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276 results for “Small population”
Data for: Hidden population turnover of small odontocetes in the northwestern North Pacific during the Holocene
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Data from: Vulnerability of a small population of an arboreal mammal to landscape change associated with a new motorway and drought
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Data from: Decreased selectivity during mate choice in a small-sized population of a long-lived seabird
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Aligned and curated mtDNA sequences from: Ancient DNA of narrow-headed voles reveals common features of the Late Pleistocene population dynamics in cold-adapted small mammals
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Drift in small populations predicts mate availability and the breakdown of self-incompatibility in a clonal polyploid
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Spraints demonstrate small population size and reliance on fishponds for Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra) in Hong Kong
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Population genetic assessment of newly discovered, extremely small populations of Xanthocyparis Vietnamensis from southwestern China
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Data from: Does gene flow aggravate or alleviate maladaptation to environmental stress in small populations?
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Data From: Genetic viability of small Plains bison (Bison bison) populations a century after reintroduction
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Data from: Giant mice on small islands: Biogeographic and ecological differences contribute to gigantism in island populations
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Data from: It is better to be choosy in small populations: Drift promotes the evolution of weak female preference for rare phenotypes
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Small snakes, big cities: Population genetics of urban Dekay's brown snake (Storeria dekayi) in New Jersey
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Evaluation of four methods to identify the homozygotic sex chromosome in small populations
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Data from: Fine-scale genetic structure of small fish populations in islands: The case of brook charr Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill, 1814) in Saint-Pierre and Miquelon (France)
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Data from: The conservation value of small population remnants: variability in inbreeding depression and heterosis of a perennial herb, the narrow-leaved purple coneflower (Echinacea angustifolia)
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Small mammal abundance: Long-Term Nitrogen Deposition: Population, Community, and Ecosystem Consequences
The purpose of this experiment is to measure how adding nitrogen over a long time will affect the number of species, the type of species present, the amount of annual growth, and the change from year to year in the growth of each species in a plant community which is also relieved of grazing by large and small mammals. The experiment is being conducted within fields (A, B, C, and D) which were initially low in soil nutrients. There are 8 different levels of nitrogen addition with other nutrients added to ensure that nitrogen remains the limiting nutrient, and a control which receives no nutrients. There are 6 replicates of the 9 treatments in fields A, B, and C and 5 replicates in field D. The treatments were randomly assigned to the plots. In fields A, B, and C the plots are in 6 by 9 grids and are 4 by 4 meters in size with 1 meter aisles between plots. In field D the plots are 1.5 by 4 meters and are placed in a 3 by 17 grid. The plots are enclosed by a fence to keep out mammalian herbivores. Gophers are trapped and removed as they appear. Nitrogenfertilizer (NH4NO3) is applied twice per year, once in early May and once in late June. This experiment was begun in 1982 by David Tilman.
Data from: Examination of the efficacy of small genetic panels in genomic conservation of companion animal populations
<p>In many ways dogs are an ideal model for the study of genetic erosion and population recovery, problems of major concern in the field of conservation genetics. Genetic diversity in many dog breeds has been declining systematically since the beginning of the 1800's, when modern breeding practices came into fashion. As such, inbreeding in domestic dog breeds is substantial and widespread and has led to an increase in recessive deleterious mutations of high effect as well as general inbreeding depression. Pedigrees can in theory be used to guide breeding decisions, though are often incomplete and do not reflect the full history of inbreeding. Small microsatellite panels are also used in some cases to choose mating pairs to produce litters with low levels of inbreeding. However, the long-term impact of such practices have not been thoroughly evaluated. Here, we use forward simulation on a model of the dog genome to examine the impact of using limited markers panels to guide pairwise mating decisions on genome-wide population level genetic diversity. Our results suggest that in unmanaged populations, where breeding decisions are made at the pairwise- rather than population-level, such panels can lead to accelerated loss of genetic diversity at genome regions unlinked to panel markers, compared to random mating. These results demonstrate the importance of genome-wide genetic panels for managing and conserving genetic diversity in dogs and other companion animals.</p>
Scripts and files for "Small-scale population divergence is driven by local larval environment in a temperate amphibian"
<p>Genomic variation within and among populations is shaped by the interplay between natural selection and the effects of genetic drift and gene flow. Adaptive divergence can be found in small scale natural systems even when population sizes are small and the potential for gene flow is high, suggesting that local environments exert selection pressures strong enough to counteract the opposing effects of drift and gene flow. Here, we investigated genomic differentiation in nine moor frog (<i>Rana arvalis</i>) populations in a small-scale network of local wetlands using 16 707 ddRAD-seq SNPs, relating levels of differentiation with local environments as well as with properties of the surrounding landscape. We characterized population structure and differentiation, and partitioned the effects of geographic distance, local larval environment and landscape features on total genomic variation. We also conducted gene-environment association studies using univariate and multivariate approaches. We found small-scale population structure corresponding to 6-8 clusters. Local larval environment was the most influential component explaining 2.3% of the total genetic variation followed by landscape features (1.8%) and geographic distance (0.8%), indicative of isolation-by-environment, -by-landscape and -by-distance, respectively. We identified 1000 potential candidate SNPs putatively under divergent selection mediated by the local larval environment. The candidate SNPs were involved in, among other biological functions, immune system function and development. Our results suggest that small scale environmental differences can exert selection pressures strong enough to counteract homogenizing effects of gene flow and drift in this small-scale system leading to observable population differentiation.</p>
Small scale variability in soil moisture drives infection of vulnerable juniper populations by invasive forest pathogen
<p><span><span>The oomycete plant pathogen, <i>Phytophthora austrocedri</i>, is an aggressive killer of cypress trees causing severe mortality of Chilean cedar (<i>Austrocedrus chilensis</i>) in Argentina since the 1940s and now common juniper (<i>Juniperus communis</i> s.l.) in the UK. Rapid mortality of key UK juniper populations was first observed in the early 2000s; the causal agent of mortality was confirmed as <i>P. austrocedri</i> in 2012 and the pathogen has now been widely detected - but is not ubiquitous - in juniper populations across Scotland and England. Although juniper has a broad distribution across the northern hemisphere, the UK incidence of <i>P. austrocedri</i> remains the only confirmed infection of juniper populations globally. Juniper is an important species for biodiversity, so it is imperative to understand the abiotic and biotic drivers of emergent <i>P. austrocedri</i> infection to inform detection, containment and conservation strategies to manage juniper populations across the full extent of its range. </span></span></p> <p><span><span>As management of UK juniper populations is primarily conducted at a local level, we investigated field scale drivers of disease – in three, geographically separate populations with different infection histories. Variation in the proportion of juniper showing symptoms - discoloured or dead foliage – was measured using stratified sampling across along key environmental gradients within each 100-hectare population, including juniper density identified from aerial imagery. Potential predictors of infection included altitude, slope, distance to nearest watercourse, soil moisture (mean percentage volumetric water content), area of red deer browsing damage and area of commonly associated vascular plant species. We assessed support in the data for alternative models explaining the spatial distribution of <i>P. austrocedri</i> symptoms using full subset covariate selection and Deviance Information Criteria (DIC). Despite differences in environmental gradients and infection histories between populations, area of juniper symptomatic for <i>P. austrocedri</i> increased with waterlogging, increasing with soil moisture in sites where soils had higher peat or clay contents, and decreasing with proximity to watercourses where sites had shallower, sandier soils. </span></span></p> <p><span><span>These results are consistent with key drivers identified at both local and landscape scale in Chilean cedar. Our approach enables identification of site-specific disease management strategies including prioritisation of inspections in microsites with high soil moisture and promoting conservation measures such as creation of sites for natural regeneration in drier microsites to minimise pathogen spread and maximise the resilience of existing juniper populations.</span></span></p>
Data from: Drift load in populations of small size and low density
According to theory, drift load in randomly mating populations is determined by past population size, because enhanced genetic drift in small populations causes accumulation and fixation of recessive deleterious mutations of small effect. In contrast, segregating load due to mutations of low frequency should decline in smaller populations, at least when mutations are highly recessive and strongly deleterious. Strong local selection generally reduces both types of load. We tested these predictions in 13 isolated, outcrossing populations of Arabidopsis lyrata that varied in population size and plant density. Long-term size was estimated by expected heterozygosity at 20 microsatellite loci. Segregating load was assessed by comparing performance of offspring from selfings versus within-population crosses. Drift load was the heterosis effect created by interpopulation outbreeding. Results showed that segregating load was unrelated to long-term size. However, drift load was significantly higher in populations of small effective size and low density. Drift load was mostly expressed late in development, but started as early as germination and accumulated thereafter. The study largely confirms predictions of theory and illustrates that mutation accumulation can be a threat to natural populations.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.