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523 results for “Sheep”
Data from: Identification of selection signals on the X-chromosome in East Adriatic sheep: a new complementary approach
<p>Sheep are one of the most important livestock species in Croatia, found mainly in the Mediterranean coastal and mountainous regions along the East Adriatic coast, well adapted to the environment and mostly kept extensively. Our main objective was therefore to map the positive selection of the X-chromosome (18,983 SNPs that passed quality control), since nothing is known about the adaptation genes on this chromosome for any of the breeds from the Balkan cluster. Analyses were performed on a sample of eight native Croatian breeds (101 females and 100 males) representing the East Adriatic metapopulation and on 10 mouflons (five females and males), all sampled in Croatia. Three classical within-population approaches (extreme Runs of Homozygosity islands, integration Haplotype Scores, and number of Segregating Sites by Length) were applied along with our new approach called Haplotype Richness Drop (HRiD), which uses only the information contained in male haplotypes. We have also shown that phylogenetic analyses, such as the Median-joining network, can provide additional information when performed with the selection signals identified by HRiD. Our new approach identifies positive selection signals by searching for genomic regions that exhibit a sudden decline in haplotype richness. In total, we identified 14 positive selection signals, 11 using the classical approach and three using the HRiD approach, all together containing 34 annotated genes. High repeatability (86%) of results was observed, as 12 identified selection signals were also confirmed in other studies with sheep. HRiD offers an interesting possibility to be used complementary to other approaches or when only males are genotyped, which is often the case in genomic breeding value estimations. These results highlight the importance of the X-chromosome in the adaptive architecture of domestic ruminants, while our novel HRiD approach opens new possibilities for research.</p>
FIG. 7 in The biometry of prehistoric Alpine sheep: exploring four millennia of human-sheep interaction by means of osteometry
FIG. 7. — LSI of sheep bone width measurements in Early Bronze Age Barche di Solferino.
FIG. 8 in The biometry of prehistoric Alpine sheep: exploring four millennia of human-sheep interaction by means of osteometry
FIG. 8. — LSI of sheep bone width measurements in Early Iron Age Terra Negra.
Fig. 3 in Nematodes Of The Genus Trichuris (Nematoda, Trichuridae), Parasitizing Sheep In Central And South-Eastern Regions Of Ukraine
Fig. 3. Tail end of ♀ in Т. globulosa (a); Т. оvis (b); T. skrjabini (c); × 400.
Fig. 5 in Nematodes Of The Genus Trichuris (Nematoda, Trichuridae), Parasitizing Sheep In Central And South-Eastern Regions Of Ukraine
Fig. 5. Vulval area of ♀ Т. globulosa (a); Т. оvis (b); T. skrjabini (c); ×100, ×400.
Seasonal weight loss effect in the hepatic fatty acid composition in Australian Merino, Damara and Dorper sheep
<p>Seasonal weight loss (SWL) is one of the major limitations in small ruminant production in drought-prone regions. The study of breeds with higher tolerance to the effects of SWL is particularly important to define breed selection strategies. In this work we evaluated the effect of SWL in the hepatic fatty acids profile in three ovine breeds with different levels of tolerance: the Merino (susceptible to SWL), the Dorper (intermediate tolerant to SWL), and Damara (tolerant to SWL). </p>
Assessing population structure and genetic diversity in U.S. Suffolk sheep to define a framework for genomic selection
<p>Long-term sustainability of breeds depends on having sufficient genetic diversity for adaptability to change, whether driven by climatic conditions or by priorities in breeding programs. Genetic diversity in Suffolk sheep in the U.S. was evaluated in four ways: 1) using genetic relationships from pedigree data [(n=64,310 animals recorded in the U.S. National Sheep Improvement Program (NSIP)]; 2) using molecular data (n=304 Suffolk genotyped with the OvineHD BeadChip); 3) comparing Australian (n=109) and Irish (n=55) Suffolk sheep to those in the U.S. using molecular data; and 4) assessing genetic relationships (connectedness) among active Suffolk flocks (n=18) in NSIP. By characterizing genetic diversity, a goal was to define the structure of a reference population for use for genomic selection strategies in this breed. Pedigree-based mean inbreeding level for the most recent year of available data was 5.5%. Ten animals defined 22.8% of the current gene pool. The effective population size (N<sub>e</sub>) ranged from 27.5 to 244.2 based on pedigree and was 79.5 based on molecular data. Expected (H<sub>E</sub>) and observed (H<sub>O</sub>) heterozygosity were 0.317 and 0.306, respectively. Model-based population structure included 7 subpopulations. From Principal Component Analysis, countries separated into distinct populations. Within the U.S. population, flocks formed genetically disconnected clusters. A decline in genetic diversity over time was observed from both pedigree and genomic-based derived measures with evidence of population substructure as measured by F<sub>ST</sub>. Using these measures of genetic diversity, a framework for establishing a genomic reference population in U.S. Suffolk sheep engaged in NSIP was proposed.</p>
Data from: Bighorn sheep show similar in-host responses to the same pathogen strain in two contrasting environments
<p>Ecological context – the biotic and abiotic environment, along with its influence on population mixing dynamics and individual susceptibility – are thought to have major bearing on epidemic outcomes. However, direct comparisons of disease events in contrasting ecological contexts in wildlife systems are often confounded by concurrent differences in host genetics, exposure histories, or pathogen strains. Here, we compare disease dynamics of a <em>Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae</em> spillover event that affected bighorn sheep populations in two contrasting ecological contexts. One event occurred on the herd's home range near the Rio Grande Gorge in New Mexico, while the other occurred in a captive facility at Hardware Ranch in Utah. While data collection regimens varied between the two sites, general patterns of antibody signal strength and symptom emergence were consistent. Symptoms appeared in the captive setting an average of 12.9 days post-exposure, average time to seroconversion was 24.9 days, and clinical signs peaked at approximately 36 days post-infection. These patterns were consistent with serological testing and subsequent declines in symptom intensity in the free-ranging herd. At the captive site, older animals exhibited more severe declines in body condition and loin thickness, higher symptom burdens, and slower antibody response to the pathogen than younger animals.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Younger animals were more likely than older animals to clear infection by the time of sampling at both sites. The patterns presented here suggest that environment may not be a major determinant of epidemiological outcomes in the bighorn sheep - <em>M. ovipneumoniae</em> system, elevating the possibility that host- or pathogen-factors may be responsible for observed variation.</p>
High-density genomic characterization of native Croatian sheep breeds
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>A recent comprehensive genomic analysis based on 50K SNP profiles has shown that the regional Balkan sheep populations have considerable genetic overlap but are distinctly different from surrounding breeds. All eight Croatian sheep breeds were represented by a small number of individuals per breed. Here, we genotyped 220 individuals representing the native Croatian sheep breeds (Istrian Sheep, Krk Island Sheep, Cres Island Sheep, Rab Island Sheep, Lika Pramenka, Pag Island Sheep, Dalmatian Pramenka, Dubrovnik Sheep) and mouflon using the Ovine Infinium® HD SNP BeadChip (606,006 SNPs). In addition, we included publicly available Balkan Pramenka and other Mediterranean sheep breeds. Our analyses revealed the complex population structure of Croatian sheep breeds and their origin and geographic barriers (island versus mainland). Migration patterns confirmed the historical establishment of breeds and the pathways of gene flow. Inbreeding coefficients (F<sub>ROH > 2 Mb</sub>) between sheep populations ranged from 0.025 to 0.070, with lower inbreeding coefficients observed in Dalmatian Pramenka and Pag Island Sheep and higher inbreeding in Dubrovnik sheep. The estimated effective population size ranged from 61 to 1039 for Krk Island Sheep and Dalmatian Pramenka, respectively. Higher inbreeding levels and lower effective population size indicate the need for improved conservation management to maintain genetic diversity in some breeds. Our results will contribute to breeding and conservation strategies of native Croatian sheep breeds.</span></p>
Data from: Fallow deer foraging alone does not preserve the vegetation of traditionally sheep-grazed calcareous grasslands
<p>The goal of this study was to evaluate to what extent wild ungulates (fallow deer) can contribute to the maintenance of semi-natural calcareous grasslands, which are a threatened habitat type (natura 2000 code *6210). In a ten-year exclosure experiment we tested the effects of ungulate foraging using three treatments: (A) control with combined foraging of herded sheep and wild fallow deer, (B) sheep exclosure with only deer foraging and (C) total exclosure with no foraging. Treatments not grazed by sheep (B, C) were characterized by significantly declining species numbers, litter accumulation and shrub encroachment. Despite high population densities, the effect of fallow deer alone (B) was weak: Succession of woody species was only partly inhibited, while annuals, short-growing and rosette-building plant species were strongly suppressed by litter accumulation. Only the combination of sheep and fallow deer foraging preserved vegetation structure and species richness and led to a promotion of target species. Synthesis and applications: We conclude that we need to continue the traditional land-use forms such as sheep grazing in order to maintain calcareous grasslands. However, we should also raise our awareness for wild animals and analyse more in depth their potential contribution to the conservation management of open habitats.</p>
Natural history of a bighorn sheep pneumonia epizootic
<p>A respiratory disease epizootic at the National Bison Range (NBR) in Montana in 2016-2017 caused an 85% decline in the bighorn sheep population, documented by observations of its unmarked but individually identifiable members, the subjects of an ongoing long-term study. The index case was likely one of a small group of young bighorn sheep on a short-term exploratory foray in early summer of 2016. Disease subsequently spread through the population, with peak mortality in September and October and continuing signs of respiratory disease and sporadic mortality of all age classes through early July 2017. Body condition scores and clinical signs suggested that the disease affected ewe groups before rams, although by the end of the epizootic ram mortality (90% of 71) exceeded ewe mortality (79% of 84). Microbiological sampling 10 years to 3 months prior to the epizootic had documented no evidence of infection or exposure to <i>Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae </i>at NBR, but during the epizootic a single genetic strain of <i>Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae </i>was detected in affected animals. Retrospective screening of domestic sheep flocks near the NBR identified the same genetic strain in one flock, presumptively the source of the epizootic infection. Evidence of fatal lamb pneumonia was observed during the first two lambing seasons following the epizootic but was absent during the third season following the death of the last identified <i>M. ovipneumoniae </i>carrier ewe. Monitoring of life history traits prior to the epizootic provided no evidence that environmentally and/or demographically induced nutritional or other stress contributed to the epizootic. Furthermore, the epizootic occurred despite proactive management actions undertaken to reduce risk of disease and increase resilience in this population. This closely observed bighorn sheep epizootic uniquely illustrates the natural history of the disease including the (presumptive) source of spillover, course, severity, and eventual pathogen clearance.</p>
Ból, Sheep shelter
Í vegaføringini millum Viðareiði og nýggja tunnilin, lá hetta bóli. Bólið varð fornfrøðiliga kannað og skrásett í 2014. Møguliga var talan um eina húsatoft, ið seinni varð endurnýtt sum ból. Kanningin vísti tó, at ongi hús hava verið á staðnum, áðrenn bólið bleiv bygt. Model by Helgi D. Michelsen Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Textiles: Glafira, "Wolves and Sheep"
The 3D model presents a digital reconstruction of historical textile materials for a theatrical costume for Glafira Alekseevna in the play "Wolves and Sheep" (1875) by A.N. Ostrovsky. The authors used 2D scanning to capture the look of the surfaces, post processed the images in PixPlant, generated texture maps in Photoshop and put those on the 3D models in SubstancePainter. The authors of the 3D model are Aleksei Moskvin and Mariia Moskvina (Saint Petersburg State University of Industrial Technologies and Design). The authors thank prof. Victor Kuzmichev (Ivanovo State Polytechnic University) for providing data required for digitization of textiles. The actual costume that can be seen in the photo was made by faculty members and students of Ivanovo State Polytechnic University. This work was supported by the Russian Historical Society and the History of the Fatherland Foundation under project titled "NashOstrovsky". DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.19956.22408 Please contact us if you require seamless textures. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Nativity Sheep
This sheep is part of my family's Nativity set that was laid out for the holidays in 2020. This was my second attempt at scanning using the Matter and Form Desktop 3D Laser Scanner. This project took about 3 1/2 hours to complete using the regular scan settings. The aim of this project was to test out the scanner capabilities between high contrast colors. The results of the scans was a success as the scanner was able to pick up both white and black colors of the object. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Data from: Analysis of genotyping data reveals the unique genetic diversity represented by the breeds of sheep native to the United Kingdom
<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sheep breeds native to the United Kingdom are noted for high breed variability and exhibit a striking diversity of different traits in phenotypes and genetic diversity. Some of these traits are highly sustainable, such as seasonal wool shedding in the Wiltshire Horn, are likely to become more important as pressures on sheep production increase in coming decades. Despite their clear importance to the future of sheep farming, the genetic diversity of native UK sheep breeds is poorly characterised. This increases the risk of losing the ability to select for breed-specific traits from native breeds that might be important to the UK sheep sector in the future. Here, we use 50K genotyping to perform preliminary analysis of breed relationships and genetic diversity within native UK sheep breeds, as a first step towards a comprehensive characterisation. This study generates novel data for thirteen native UK breeds, including 6 on the UK Breeds at Risk (BAR) list, and utilises existing data from the publicly available Sheep HapMap dataset to investigate population structure, heterozygosity and admixture.</p> <p><strong>Results: </strong>In this study the commercial breeds exhibited high levels of admixture, weaker population structure and had higher heterozygosity compared to the other native breeds, which generally tend to be more distinct, less admixed, and have lower genetic diversity and higher kinship coefficients. Some breeds including the Wiltshire Horn, Lincoln Longwool and Ryeland showed very little admixture at all, indicating a high level of breed integrity but potentially low genetic diversity. Population structure and admixture were strongly influenced by sample size and sample provenance – highlighting the need for equal sample sizes, sufficient numbers of individuals per breed, and sampling across multiple flocks. The genetic profiles both within and between breeds were highly complex for UK sheep, reflecting the complexity in the demographic history of these breeds.</p> <p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our results highlight the utility of genotyping data for investigating breed diversity and genetic structure. They also suggest that routine generation of genotyping data would be very useful in informing conservation strategies for rare and declining breeds with small populations sizes. We conclude that generating genetic resources for the sheep breeds that are native to the UK will help preserve the considerable genetic diversity represented by these breeds, and safe guard this diversity as a valuable resource for the UK sheep sector to utilise in the face of future challenges.</p>
Drone videos and their annotations of passing sheep (for counting purpose)
<p>The data below are part of the European H2020 project ICAERUS regarding the livestock monitoring use case. More information here : https://icaerus.eu/</p> <p>Counting sheep is particularly challenging for farmers with hundreds of animals in a flock. Our objective is to develop methodology based on computer vision to count sheep when they are passing in a corridor to coming back in a park or a pen. This first dataset will support our work. </p> <p>The dataset encompasses 4 .MP4 videos from drone (DJI mavic 3 Enterprise or Thermal) of around 50 sheep crossing a gate. <br>The videos were taken from 5m to 10m of height and to an horizontal distance of the gate from 0m to 10m. </p> <p>The videos come from previous datasets (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10400302) but have been modified to facilitate annotation: the duration of each video has been reduced to 30 seconds or less with 9 frames per second. Image size has been modified to 1440x1080 pixels.<br>Annotation files are available in MOTS and YOLO formats.</p> <p>This dataset encompasses the following data:<br>-----Videos: a directory were the videos are stored (4 videos, RGB images taken from 5 or 10m of altitude; images size of 1440x1080, videos taken with DJI MAVIC3T).<br>-------------crop_23.11.23-XX: a directory by flight containing the video of a unique flight, with the date (YY.MM.DD) and XX representing a mission number<br>-----MOT1.1: a directory with the annotations of cows at the MOTS format<br>-------------MOT1.1_crop_23.11.23-XX: a directory by flight containing the annotations, one annotation file referred to an unique image and have the same name except the extension<br>-----YOLO1.1: a directory with the annotations of cows at the YOLO format<br>-------------YOLO1.1_crop_23.11.23-XX: a directory by flight containing the annotations, one annotation file referred to an unique image and have the same name except the extension</p> <p>More videos will be published in the next months.</p> <p>For more information, please contact: adrien.lebreton@idele.fr </p> <p>The authors are opened to any collaborations on this topic.</p>
Fig. 2 in Traceback of the Psoroptes outbreak in British Columbian bighorn sheep (Ovis Canadensis)
Fig. 2. Map of the sample origin locations and associated host groups of Psoroptes samples used.
Sheep looking for shade
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Sheep looking for shade
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Sheep Grazing in vineyards - agrovitiforestry (near Mértola, South Portugal)
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