saphonecrus globosus Schweger and Tang 2015

Fig. 5. Prosthiostomum cf. ostreae Kato, 1937b, ICHUM 6153 (A, B, H), ICHUM 6151 (C, E–G), ICHUM 6152 (D); photographs taken in life (A– C) and after being cleared in xylene (D), schematic diagram (E), and photomicrographs of sagittal sections (F–H) (anterior to the left); A, entire body, dorsal view; B, entire body, ventral view; C, magnification of head, dorsal view; D, magnification of head, dorsal view, showing ventral eyespots (arrowheads); E, copulatory organs and sucker; F, male copulatory apparatus; G, female gonopore and sucker; H, cement glands. Abbreviations: ce, cerebral eyespots; cg, cement glands; cp, cement pouch; fg, female gonopore; it, intestine; ma, male atrium; me, marginal eyespots; mg, male gonopore; ph, pharynx; pv, prostatic vesicle; spv, spermiducal vesicle; st, stylet; su, sucker; sv, seminal vesicle. Scale bars: A, B = 5 mm; C, D = 1 mm; E–G = 300 µm; H = 100 µm.

Fig. 6. Prosthiostomum vulgare Kato, 1938b, ICHUM 6036 in Fig. 4. A in Saphonecrus globosus Schweger and Tang 2015

Fig. 6. Prosthiostomum vulgare Kato, 1938b, ICHUM 6036 (A, C), ICHUM 6154 (B, D, H), ICHUM 6155 (E–G); photographs taken in life (A– D), schematic diagram (E), and photomicrographs of sagittal sections (anterior to the left) (F–H); A, entire body, dorsal view; B, entire body, ventral view; C, magnification of head, dorsal view; D, magnification of head, ventral view, showing ventral eyespots (arrowheads); E, copulatory complex and sucker; F, stylet; G, male copulatory apparatus; H, copulatory complex and sucker. Abbreviations: ce, cerebral eyespots; fg, female gonopore; it, intestine; ma, male atrium; me, marginal eyespots; mg, male gonopore; mo, mouth; ph, pharynx; pv, prostatic vesicle; spv, spermiducal vesicle; st, stylet; su, sucker; sv, seminal vesicle. Scale bars: A, B = 1 mm; C, D = 0.5 mm; E, G, H = 300 µm; F = 100 µm.

Fig. 2 in Fig. 4. A in Saphonecrus globosus Schweger and Tang 2015

Fig. 2. Prosthiostomum hibana sp. n., ICHUM 6147 (holotype); photographs taken in life (A–E) and photomicrographs showing eyespots observed in sagittal sections (anterior to the left) (F, G); A, entire body, dorsal view; B, entire body, ventral view; C, magnification of the white edged area on B; D, magnification of head, dorsal view; E, magnification of head, ventral view (ventral eyespots indicated by arrowheads); F, anterior portion of body, showing marginal eyespot; G, anterior portion of body, showing cerebral and frontal eyespots. Abbreviations: ce, cerebral eyespots; fg, female gonopore; me, marginal eyespot(s); mg, male gonopore; mo, mouth; ph, pharynx; su, sucker; ve, ventral eyespot. Scale bars: A = 5 mm, B = 1 mm, D– G = 500 µm.

Fig. 1. Prosthiostomum auratum Kato, 1937b in Fig. 4. A in Saphonecrus globosus Schweger and Tang 2015

Fig. 1. Prosthiostomum auratum Kato, 1937b; photographs taken in life (ICHUM 6150) (A–E), schematic diagram (F), and photomicrographs of sagittal sections (anterior to the left) (ICHUM 6149) (G, H); A, entire body, dorsal view; B, entire body, ventral view; C, magnification of the black edged area on B; D, magnification of head, dorsal view; E, magnification of head, ventral view, showing ventral eyespots (arrowheads); F, anterior half of the body, lateral view, anterior to the left; G, anterior end of body; H, middle portion of body, showing male and female copulatory apparatuses. Abbreviations: ab, anterior branch of main intestine; br, brain; ce, cerebral eyespots; cg, cement glands; fg, female gonopore; it, intestine; ma, male atrium; me, marginal eyespots; mg, male gonopore; mo, mouth; ph, pharynx; pv, prostatic vesicle; spv, spermiducal vesicle; st, stylet; su, sucker; sv, seminal vesicle. Scale bars: A, B = 1 mm; D, E = 100 µm; F–H = 300 µm.

Fig. 7 in Fig. 4. A in Saphonecrus globosus Schweger and Tang 2015

Fig. 7. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree based on the 28S rRNA (939 bp) and COI (585 bp) gene sequences. Numbers near nodes are the bootstrap values (≥ 70) (%). The names of species for which morphological description are provided in this study are indicated in boldface.

Fig. 4 in Fig. 4. A in Saphonecrus globosus Schweger and Tang 2015

Fig. 4. Prosthiostomum hibana sp. n., ICHUM 6148 (paratype); photographs taken after being cleared in xylene; A, magnification of head, dorsal view; B, magnification of head, ventral view (ventral eyespots indicated by arrowheads). Abbreviations: ce, cerebral eyespots; me, marginal eyespots; mo, mouth. Scale bars: 500 µm.

Fig. 3 in Fig. 4. A in Saphonecrus globosus Schweger and Tang 2015

Fig. 3. Prosthiostomum hibana sp. n., ICHUM 6147 (holotype); schematic diagram (A) and photomicrographs of sagittal sections (anterior to the left) (B–D); A, copulatory complex and sucker; B, male copulatory apparatus through male atrium lumen; C, male copulatory apparatus through seminal vesicle lumen, indicated by arrow; D, proximal portion of male atrium; E, female gonopore and sucker. Abbreviations: cp, cement pouch; ed, ejaculatory duct; fg, female gonopore; it, intestine; ma, male atrium; mg, male gonopore; ph, pharynx; pp, penis papilla; ps, penis sheath; pv, prostatic vesicle; spv, spermiducal vesicle; st, stylet; su, sucker; sv, seminal vesicle; va, vagina. Scale bars: A = 300 µm; B, C, E = 100 µm; D = 50 µm.

Fig. 2 in Fig. 2 in Fig. 4. A in Saphonecrus globosus Schweger and Tang 2015

Fig. 2. Lithosiini spp.: adults (A–F – type species of genera). A, Moorasura gloriosa, male (MWM/ZSM). B, Moorasura gloriosa, holotype female (MFN). C, Sarbine flavodiscalis, male (MFN). D, Sarbine flavodiscalis, female (CKC). E, Ammatho cuneonotatus, male (CKC). F, Integrivalvia exclusa, male (CKC). G, Cyme quadrifasciata, holotype male (©The Trustees of NHMUK). H, Asura mimetica, syntype male (©The Trustees of NHMUK).

Fig. 1 in Fig. 2 in Fig. 4. A in Saphonecrus globosus Schweger and Tang 2015

Fig. 1. Setteleia gen. nov. spp.: adults. A, S. witti sp. nov., holotype male (MWM/ZSM). B, S. witti sp. nov., paratype female (MWM/ZSM). C, S. carota sp. nov., holotype male (MWM/ZSM). D, S. carota sp. nov., paratype female (CKC). E, S. lourensi sp. nov., holotype male (MWM/ZSM). F, S. bakunawa sp. nov., holotype male (MWM/ZSM). G, S. bakunawa sp. nov., paratype male (CKC). H, S. bakunawa sp. nov., paratype female (CKC).

Fig. 2 in Fig. 5 in Saphonecrus globosus Schweger and Tang 2015

Fig. 2. Ophiolepis crassa. Dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views. Anatomical measurements taken for each individual.

Fig. 5 in Fig. 2 in Fig. 4. A in Saphonecrus globosus Schweger and Tang 2015

Fig. 5. Lithosiini spp.: male genitalia of type species of genera. A, Sarbine flavodiscalis (MWM/ZSM). B, Ammatho cuneonotatus (CKC). C, Cyme reticulata, holotype (©The Trustees of NHMUK). D, Integrivalvia exclusa (MWM/ZSM). Scale bars = 1 mm.

Fig. 4 in Fig. 5 in Saphonecrus globosus Schweger and Tang 2015

Fig. 4. Adjustment to a power equation of several anatomical features (in mm) of Ophiolephis crassa from the Gulf of California. The degree of allometry is given in table 2.

Fig. 7 in Fig. 1 in Fig. 7 in Saphonecrus gilvus Melika and Schweger 2015

Fig. 7. Future of the Small Aral Sea. A new dam would divide the Small Aral Sea into two basins with different salinities and resulting faunas. The canal feeding the new, northern basin could have several different courses with only one shown here. See details in text and Micklin et al. (2020).

Fig. 3 in Fig. 5 in Saphonecrus globosus Schweger and Tang 2015

Fig. 3. Relationship between disk diameter (DD) and arm length/disk diameter (AL/DD) of Ophiolephis crassa individuals from the Gulf of California.

Fig. 6 in Fig. 1 in Fig. 7 in Saphonecrus gilvus Melika and Schweger 2015

Fig. 6. Selected native and invasive crustaceans from the Aral Sea: (a) Evadne anonyx (native), (b) Calanipeda aquedulcis (planned introduction), (c) Megacyclops leuckarti (native), (d) Arctodiaptomus salinus (native), (e) Palaemon elegans (accidentally introduced), (f) Paramysis lacustris (planned introduction). Calanipeda aquedulcis and P. lacustris were both introduced to become a food resource for commercially important fish. Further explanation in text (photo credits: a, NV Aladin, b, AN Khanaychenko Russian Academy of Sciences with permission; c, Dr. Ulrich Hopp, Germany, with permission; d, LS Svetlichny, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine with permission; e, from Wikimedia Commons; f, T Lipinskya, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus with permission)

Fig. 5 in Fig. 1 in Fig. 7 in Saphonecrus gilvus Melika and Schweger 2015

Fig. 5. Occurrence of selected crustacean species at fixed sampling stations during the study period; filled circles = species present; percentages are of the number of stations where the species was found.

Fig. 4 in Fig. 1 in Fig. 7 in Saphonecrus gilvus Melika and Schweger 2015

Fig. 4. Occurrence of selected crustacean species at fixed sampling stations during the study period; filled circles = species present; percentages are of the number of stations where the species was found.

Fig. 2. The original Aral Sea around 1960 in Fig. 1 in Fig. 7 in Saphonecrus gilvus Melika and Schweger 2015

Fig. 2. The original Aral Sea around 1960 (a) and NASA Landsat images (b–d) documenting the modern regression (source NASA); separation of the northern Small Aral and the southern Large Aral had occurred by 1998; in 2010 the continued regression resulted in fragmentation of the Large Aral into several hypersaline water bodies; in contrast, construction of the Kokaral Dam (d) now preserves the water level in the Small Aral and allows it to gradually increase.