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214 results for “Seaweeds”
Data from: Pre-domestication bottlenecks of the cultivated seaweed Gracilaria chilensis
<p><em><span>Gracilaria</span></em><span><em> chilensis</em> is the main cultivated seaweed in Chile.</span> <span>The low genetic diversity observed in the Chilean population has been associated with the over-exploitation of natural beds and/or the founder effect that occurred during the post-glacial colonization from New Zealand. How these processes have affected its evolutionary trajectory before farming and incipient domestication is poorly understood. </span><span>In this study, we used 2,232 SNPs to assess how the species' evolutionary history in New Zealand (its region of origin), the founder effect linked to transoceanic dispersion and colonization of South America, and the recent over-exploitation of natural populations have influenced the genetic architecture of <em>G</em>. <em>chilensis</em> in Chile. The contrasting patterns of genetic diversity and structure observed between the two main islands in New Zealand attest to the important effects of Quaternary glacial cycles on <em>G</em>. <em>chilensis</em>. ABC analyses indicated that Chatham Island and South America were colonized independently near the end of the Last Glacial Maximum and emphasized the importance of coastal and oceanic currents during that period. Furthermore, ABC analyses inferred the existence of a recent and strong genetic bottleneck in Chile, matching the period of over-exploitation of the natural beds during the 1970s, followed by rapid demographic expansion linked to active clonal propagation used in farming. Recurrent genetic bottlenecks strongly eroded the genetic diversity of <em>G</em>. <em>chilensis</em> prior to its cultivation, raising important challenges for the management of genetic resources in this incipiently domesticated species. </span></p>
Standardizing ID-Labels for seaweed samples used for chemical composition analyses and refinery processes in Nordic and European research projects
<p><strong>Introduction</strong></p> <p>Seaweed samples can be divided into two groups:</p> <ol> <li>Small samples (½-3 kg wet weight (ww)) often used for chemical content analyses including seasonal variation and testing different cultivation conditions or preliminary lab scale experiments on storage, extraction, separation, fermentation, etc.</li> <li>Larger samples (>3 kg ww) for lab- or pilot scale experiments on storage, extraction, separation, fermentation, etc.</li> </ol> <p>Seaweed samples will always have the following information-tracks:</p> <ol> <li><strong>Sample Code: </strong>A ID containing the most important information and the sample code will follow the sampled biomass from harvest to final research results.</li> <li><strong>Seaweed Processing Code:</strong> The sample code will be extended with 8 digits and 1 letter if processing of biomass occurs.</li> <li><strong>Batch Number:</strong> A code describing details about the harvest and origin of the seaweed.</li> <li><strong>Sample Overview:</strong> An Excel file describing all details about the sample: first <strong>sample code</strong>, then species, grinding, freezing/drying specifications, seeding and harvesting information, planed aim of the sample (e.g. polysaccharides), place stored, seaweed processing details, analyse results, etc. Maintained by the sample provider.</li> </ol>
Fig. 6. Heavily infected Ephelota gigantea. Arrow shows a parasite with a stalk and a in Morphological, Developmental, and Ecological Characteristics of the Suctorian Ciliate Ephelota gigantea (Ciliophora, Phyllopharyngea, Ephelotidae) Found on Cultured Wakame Seaweed in Northeastern Japan
Fig. 6. Heavily infected Ephelota gigantea. Arrow shows a parasite with a stalk and a tentacle.
Fig 1 in Nutritional content of marine macroalgae (Seaweeds) from Kanyakumari coastal district, Tamil Nadu, India
Fig 1: Photographs of marine macro algae (sea weeds).
Understanding the local drivers of beta-diversity patterns under climate change: The case of seaweed communities in Galicia, North West of the Iberian Peninsula
<p>Aim: To understand spatial-temporal changes (beta-diversity) in coastal communities and their drivers in the context of climate change. Coastal ecosystems are extremely exposed and dynamic, where changes in seaweed assemblages have been associated with changing water temperatures. However, at the local scale, the effects of changes in the upwelling events and related stressors seek further exploration.<br> <br> Location: Galicia rías, North West of the Iberian Peninsula<br> <br> Methods: Using data collected in 42 sampling localities in Galicia rias and over two time periods (1998 and 2014), we analyzed changes in the seaweed community's composition through time and space. We calculated the temporal beta diversity index and spatial beta diversity as the pairwise composition differences between sampling localities. We use generalized dissimilarity models, to identify local environmental drivers of spatial and temporal beta-diversity.<br> <br> Results: We found a significant change in seaweed communities of Galicia rias, between 1998 and 2014 (temporal beta-diversity). They were mostly related to species loss rather than to species replacement. The dissimilarity among localities (spatial beta diversity) was significantly higher in 2014 than 1998. Nitrate concentration was consistently predicted as the main driver of both temporal and spatial beta-diversity patterns.<br> <br> Main conclusions: Unlike other studies in marine ecosystems, our results suggest that observed changes in the structure of perennial seaweed assemblages in Galicia Rias might lead to a local biotic heterogenization, indirectly linked to climate change through changes in nutrients availability and the upwelling intensity. Changes in Galicia seaweed communities call scientific attention to the importance of local stressors in climate change studies.</p>
Ultrasonication followed by enzymatic hydrolysis as a sample pre-treatment for the determination of Ag nanoparticles in edible seaweed by SP-ICP-MS
<p>Seaweed can bioaccumulate <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/chemistry/nanomaterial">nanomaterials</a> that would be transferred to the trophic chain. This work describes the optimization of a method for the separation of <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/chemistry/silver-nanoparticle">silver nanoparticles</a> (AgNPs) from seaweed using an ultrasound-assisted <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/chemistry/enzymatic-hydrolysis">enzymatic hydrolysis</a> method and ulterior determination by single particle <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/chemistry/inductively-coupled-plasm-mass-spectrometry-icpms">inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry</a> (SP-ICP-MS).</p> <p>The following parameters affecting the isolation of AgNPs were optimized using a <em>Palmaria palmata</em> (red seaweed) sample previously exposed to AgNPs: type of <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/chemistry/sonication">sonication</a> (bath vs. ultrasonic probe), ultrasound amplitude, sonication time, sonication mode (pulsed vs. continuous sonication), concentration of the enzymes mixture (Macerozyme R-10®), and enzymatic hydrolysis time. The stability of AgNPs during extraction was tested by <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/chemistry/transmission-electron-microscopy">transmission electron microscopy</a> (TEM) and using a standard of 15 nm of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-coated AgNPs analyzed by SP-ICP-MS. The analytical performance was evaluated with good results. For total Ag determination, the limits of detection and quantification were 2.2 and 7.7 ng g<sup>−1</sup>, respectively; and for AgNPs determination, the limits of detection in size and number were 14 nm and 4.34 × 10<sup>7</sup> part g<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. Besides, the matrix effect, the repeatability and the analytical recovery were also studied. Finally, the method was applied to the analysis of several red (<em>Palmaria palmata</em>) and green (<em>Ulva</em> sp.) seaweed samples.</p>
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles assessment in seaweeds by single particle inductively coupled plasma – Mass spectrometry
<p>n this study, a first attempt for isolating and determining (characterising) background levels of <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/chemistry/titanium-dioxide-nanoparticle">titanium dioxide nanoparticles</a> (TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs) in seaweed has been developed by using single particle inductively coupled plasma – mass spectrometry (SP-ICP-MS). Seaweeds were processed using an optimised <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/chemistry/ultrasound-extraction">ultrasound assisted extraction</a> (UAE) procedure based on <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/chemistry/tetramethylammonium-hydroxide">tetramethylammonium hydroxide</a> (TMAH) before dilution and SP-ICP-MS analysis. The effect of the TMAH percentage in the extracting solution, as well as the volume of extracting solution and <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/chemistry/sonication">sonication</a> (extraction) time, has been fully assessed. Additional experiments also showed that TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs were quantitatively released from the seaweed matrix in one UAE step since the analysis of residues gave TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs concentrations lower than the limit of quantification (LOQ) of the method. Validation of the method with 50 and 100 nm TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs (10 μg L<sup>−1</sup> as Ti) showed good analytical recovery (115% and 112% for 50 and 100 nm TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs, respectively), and good reproducibility (2% for size and 16% for number of TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs). Experiments regarding TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs stability showed that the extracted NPs are stable since there were not changes on the number of TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs and TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs size distributions when exposing TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs standards to the optimised extractive conditions.</p>
Data for: Bed-scale impact and recovery of a commercially important intertidal seaweed
<p>As the value of ecosystem-based management (EBM) approaches is increasingly recognized in marine ecosystems, it is critical that the impacts of resource harvest are assessed at various spatial scales. This is particularly true for habitat-forming resources, such as wild seaweeds, that act as foundation species by physically structuring ecosystems. The impacts of spatially heterogeneous harvest may change with scale and have different management implications based on the ecosystem process or organism under consideration. <em>Ascophyllum</em> <em>nodosum</em> (hereafter rockweed) is a canopy-forming fucoid seaweed endemic to rocky coastlines in the North Atlantic Ocean that has been harvested for centuries. We conducted a Before-After Control-Impact study of commercial rockweed harvest at 38 sites across the coast of Maine (USA) from 2018 to 2020 in an effort to understand impact and one-year recovery of two rockweed bed structural characteristics, height and biomass, at a scale similar to a single harvest event. Our results indicate that rockweed harvest is spatially heterogeneous at the scale of the rockweed bed, and as a result, the effect sizes of harvest at this scale are smaller than those reported in previous studies that assessed smaller spatial scales. Mean rockweed biomass recovered to pre-harvest values after one year of recovery, but mean rockweed height remained lower at impacted sites. While post-harvest recovery was generally high in our study, sites that experienced higher intensities of harvest were less likely to fully recover height or biomass one year post-harvest. Our findings provide resource managers with a bed-scale perspective that can inform EBM approaches, particularly for population-level management of harvested resources and impacts of harvest on highly mobile organisms—such as birds and fish—that interact with these ecosystems at larger spatial scales.</p>
Sexual selection in seaweed? Testing Bateman's principles in the red alga Gracilaria gracilis
<p>In anisogamous species, sexual selection is expected to be stronger in males. Bateman's principles state that the variance in (i) reproductive and (ii) mating success is greater for males and (iii) the relationship between reproductive success and mating success (the Bateman gradient) is also stronger for males than for females. Sexual selection, based on Bateman's principles, has been demonstrated in animals and some angiosperms, but never in seaweed. Here we focus on the oogamous haploid-diploid rhodophyte <em>Gracilaria gracilis</em> in which previous studies have shown evidence for non-random mating, suggesting the existence of male-male competition and female choice. We estimated mating and reproductive success using paternity analyses in a natural population where up to 92% of fertilizations occurred between partners of that population. The results show that the variance in mating success is significantly greater in males than in females and that the Bateman gradient is positive only in males. Distance to female partners also explains a minor part of the variance in male mating success. Although there is no evidence for sexual dimorphism, our study supports the hypothesis that sexual selection occurs in <em>G. gracilis</em>, likely on male traits, even if we cannot observe, qualify, or quantify them yet.</p>
Seaweed supplementation to organic dairy cows may reduce climate impact of manure in pasture soils during a laboratory incubation
<p>The attached dataset is the data used in the laboratory incubation titled "Seaweed supplementation to organic dairy cows may reduce climate impact of manure in pasture soils during a laboratory incubation" accepted for publication in Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Environment.</p>
Therapeutic Effect of Green Seaweed Against Metabloc Syndrome
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05786534. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Season-specific impacts of climate change on canopy-forming seaweed communities
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Propagule composition regulates the success of an invasive seaweed across a heterogeneous seascape
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Global biogeography and diversification of a group of brown seaweeds (Phaeophyceae) driven by clade-specific evolutionary processes
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Data from: Pulsed seaweed subsidies drive sequential shifts in the effects of lizard predators on island food webs
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Thermal performance of seaweeds and seagrasses across a regional climate gradient
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Data for: Effect of seaweed canopy disturbance on understory microbial communities on rocky shores
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Data for: Bed-scale impact and recovery of a commercially important intertidal seaweed
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Datasets: thermal plasticity is independent of environmental history in an intertidal seaweed
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Seaweed functional diversity revisited: confronting traditional groups with quantitative traits
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