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694 results for “Size effect”
Unravelling arthropod movement in natural landscapes: small-scale effects of body size and weather conditions
<p>This dataset was used to run the analyses for Logghe et al. (2024). Unravelling arthropod movement in natural landscapes: small-scale effects of body size and weather conditions. Journal of Animal Ecology, 93(9), 1365-1379. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.14161">https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.14161</a></p> <p>"Arthropod_movement.csv" contains the results of experimental fieldwork, where movement speed and direction were recorded for individuals belonging to multiple arthropod species. Each row contains data on taxonomy, weather conditions, movement speed and movement direction of an individual measurement. Metadata is provided for the different columns.</p> <p>"Summary_observations.csv" gives an overview of the amount of individuals that were tested for each species. This dataset separates flying and cursorial movement, since several species were able to switch between these two modes.</p> <p><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <p><strong>Background: </strong>Movement is a crucial life history component and holds direct significance to population dynamics, thereby influencing population viability. For arthropods in general, larger species achieve greater dispersal distances and large scale movements are influenced by weather conditions. However, many aspects of arthropod movement behaviour remain relatively unexplored, especially on small spatial scales. Studies on this topic are scarce and often limited to a few specific species or laboratory conditions. Consequently, it remains uncertain whether the effects of body size and weather conditions can be generalized across a wide range of arthropod species in natural environments.</p> <p><strong>Methods: </strong>To help address this knowledge gap, we conducted a field study in two nature reserves in Belgium, focusing on both flying and cursorial arthropods. Over 200 different arthropod species were captured and released within a circular setup, allowing quantification of movement speed and direction. By analysing the relationship between these movement variables and morphological (body size) as well as environmental factors (temperature and wind), we aimed to gain insights into the mechanisms driving small-scale arthropod movement under natural conditions.</p> <p><strong>Results: </strong>For flying species, movement speed is positively correlated with both body size and (tail)wind speed. In contrast, movement speed of cursorial individuals was solely positively related with temperature. Notably, movement direction was biased towards the vegetated areas where the arthropods were originally caught, suggesting an internal drive to move towards suitable habitat. This tendency was particularly strong in larger flying individuals, in smaller cursorial species and under tailwind conditions. Furthermore, both flying and cursorial taxa were hindered from moving towards the habitat by strong upwind.</p> <p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Body size can be used as a useful proxy for not only movement speed, but orientation capacity as well. This movement-size correlation is, at least at small temporal scales, conditional to the prevailing wind conditions.</p>
Seedball technology counterbalances the effect of small seed-size and low soil nutrients on early pearl millet seedling performance
<p>In the African Sahel region, pearl millet (<em>Pennisetum glaucum</em> (L). R. Brown) is often produced in low-nutrient soils. Seed weight could vary between 4 and 44 mg per seed. Evidence shows chemically infertile soil and small seed size significantly reduce seedling establishment and, in turn, cause low grain yield. Seedball technology can potentially counterbalance this effect. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the influence of seedball on pearl millet seedling establishment. Conventionally sown and seedball-derived pearl millet seedlings of a local and an improved varieties were grown for 29 days from small and large seed sizes, in low- and medium-nutrient soils at a greenhouse of University of Hohenheim, Germany. Results showed that under low-nutrient conditions and with small seed sizes produced biomass was generally inferior to the other factor combinations. Seedball technology significantly enhanced seedling vigour, leaf number, plant height, dry matter, root length as well as fine root development, and nutrient uptake irrespective of soil nutrient level and seed size. These enhancement effects were more obvious in the local variety. A previous study revealed “early nutrient release in the seedling root zone” as seedball pearl millet seedling enhancement mechanism. The released nutrients presumably compensated for nutrient deficiency in low-nutrient soil and small seed seedlings. In the Sahelian pearl millet production system where (i) low soil nutrients, (ii) small seed sizes and (iii) local seed varieties are rampant, the application of the seedball technology under these conditions is proven effective for increased seedling vigour and is therefore recommended.</p>
Detecting an effect of group size on individual responses to neighboring groups in gray-cheeked mangabeys (Lophocebus albigena)
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Data from: Alternative life-history strategy contributions to effective population size in a naturally spawning Salmon population
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Data from: Cell size, photosynthesis and the package effect: an artificial selection approach
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Data from: Effects of age, breeding strategy, population density, and number of neighbors on territory size and shape in Savannah Sparrows
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Datasets and R code for: Brood as booty: The effect of colony size and resource value in social insect contests
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Data for: Effective population size mediates the impact of pollination services on pollen limitation
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Negotiating mutualism: a locus for exploitation by rhizobia has a broad effect size distribution and context-dependent effects on legume hosts
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Data for: Harvest and decimation affect genetic drift and the effective population size in wild reindeer
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Temporal effects of preservation on the shape and size of yellow perch: Implications for morphological analyses
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Data and code from: Coordinated distributed experiments in ecology do not consistently reduce heterogeneity in effect size
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Whole genome demographic models indicate divergent effective population size histories shape contemporary genetic diversity gradients in a montane bumble bee
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Data from: The perceptual effects of signal components: Black sword margins are crucial for signal size discrimination in green swordtails Xiphophorus hellerii
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Data from: The effect of miniaturization on the evolution of sexual size dimorphism in geckos
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Observed declines in body size have differential effects on survival and recruitment, but no effect on population growth in tropical birds
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Global contemporary effective population sizes across taxonomic groups
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Data from: Effects of host size on progeny sex and survivorship of Hymenoepimecis pinheirensis
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No evidence for the consistent effect of supplementary feeding on home range size in terrestrial mammals
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Data from: Effects of home range size and burrow fidelity on survival and reproduction in eastern chipmunks (Tamias striatus) across different environmental contexts
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