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385 results for “Shading”
Data for: Altered Circadian Rhythm, Sleep, and Rhodopsin 7-Dependent Shade Preference During Diapause in Drosophila Melanogaster
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Data from: Thinning and prescribed burning increase shade-tolerant conifer regeneration in a fire excluded mixed-conifer forest
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Data from: Shade tolerance controls the spectrum of crown sizes and its response to local competition across European and North American tree species: Implications for light interception strategies
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Data from: Native shade trees aid bird conservation in tea plantations in southern India
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Global overview of cloud-, snow-, and shade-free Landsat (1982-2024) and Sentinel-2 (2015-2024) data
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Habitat selection in transformed landscapes and the role of forest remnants and shade coffee in the conservation of resident birds
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Weak overcomes strong in sensory integration: Shading warps the disparity field
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Interactive effects of sun-shade and dry-wet treatments on seedlings of four beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) provenances
<p>We tested whether seedlings of four beech provenances, from contrasting edaphoclimatic environments, expressed differences in trait responses to imposed water stress under sun and shade treatments. Populations from the southern range margin were expected to display greater water-stress tolerance and core populations faster growth rates in the absence of abiotic limitations.</p> <p>Seedlings germinated under controlled conditions and were grown under controlled light-x-watering treatment combinations comprising shade/sun (main plot factor) and well-watered/water-limited (split-plot factor) groups. Beech seedlings remained under the experimental conditions from May through to September.</p> <p>Multiple sampling of growth (height, branching, number of leaves, leaf length, and root collar diameter), and leaves traits reflecting photosynthetic productivity and stress tolerance were made during the spring and summer. Leaf level gas exchange was measured by IRGA, leaf pigmentation by multiple optical sensors, leaf water potential with a pressure chamber, as well as plants and leaf morphological traits at the end of the experiment.</p> <p>Methods and Results are described in detail in the manuscript: Title: <strong>Seedlings from marginal and core populations of European beech (<em>Fagus sylvatica </em>L.) respond differently to imposed drought and shade. </strong>Authors: Fang Wang, David Israel, José-Alberto Ramírez-Valiente, David Sánchez-Gómez, Ismael Aranda, Pedro J Aphalo, T Matthew Robson.</p> <p>Files added are:"OverallData.xlsx" are the raw leaf level data collected in the experiment for the traits recorded, arranged in spreadsheets according to measurement type. Sheets are: "SoilMoistureRData", "PARData", "GasExchangeFigureData", "LeafObsData", "GrowthData", "LeafTraitsFigureData".</p> <p>"SummaryData.xlsx" are the individual replicate plot level summary data (calculated from the OverallData in R) for use in statistical analyses. Sheets are: "comparison", "GasExchangeSummary", "LeafTraitsSummary".</p> <p>"FMIradiation1hrData.xlsx" and "FMIradiation10minData.xlsx" Downloaded FMI irradiance data for the period of the experiment from Kumpula Meteorological Station (at 1hr and at 10 min interval), organised and arranged in spreadsheets: FMIradiation....xlsx files</p> <p>"Statistical Tables.docx" are summaries of the statistical tables calculated from the experimental data.</p> <p>"Statistics.zip" contains individual excel files showing the statistical analyses, least squared means, and pairwise comparisons for each analysed trait, plus the statistical code used to run these analyses. One file put trait- these files are summarised in "Statistical Tables.docx"</p> <p>"Plasticity Index.docx" show the results of calculated plasticity index for each of the traits measured, and details of how this calculation was performed.</p>
Data from: Effects of Habitat Structure and Adjacent Habitats on Birds in Tropical Rainforest Fragments and Shaded Plantations in the Western Ghats, India
<p>This dataset includes bird community, habitat structure, and vegetation data from the following publication:</p> <p>Raman, T.R.S. 2006. Effects of Habitat Structure and Adjacent Habitats on Birds in Tropical Rainforest Fragments and Shaded Plantations in the Western Ghats, India. <em>Biodiversity and Conservation</em> 15: 1577–1607. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-005-2352-5</p> <p><strong>Abstract: </strong>As large nature reserves occupy only a fraction of the earth's land surface, conservation biologists are critically examining the role of private lands, habitat fragments, and plantations for conservation. This study in a biodiversity hotspot and endemic bird area, the Western Ghats mountains of India, examined the effects of habitat structure, floristics, and adjacent habitats on bird communities in shade-coffee and cardamom plantations and tropical rainforest fragments. Habitat and birds were sampled in 13 sites: six fragments (three relatively isolated and three with canopy connectivity with adjoining shade-coffee plantations and forests), six plantations differing in canopy tree species composition (five coffee and one cardamom), and one undisturbed primary rainforest control site in the Anamalai hills. Around 3300 detections of 6000 individual birds belonging to 106 species were obtained. The coffee plantations were poorer than rainforest in rainforest bird species, particularly endemic species, but the rustic cardamom plantation with diverse, native rainforest shade trees, had bird species richness and abundance comparable to primary rainforest. Plantations and fragments that adjoined habitats providing greater tree canopy connectivity supported more rainforest and fewer open-forest bird species and individuals than sites that lacked such connectivity. These effects were mediated by strong positive effects of vegetation structure, particularly woody plant variables, cane, and bamboo, on bird community structure. Bird community composition was however positively correlated only to floristic (tree species) composition of sites. The maintenance or restoration of habitat structure and (shade) tree species composition in shade-coffee and cardamom plantations and rainforest fragments can aid in rainforest bird conservation in the regional landscape.</p>
Data and code from "A dimmer shade of pale: revealing the faint signature of local assembly processes on the structure of strongly filtered plant communities"
<p>Trait-based ecology suggests that abiotic filtering is the main mechanism structuring the regional species pool in different subsets of habitat-specific species. At more local spatial scales, other ecological processes may add on giving rise to complex patterns of functional diversity (FD). Understanding how assembly processes operating on the habitat-specific species pools produce the locally observed plant assemblages is an ongoing challenge. Here, we evaluated the importance of different processes to community assembly in an alpine fellfield, assessing its effects on local plant trait FD. Using classical randomization tests and linear mixed models, we compared the observed FD with expectations from three null models that hierarchically incorporate additional assembly constraints: stochastic null models (random assembly), independence null models (each species responding individual and independently to abiotic environment), and co-occurrence null models (species responding to environmental variation and to the presence of other species). We sampled species composition in 115 quadrats across 24 locations in the central Pyrenees (Spain) that differed in soil conditions, solar radiation and elevation. Overall, the classical randomization tests were unable to find differences between the observed and expected functional patterns, suggesting that the strong abiotic filters that sort out the flora of extreme regional environments blur any signal of other local processes. However, our approach based on linear mixed models revealed the signature of different ecological processes. In the case of seed mass and leaf thickness, observed FD significantly deviated from the expectations of the stochastic model, suggesting that fine-scale abiotic filtering and facilitation can be behind these patterns. Our study highlights how the hierarchical incorporation of ecological additional constraints may shed light on the dim signal left by local assembly processes in alpine environments.</p>
Data From: Contrasting physiological traits of shade tolerance in Pinus and Podocarpaceae native to a tropical Vietnamese forest: Insight from an aberrant flat-leaved pine
<p>The absence of pines from tropical forests is a puzzling biogeographical oddity potentially explained by traits of shade intolerance. <i>Pinus krempfii</i>, a flat-leaved pine endemic to the Central Highlands of Vietnam, provides a notable exception as it seems to successfully compete with shade-tolerant tropical species. Here, we test the hypothesis that successful conifer performance at the juvenile stage depends on physiological traits of shade tolerance by comparing the physiological characteristics of <i>P. krempfii </i>to coexisting species from the genus <i>Pinus</i> and from the Podocarpaceae, a relatively abundant and shade tolerant conifer family found in pantropical forests. We examined leaf photosynthetic, respiratory and biochemical traits. Additionally, we compiled attainable maximum photosynthesis, maximum RuBP carboxylation (<i>Vc</i><sub>max</sub>) and maximum electron transport (<i>J</i><sub>max</sub>) values for <i>Pinus</i> and Podocarpaceae species from the literature. In our literature compilation, <i>P. krempfii </i>was intermediate between <i>Pinus</i> and Podocarpaceae in its maximum photosynthesis and its <i>Vc</i><sub>max</sub>. <i>Pinus</i> exhibited a higher <i>Vc</i><sub>max</sub> than Podocarpaceae, resulting in a less steep slope in the linear relationship between <i>J</i><sub>max</sub> and <i>Vc</i><sub>max</sub>. These results suggest that <i>Pinus </i>may be more shade intolerant than Podocarpaceae with <i>P. krempfii </i>falling between the two groups. However, in contrast, Vietnamese conifers' leaf mass per areas and biochemical traits did not highlight the same intermediate nature of <i>P. krempfii</i>. Furthermore, regardless of leaf shape or family assignation, all species demonstrated a common carbon gain efficiency. Overall, our findings highlight the importance of shade tolerance for conifer survival in tropical forests. However, they also demonstrate a diversity of shade tolerance strategies, all of which lead to the persistence of Vietnamese juvenile conifers in low-light tropical understories.</p>
Data from: Shading enhances plant species richness and diversity on an extensive green roof
<p>Green roofs can promote biodiversity in urban areas. The extent to which green roofs stimulate plant diversity can depend on roof characteristics such as roof age, substrate depth and shading. We exploratively studied the vegetation on a Dutch green roof in 50 permanent plots (1 m<sup>2</sup>) over eight years (2012–2019) following roof construction. Plots were situated either on low substrate depth (6 cm light-weight extensive substrate) or high substrate depth (6 cm light-weight extensive substrate topped with 14 cm native soil) and differed in the amount of shading received from a higher building floor. Increased substrate depth and shading additively increased plant species richness and plant diversity, with high shaded plots supporting on average 6.4 more plant species than low unshaded plots. Shading likely acts via reducing drought stress, whereas increasing substrate depth with native soil may also enhance plant diversity via addition of nutrients and native seeds. The vegetation composition on the roof was dynamic and changed over the years. Sedum acre was initially dominant but disappeared within the first years, whereas Sedum kamtschaticum increased and became dominant in the last years. Trifolium arvense was the most abundant forb species and was especially dominant three years after roof construction. We conclude that increased substrate depth and shading can promote plant species richness and diversity and recommend that both aspects are considered when green roofs are designed. Shading can be achieved by a stepped building architecture and by placing structures on the roof itself, such as solar panels on standards.</p>
Data from: Shade trees preserve avian insectivore biodiversity on coffee farms in a warming climate
<p>Includes a dataset of avian insectivore occurance data from 77 avian insectivores from 1970 to 2018 used in "Shade trees preserve avian insectivore biodiversity on coffee farms in a warming climate" downloaded from GBIF. Also included are full Maxent models and raster projections for the best selected model for each species for all climate scenarios, as well as a file on which threshold was selected for each species. Also included is all R code used to generate the results, coffee farm locations where bird richness was estimated, and iButton temperature files.</p>
Shade-growing practices lessen the impact of coffee plantations on multiple dimensions of ant diversity
<p>1. Land use management influence changes in biodiversity beyond the targeted species. Management practices in coffee plantations have shifted from coffee growing below accompanying (shade) trees, to intensified monocultures in which coffee grows fully exposed to the sun. Anthropogenic disturbance causes changes in species composition relative to adjacent natural patches and reduces their biotic heterogeneity. Here, we assessed the impact of coffee plantation management practices on the taxonomical, phylogenetic, and functional composition of ant communities, an ecologically dominant group and crucial biological pest controller in these agroecosystems. We hypothesized that shade-grown coffee plantations would harbor ant communities similar to those of nearby forest patches, but dissimilar to those of intensified monocultures.</p> <p>2. We surveyed ant diversity in eight shade-grown coffee farms, eight intensive coffee monocultures and eight forest patches. We used a combination of active and passive sampling methods over two field campaigns spanning six months.</p> <p>3. Our results support our hypothesis for all diversity dimensions. Additionally, ant communities in intensified monocultures were taxonomically and functionally, but not phylogenetically, more homogeneous than those found in forest patches and shade-grown plantations.</p> <p>4. Synthesis and applications. Our findings support the idea that practices in shade-grown plantations buffer the impoverishment of multiple diversity dimensions after forest conversion. By assessing and integrating multiple biodiversity dimensions into management strategies, farmers and interested parties can minimize future biodiversity and ecosystem service loss.</p>
2005.002.007 Bag 5a Point 459 - shaded version
From the Connecticut State Museum of Natural History's Caldwell Collection of Neolithic Mali Points, Bag 5a, Point 449. Max height 31.99mm. Max width 16.43mm. GSD 0.0126 mm/pix, RMS reprojection error 0.527362 pix. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
2005.002.007 Bag 5b Point 390 - shaded version
From the Connecticut State Museum of Natural History's Caldwell Collection of Neolithic Mali Points, Bag 5b, Point 390. Max height 41.74mm. Max width 21.32mm. GSD 0.0156 mm/pix, RMS reprojection error 0.534514 pix. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Candi Gedong Songo IV (Shaded Model)
These model quite same with the first one. This model is shaded version. The data was taken using Smartphone (Samsung Galaxy J2 Pro). Model was built using Agisoft Metashape. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Shaded Sitting Area
This is a shaded sitting are found in Bayt Al-Suahymi court, the structure itself is made out of stones. The domed cube has four pointed arched openings on each side. The plain stone cubicinterior encloses an octagonal basin, and above this five tiers of crystalline stalactite niches (muqarnas form the squinches and zoneof transition that support the pointed dome). This zone is pierced onthe four sides by tall pointed windows with three lights, and smallerwindows above repeat the shapes of the muqarnas at regular intervals,admitting shafts of light into the interior. On the outside the zone of transition is strongly marked by stepped corners leading to thesmooth pointed dome crowned with a finial. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
2005.002.007 Bag 5a Point 440 - shaded version
From the Connecticut State Museum of Natural History's Caldwell Collection of Neolithic Mali Points. Bag 5a, Point 440. Max height 46.82mm. Max width 16.32mm. GSD 0.0203 mm/pix, RMS reprojection error 0.928455 pix. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
2005.002.007 Bag 5b Point 403 - shaded version
From the Connecticut State Museum of Natural History's Caldwell Collection of Neolithic Mali Points, Bag 5b, Point 403. Max height 44.89mm. Max width 19.72mm. GSD 0.0157 mm/pix, RMS reprojection error 0.430386 pix. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.