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309 results for “Scale effects”
Data from: Positive spatial and temporal density-dependence drive early reproductive economy-of-scale effects of masting in a European old-growth forest community
<p>Masting, the spatial synchronization of interannual variation in seed production, can enhance reproductive efficiency through positive density-dependent processes (DD) that result in economies of scale (EOS), such as decreased pollen limitation and predator satiation in years of high reproduction. While the general occurrence of such EOS effects has been documented for masting species, few studies simultaneously investigated how spatial and temporal variation in reproduction affects pollination and predation. Furthermore, it is unclear whether the same mechanisms apply to co-occurring species with different levels of conspecific density, pollen limitation, and seed defenses. Here, we use a long-term data set with high spatial resolution of seed production of European beech (<em>Fagus sylvatica</em>), Norway spruce (<em>Picea abies</em>), and silver fir (<em>Abies alba</em>) in a primeval montane forest to investigate the relationship between reproductive effort, pollination efficiency, and predispersal predation by insects. We found that, along the temporal axis, the proportion of sound (fertilized and unpredated) seeds correlated positively with annual seed production over the 14-year study period in all three species, most strongly in beech and only weakly in silver fir. Moreover, the results show that in beech, spatial seed density interacts with plot-wide annual seed rain to enhance DD effects on seed predation, suggesting additive effects of synchronous reproduction on fitness benefits.</p> <p>Synthesis: For both pollination and predispersal predation in beech and spruce, the strongest DD effects occur at low levels of reproduction and quickly reach asymptotes at higher levels, suggesting the presence of thresholds in different EOS mechanisms. As variability and synchrony in mast-seeding are expected to decline with climate change, EOS effects driven by DD may remain stable until the threshold is reached, at which sudden declines would result in devastating effects on the availability of viable seeds for germination and recruitment.</p>
Supplementary material for publication "Pore-scale salinity effects on methane hydrate dissociation" by Almenningen et al
<p>Supplementary materials for publication "Pore-scale salinity effects on methane hydrate dissociation"</p> <p>Abstract: Sedimentary methane gas hydrates may become a significant source of methane gas in the global energy mix for the next decades. The widespread distribution of methane hydrates, primarily in subsea sediments on continental margins, makes the crystalline compound attractive for countries with shorelines that seek self-sustainable energy. Fundamental understanding of pore-level methane hydrate distribution and dissociation pattern is important to anticipate the gas production from hydrate reservoirs. Especially the effect of local salinity gradients on dissociation characteristics must be understood as the aqueous phase in most reservoirs is saline. We evaluate the pore-level salinity effect on hydrate dissociation experimentally using silicon-wafer micro-models capable of withstanding high internal pressures. Methane hydrates were formed with brines for a range of salinities (0.0, 2.0, 3.5 and 5.0 wt% NaCl), and we study hydrate dissociation during both depressurization and thermal stimulation, which currently are the most cost-effective production methods. The laboratory results show how initial pore-scale hydrate distribution prior to dissociation affect the melting and mobilization of gas. The local pore-water salinities influenced the stability of the hydrate structure, and led to distinct dissociation patterns due to water freshening.</p>
Data from: A landscape approach for optimizing the cost-effectiveness of large-scale forest restoration
<p>This is a complete dataset for achieving results of the manuscript "<strong>A landscape approach for optimizing the cost-effectiveness of large-scale forest restoration</strong>". </p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Abstract: </strong></p> <ol> <li>Achieving global targets for forest restoration will require cost-effective strategies to return agricultural land to forest, while minimizing implementation costs and negative outcomes for agricultural production.</li> <li>We present a landscape approach for optimizing the cost-effectiveness of large-scale forest restoration. Across three different landscapes within Brazil's Atlantic Forest biodiversity hotspot, we modelled landscape scenarios based on spatially-explicit data on the probability of natural regeneration, restoration costs, land opportunity costs, and forest restoration outcomes for increasing carbon stocking and landscape connectivity<em>.</em> We compare benefits of our cost-reduction approach to the legally mandated riparian restoration and randomly distributed approaches.</li> <li>Compared with riparian prioritization and considering both implementation and opportunity costs, our cost-reduction scenario produced the greatest savings (20.9%) in mechanized agricultural landscapes.</li> <li>When only considering implementation costs, our cost-reduction scenario led to the highest savings (38.4%) in the landscape with highest forest cover where natural regeneration potential is highest and enables cost-effective carbon stocking and connectivity.</li> </ol> <p><em>Synthesis and applications.</em> We present a guide for forest restoration planning that maximizes specific outcomes with minimal costs and reduction of agricultural production. Furthermore, we show how policies could encourage prioritization of low-cost restoration via natural regeneration, increasing cost-effectiveness. While our study focuses on Brazil’s Atlantic Forest, the approach can be parameterized for other regions.</p> <p><strong>Resumo:</strong></p> <ol> <li>Atingir metas globais para a restauração florestal exigirá estratégias economicamente viáveis para transformar terras agrícolas em floresta, minimizando custos de implementação e os resultados negativos para a produção agrícola.</li> <li>Apresentamos uma abordagem de paisagem para otimizar a relação custo-eficácia da restauração florestal em larga escala. Em três diferentes paisagens, no Bioma da Mata Atlântica, modelamos cenários baseados em dados espacialmente explícitos sobre a probabilidade de regeneração natural, custos de restauração, custos de oportunidade da terra e resultados de restauração florestal com o objetivo de aumentar o estoque de carbono e a conectividade da paisagem. Por fim, comparamos os benefícios da nossa abordagem de redução de custos com a tradicional abordagem de restauração da paisagem em zonas ripárias (áreas de preservação permanente) e abordagens de espacialidade aleatoriamente distribuídas.</li> <li>Comparado com a priorização ripária e considerando os custos de implementação e de oportunidade, nosso cenário de redução de custos produziu as maiores economias (20,9%) em paisagens agrícolas mecanizadas.</li> <li>Ao considerar apenas os custos de implementação, nosso cenário de redução de custos levou à maior economia (38,4%) na paisagem com maior cobertura florestal, onde o potencial de regeneração natural é maior e permite uma melhor relação de custo-oportunidade no estoque de carbono e na conectividade da paisagem.</li> </ol> <p><em>Síntese e aplicações.</em> Apresentamos aqui um guia para o planejamento de restauração florestal que maximiza resultados específicos com redução de custos e mínima influência na produção agrícola. Além disso, mostramos como políticas públicas poderiam incentivar a priorização da restauração de baixo custo via regeneração natural, aumentando a relação custo-benefício. Enquanto nosso estudo se concentra na Mata Atlântica do Brasil, a abordagem pode ser parametrizada para outras regiões.</p>
Data for "Effects of forest dieback on deadwood patterns: large scale trends from a cross-analysis of European databases"
<p><strong><span>Aims</span></strong></p> <p><span>We carried out an opportunistic correlative study between past crown conditions and current deadwood volumes.</span></p> <p><span>Our aim was to mobilise available data on site factors and long-term monitoring of crown vitality indicators in Europe to investigate the influence of current and recent local defoliation levels on plot-level deadwood volume.</span></p> <p><span>For a subset of level I, 16*16-km monitoring plots located throughout Europe, we benefitted from data on both (i) deadwood measurements carried out within the framework of the Forest Focus Biosoil Project </span><span>(Galluzzi et al., 2019)</span><span>, pre-processed into a consistent and harmonized deadwood dataset by </span><span>Puletti et al. (2019)</span><span>, and (ii) defoliation assessments provided yearly since 1989 by the International Co-operative Program on Assessment and Monitoring of Air Pollution Effects on Forests (ICP Forests), the most comprehensive European monitoring network for the large-scale assessment of forest ecosystem health </span><span>(Vitale et al., 2014)</span><span>. </span></p> <p><span>Biosoil data on deadwood and ICP data on defoliation have never been crossed before.</span></p> <p><span>We used defoliation level as a proxy for the severity of stand dieback. Deadwood patterns can be addressed through deadwood profiles, which subdivide local deadwood stocks into classes based on size, position and decay stage.</span></p> <p><a name="_Toc175840512"></a><a name="_Toc116027761"></a><span><strong><span>ICP database and defoliation protocol</span></strong></span></p> <p><span>The International Cooperative Program to assess and monitor air pollution effects on the forest (ICP Forests) is responsible for an extensive level I monitoring system of forest sites </span><span>(Hauβmann & Fischer, 2004)</span><span>, which has been in operation since 1986. This large-scale level I network is made up of dense, spatially representative sampling points placed throughout European forests on a 16 × 16 km virtual grid, and is dedicated to monitoring forest conditions. The sampling points cover most European forested areas and encompasses ca. 6000 monitoring plots in 42 countries. In each plot, a visual evaluation of defoliation and discoloration of tree crowns is performed annually to survey forest health status (<a href="http://icp-forests.net/page/largescale-forest-condition">http://icp-forests.net/page/largescale-forest-condition</a>). Data management is presently carried out at the Programme Co-ordinating Centre (PCC) of ICP Forests in Eberswalde, Germany, and all data are available upon request. Since 1989, a standardized procedure for “annual surveys of crown condition’’ has been applied to 24 selected dominant and co-dominant trees with a minimum height of 60 cm and showing no significant mechanical damage. The defoliation and discoloration level of each tree crown is visually assessed on a sliding scale of 5% increments as the percentage of needle/leaf loss in the assessable crown as compared to a reference tree with full foliage. Mean defoliation at the plot scale was defined as the proportion of “damaged” trees i.e., with a defoliation rate of more than 25%, and used as a proxy for plot decline level. In the ICP database, the factors associated with observed defoliation related to natural disturbances or management (i.e., vertebrate or insect herbivory, fungal or fire damage, drought impacts, signs of removal of coarse woody debris, past landscape) were not recorded in a sufficiently standardized way to be used as covariates in our models. Similarly, plot-level living tree density and above-ground biomass for standing living trees (expressed in kg.ha<sup>−1</sup>), presumably surveyed in subplot 2, were not available.</span></p> <p><a name="_Toc175840513"></a><a name="_Toc116027762"></a><span><strong><span>Biosoil database and deadwood protocol</span></strong></span></p> <p><a name="_Toc116027763"></a><span>In the framework of the large collaborative European Forest Focus BioSoil-Biodiversity project</span><span>, a system of circular concentric subplots was built around certain ICP level I plots to collect additional data on stand structure and biodiversity between 2005 and 2008 (Figure 1). </span><span><span>The individual countries were responsible for selecting the ICP level I plots to be included in the BioSoil project </span></span><span><span>(Galluzzi et al., 2019)</span></span><span><span>. Overall, a total of 3243 geocoded Level I plots were considered in 19 European countries </span></span><span><span>(Puletti et al., 2017)</span></span><span><span>: Austria, Belgium (Flanders only), Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany (eight federal states only), Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom (Figure 1). BioSoil project results are recorded in the multi-dimensional LI-BioDiv geodatabase that contains raw data on forest structure and vegetation records used to calculate simple plot-level structural and compositional forest variables (i.e., biomass, deadwood volume, plant alpha-diversity; </span></span><span><span>Bastrup-Birk et al. 2007; Hiederer & Durant 2010)</span></span><span><span>. At each plot, deadwood was quantified on an area of 400 m<sup>2</sup> (BioSoil subplots 1 and 2, radius of 11.28 m; </span></span><span><span>Puletti et al., 2017)</span></span><span><span>. The deadwood survey included coarse woody debris (including lying dead trees), snags (including standing dead trees) and stumps more than 10 cm in diameter. Only snags and stumps more than 130 cm in height were considered. Diameter, length or height, tree species and decay stage (5 classes) were recorded for each deadwood piece. The raw ICP deadwood data were processed by </span></span><span><span>Puletti et al. (2017, 2019)</span></span><span><span> into a consistent and harmonized pan-European deadwood dataset, which we used in this study. The dataset provides total deadwood volume and the volume of several deadwood types for each plot. Further details can be found in the ICP Forests manual (</span></span><a href="http://icp-forests.net/page/icp-forests-manual"><span><span>http://icp-forests.net/page/icp-forests-manual</span></span></a><span><span>), </span></span><span><span>Puletti et al. (2019)</span></span><span><span> and </span></span><span><span>Augustynczik et al. (2024)</span></span><span><span>.</span></span></p> <p><span><span>In our study, we considered the following response variables</span></span><span>: (i) total deadwood volume, (ii) </span><span>standing deadwood (snags) volume, (iii) volume of ground-lying deadwood, (iv) </span><span>fresh deadwood volume </span><span>(= Vm3_dec1_Biosoil + Vm3_dec2_Biosoil), and (v) decayed deadwood volume = (= Vm3_dec4_Biosoil + Vm3_dec5_Biosoil).</span></p> <p><span>A few environmental covariates were collected from the Biosoil data: (i) management intensity (grouped into two classes: recently harvested, i.e., with management evidence within the last 10 years; and not recently harvested, i.e., unmanaged (no management evidence) or managed a long time ago (management evidence but more than 10 years previously), (ii) average stand age (separated into 3 classes: mature [>100 yrs], mid-aged [41-100 yrs], young [1-40 yrs]), (iii) elevation (above sea level, a.s.l.), a continuous quantitative variable, (iv) dominant tree genus, and (v) forest type, depending on the dominant tree species: coniferous, deciduous or mixed.</span></p> <p><a name="_Toc175840514"></a><a name="_Toc116027764"></a><span><strong><span>Database joint</span></strong></span><span><strong><span>: <a name="_Toc116027765"></a>plot matching in time series</span></strong></span></p> <p><span>After harmonizing plot names and coordinates in the two datasets (ICP-defoliation and Biosoil-deadwood), only plots with matched data in both datasets were selected. Plots with a maximum of one year’s discontinuity in the data were retained, and the missing values were reconstructed from the average values in contiguous years. Plots with discontinuities in defoliation measurements of more than 2 years were deleted. We matched defoliation measurements for the Biosoil-ICP datasets from 1989 to 2007 and finally obtained 2,070 five-year, 1,804 ten-year and 1,399 fifteen-year time series. This approach made it possible to define three 10-year time series [1995-2005, 1996-2006, 1997-2007] with plots in 17 countries, from five plots in Ireland and nine in the United Kingdom, to 337 plots in Finland and 461 in France.</span></p> <p><a name="_Toc175840515"></a><a name="_Toc116027766"></a><span><strong><span>Calculation of global defoliation metrics</span></strong></span></p> <p><span>We calculated 16 univariate metrics to summarize changes in defoliation throughout the 10-year period prior to the Biosoil deadwood measurements. Some of the selected parameters describe the immediate possible effects of defoliation severity in the recent past on a given year: (i) defoliation level of the previous year (n-1), (ii) defoliation level of the year before the previous year (n-2), (iii) defoliation level of the year two years before the previous year (n-3). Other defoliation metrics relate to the cumulative effects of defoliation levels in the near or the distant past: (i) average defoliation level over the last two years, (ii) average defoliation level over the last three years, (iii) average defoliation level over the last five years, (iv) average defoliation level over the first five years of the 10-year time series, and (v) time elapsed since last peak defoliation. Several other parameters depict general trends in the level of defoliation over the 10-year time series: for cumulative metrics: (i) arithmetic mean of annual defoliation level; (ii) geometric mean of annual defoliation level; (iii) Area Under the defoliation time Curve (AUC), i.e., the cumulative sum of defoliation levels; and for the overall trend: (iv) the estimated slope of the linear regression line for defoliation level over time. Finally, some of the metrics reflect defoliation severity and repetition along the 10-year time series, and their potentially time-lagged effects: (i) maximum defoliation level; (ii) total number of years elapsed after the dieback peak level, whether successive or not; (iii) the number of peaks, consecutive or discontinuous, i.e., the number of severe defoliation events and defoliation frequency; and (iv) duration of the longest peak, i.e., the longest continuous time during which the level of defoliation was greater than the relative threshold.</span></p> <p><span>A peak in defoliation was defined as a year in which the level of defoliation exceeded a relative threshold, i.e., the third quartile value. In our 10-year time series, the peak value was 25% and above. <span><span> </span></span></span></p>
Replication package for: The real effects of monetary expansions: evidence from a large-scale historical experiment
<p>The replication materials contain a README file, STATA datasets and do-files. This replication package for Palma (2021) constructs the entire analysis from the data sources described in the published paper, using STATA. The replicator should expect the code to run for less than 10 minutes.</p> <p>Palma, N. (2021). The real effects of monetary expansions: evidence from a large-scale historical experiment. Review of Economic Studies, forthcoming</p> <p> </p>
Effects of a Vibro-Tactile P300 Based Brain-Computer Interface on the Coma Recovery Scale-Revised in Patients With Disorders of Consciousness
<p>Persons diagnosed with disorders of consciousness (DOC) typically suffer from motor and cognitive disabilities. Recent research has shown that non-invasive brain-computer interface (BCI) technology could help assess these patients’ cognitive functions and command following abilities. 20 DOC patients participated in the study and performed 10 vibro-tactile P300 BCI sessions over 10 days with 8–12 runs each day. Vibrotactile tactors were placed on the each patient’s left and right wrists and one foot. Patients were instructed, via earbuds, to concentrate and silently count vibrotactile pulses on either their left or right wrist that presented a target stimulus and to ignore the others. Changes of the BCI classification accuracy were investigated over the 10 days. In addition, the Coma Recovery Scale-Revised (CRS-R) score was measured before and after the 10 vibro-tactile P300 sessions. In the first run, 10 patients had a classification accuracy above chance level (>12.5%). In the best run, every patient reached an accuracy ≥60%. The grand average accuracy in the first session for all patients was 40%. In the best session, the grand average accuracy was 88% and the median accuracy across all sessions was 21%. The CRS-R scores compared before and after 10 VT3 sessions for all 20 patients, are showing significant improvement (<em>p</em> = 0.024). Twelve of the twenty patients showed an improvement of 1 to 7 points in the CRS-R score after the VT3 BCI sessions (mean: 2.6). Six patients did not show a change of the CRS-R and two patients showed a decline in the score by 1 point. Every patient achieved at least 60% accuracy at least once, which indicates successful command following. This shows the importance of repeated measures when DOC patients are assessed. The improvement of the CRS-R score after the 10 VT3 sessions is an important issue for future experiments to test the possible therapeutic applications of vibro-tactile and related BCIs with a larger patient group.</p>
Incorporating the effect of large-scale vertical motion on convection through convective mass flux adjustment in E3SMv2
<p>Simulation data for the manuscript entitled of "Incorporating the effect of large-scale vertical motion on convection through convective mass flux adjustment in E3SMv2". </p>
Exploring the Effects of LC Parameters on Retention Indices of Small Molecules using Amine Scaling - Supplementary Data
<p>In this document the retention times, calculated retention indices and calculated delta retention indices can be found that were used for the thesis on <strong>Exploring the Effects of LC Parameters on Retention Indices of Small Molecules using Amine Scaling</strong>, as well as the raw-data files of the performed measurements.</p>
Data from: Scale-dependent effects of landscape structure on pollinator traits, species interactions and pollination success
<p>Data: Plant-pollinator interactions, pollinator body size (inter-tegular distance, ITD) and plant reproductive success (number of seeds produced).<br><br>Data collected by Christie J. Webber. <br><br>Data collected in 14 experimental flowering plant patches during December 2012–February 2013. Patches were located in a 105 hectare sheep farm pasture in Oxford, North Canterbury, New Zealand (43°19'21"S 172°12'25"E).</p> <p>Files:</p> <ul> <li>Data_S1: contains plant-pollinator interactions sampled and pollinator inter-tegular distance (ITD). Data_S1 columns: patch ID where the interaction was recorded, plant species, pollinator ITD (mm), and pollinator family, genus and species.</li> <li>Data_S2: contains the number of seeds produced by each of the five flowers of each plant individual from each plant species on each patch. Data_S2 columns: patch ID where the measurement was taken, plant species, plant number (individual sampled), number of seeds.</li> </ul> <p>Dataset used in "Scale-dependent effects of landscape structure on pollinator traits, species interactions and pollination success" by G. Peralta, C.J. Webber, G.L.W. Perry, D.B. Stouffer, D.P. Vázquez and J.M. Tylianakis.</p>
A laboratory-scale simulation framework for analyzing wildfire hydrologic and water quality effects
<p>Datasets containing information on experimental conditions for each tested soil sample, measured hydrologic and water quality responses, and calculated response metrics.</p>
Effective management for deadwood-dwelling lichen diversity requires landscape-scale habitat protection
<ol> <li>Habitat loss is considered a major threat for biodiversity. However, the scales on which its effects occur are still insufficiently understood, namely, is the amount of available habitat important for species richness on both local and landscape scales? We studied the effects of local and landscape-scale habitat amount on local-scale species density of deadwood-dependent lichens in Swedish boreal forests. Creation and retention of dead wood are common practices to benefit forest biodiversity, and recognizing the relevant scale is critical for them to be successful.</li> <li>We surveyed deadwood-dependent lichens in 90 unmanaged forest stands that differed in the local and landscape habitat amount. The local habitat amount was measured as the amount of dead wood in the sampled stands (m<sup>2</sup> dead wood/ha), while six alternative proxies were used to estimate the landscape habitat amount, i.e., the amount of dead wood in the landscapes surrounding the sampled forest stands. Lichen species density (number of species per standardized dead wood area of 3.7 m<sup>2</sup>) was modelled as a function of local habitat amount and landscape habitat amount at multiple scales (300 m – 5 km from the stands).</li> <li>We found that lichen species density increased with the landscape habitat amount. The proportion of old forests (> 100 years, including newly clear-cut stands that until recently were old forests) within 5 km from the studied stands explained species density better than the other proxies of landscape habitat amount. Local dead wood amount did not affect species density, and there was no interaction between the local and landscape habitat amount. </li> <li> <em>Synthesis and applications</em>: To promote the conservation of deadwood-dependent lichens, the amount of old forests in managed forest landscapes should be maintained or increased. A certain amount of dead wood hosted more lichen species when situated in a landscape with more old forest, while there was no effect of the local dead wood amount. This suggests that management aimed at increasing the local species density of deadwood-dwelling lichens should focus on creating and maintaining habitat in the surrounding landscape rather than on only adding deadwood to that local site. In other words, effective management for deadwood-dependent lichen diversity requires landscape-scale habitat protection.</li> </ol>
Throughfall exclusion and fertilization effects on tropical dry forest tree plantations, a large-scale experiment
<p>Across tropical ecosystems, global environmental change is causing drier climatic conditions and increased nutrient deposition. Such changes represent large uncertainties due to unknown interactions between drought and nutrient availability in controlling ecosystem net primary productivity (NPP). Using a large-scale manipulative experiment, we studied for 4 years whether nutrient availability affects the individual and integrated responses of aboveground and belowground ecosystem processes to throughfall exclusion in 30-year-old mixed plantations of tropical dry forest tree species in Guanacaste, Costa Rica. We used a factorial design with four treatments: control, fertilization (F), drought (D), and drought + fertilization (D + F). While we found that a 13 %–15 % reduction in soil moisture only led to weak effects in the studied ecosystem processes, NPP increased as a function of F and D + F. The relative contribution of each biomass flux to NPP varied depending on the treatment, with woody biomass being more important for F and root biomass for D + F and D. Moreover, the F treatment showed modest increases in maximum canopy cover. Plant functional type (i.e., N fixation or deciduousness) and not the experimental manipulations was the main source of variation in tree growth. Belowground processes also responded to experimental treatments, as we found a decrease in nodulation for F plots and an increase in microbial carbon use efficiency 25 for F and D plots. Our results emphasize that nutrient availability, more so than modest reductions in soil moisture, limits ecosystem processes in tropical dry forests and that soil fertility interactions with other aspects of drought intensity (e.g., vapor pressure deficit) are yet to be explored.</p>
Data from: Dominant species determine grazing effects on the stability of herbaceous community production at multiple scales in drylands
<p><span>Sustainable provision of critical ecosystem services in drylands is reliant on their stability under anthropogenic disturbances. Livestock grazing and shrub encroachment are the primary drivers of disturbance that impact their biodiversity and production dynamics. However, the effects of grazing on the stability at multiple scales, particularly following the transition from grass-dominated to shrub-encroached drylands, is still largely unexplored</span><span>.</span></p> <p><span>Here, we conducted comparable sheep-grazing experiments in two types of drylands (grass-dominated vs. shrub-encroached grasslands) on the Mongolia Plateau to explore the effects of grazing and shrub encroachment on biodiversity and stability at multiple scales. We examined how grazing affected the temporal stability of aboveground biomass in herbaceous communities in both grass-dominated and shrub-encroached grasslands, through two potential mechanisms: insurance effects and changes in the population-level stability of individual species.</span></p> <p><span>We found that an increase in sheep grazing intensity had significant and negative effects on insurance effects by decreasing both species asynchrony and spatial asynchrony but it had no effects on population stability, consequently leading to reductions in herbaceous community stability of the grasslands. However, grazing-increased insurance effects canceled out grazing-decreased population stability, contributing to no changes in the community stability of shrub-encroached grasslands. Likely, because grazing-induced reductions in the relative abundance of the dominant species were more noticeable in shrub-encroached grasslands than that of in grasslands. Moreover, the grazing-decreased abundance of dominant species was directly correlated to increases in insurance effects in shrub-encroached grasslands but not in grasslands, despite the positive relationships between population stability and the relative abundance of the dominant species in both grass-dominated and shrub-encroached drylands. </span></p> <p><em><span>Synthesis and applications.</span></em><span> Our results indicate that grazing can decrease the stability of herbaceous production in drylands, but this negative effect is attenuated with the transition from grasslands to shrub-encroached grasslands, suggesting that grazing effects on herbaceous community stability can be altered by shrub encroachment in drylands. Furthermore, the stability of dominant grasses plays a crucial role in stabilizing herbaceous communities, and should be considered in promoting sustainable ecosystem functioning and services in drylands.</span></p>
Tidal Effects on Dynamics and Freshwater Transport of a Medium-scale River Plume with Multiple Outlets
<p>Data for submitted paper "Tidal Effects on Dynamics and Freshwater Transport of a Medium-scale River Plume with Multiple Outlets"</p>
The Effect of Bristle Brush, Rubber Cup, and Air Polishing on Tooth Surface Roughness of Scaled Teeth
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06857474. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 5.
Comparing Treatments for HIV-Infected Opioid Users in an Integrated Care Effectiveness Study (CHOICES) Scale-Up
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03275350. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 3.
Effect of Liraglutide on Body Weight in Non-diabetic Obese Subjects or Overweight Subjects With Co-morbidities: SCALE™ - Obesity and Pre-diabetes
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01272219. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 29. Publications: 17.
Analysing the Psychosocial Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic on Dental Professionals Using the Turkish Version of the Fear of COVID-19 and Coronavirus Anxiety Scales
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04674644. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 4.
Effect of Liraglutide in Obese Subjects With Moderate or Severe Obstructive Sleep Apnoea: SCALE™ - Sleep Apnoea
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01557166. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 2. Publications: 6.
Effect of Neuromuscular Block and Arterial PCO2 on Surgical Rating Scale (SRS), Following Reversal With Sugammadex
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01968447. IPD Sharing: UNDECIDED. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.