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119 results for “Sparidae”
Data from: High-throughput microsatellite marker development in two sparid species and verification of their transferability in the family Sparidae
Recently, 454 sequencing has emerged as a popular method for isolating microsatellites owing to cost-effectiveness and time saving. In this study, repeat-enriched libraries from two southern African endemic sparids (Pachymetopon blochii and Lithognathus lithognathus) were 454 GS-FLX sequenced. From these, 7370 sequences containing repeats (SCRs) were identified. A brief survey of 23 studies showed a significant difference between the number of SCRs when enrichment was performed first before 454 sequencing. We designed primers for 302 unique fragments containing more than five repeat units and suitable flanking regions. A fraction (<11%) of these loci were characterized with 18 polymorphic microsatellite loci (nine in each of the focal species) being described. Sanger sequencing of alleles confirmed that size variation was because of differences in the number of tandem repeats. However, a case of homoplasy and sequencing errors in the 454 sequencing were identified. These newly developed and four previously isolated loci were successfully used to identify polymorphic markers in nine other economically important species, representative of sparid diversity. The combination of newly developed markers with data from previous sparid cross-species studies showed a significant negative correlation between genetic divergence to focal species and microsatellite transferability. The high level of transferability we described (48% amplification success and 32% polymorphism) suggests that the 302 microsatellite loci identified represent an excellent resource for future studies on sparids. Microsatellite marker development should commonly include tests of transferability to reduce costs and increase feasibility of population genetics studies in nonmodel organisms.
Data from: Are developmental shifts the main driver of phenotypic evolution in Diplodus spp. (Perciformes: Sparidae)?
Background: Sparid fishes of the genus Diplodus show a complex life history. Juveniles have adaptations well suited to life in the water column. When fishes recruit into the adult population individuals develop a radically differentiated shape that reflect their adaptation to the new benthic environment typical of the adult. By using a geometric morphometric approach, we investigated the pattern of shape variation across ontogenetic stages that span from early settlement to the adult stage in four species of the genus Diplodus. Landmarks were collected on the whole body of fishes to quantify the phenotypic variation along two well defined life stages, i.e. juvenile and adult. A comparative analysis of ontogenetic trajectories was performed to assess the presence of divergence in the developmental pattern. Subsequently, we investigated the patterns of integration and modularity as proxy of the alteration of the developmental processes. This allowed to have an insight in morphological developmental patterns across ecologically and ontogenetically differentiated life stages and to investigate the process leading to the adult shape. Results: Our results suggest that the origin of morphological novelties in Diplodus spp. arise from shifts of the ontogenetic trajectories during the development. During the settlement phase, juvenile's morphological shapes converge towards close regions of the morphospace. When the four species approach the transition between settlement and recruitment we observe the lowest level of inter- and intra-specific disparity. After this transition we detect an abrupt shift of ontogenetic trajectories, i.e. the path taken by species during development, that led to highly divergent adult phenotypes. Discussion: We suggest that the evolution of new ecomorphologies, better suited to exploit different niches and reduce inter-specific competition in Diplodus spp., are related to the shift in the ontogenetic trajectory that in turn is associated to changes in modularity and integration pattern.
FIGURE 1 in Acanthopagrus randalli (Perciformes: Sparidae), a new black seabream from the Persian Gulf
FIGURE 1. Holotype (A) and paratype (B) of Acanthopagrus randalli n. sp. A, BPBM 33135, 322 mm SL, Bahrain; B, MTUF-P 27226, 173 mm SL, Kuwait.
FIGURE 3 in Acanthopagrus randalli (Perciformes: Sparidae), a new black seabream from the Persian Gulf
FIGURE 3. Colouration of anal-fin rays in A Acanthopagrus randalli n. sp., B A. akazakii, C A. butcheri and D A. sivicolus. A, BPBM 33135, holotype, 322 mm SL; B, MUFS 14209, holotype, 185 mm SL; C, WAM P.21679, 159 mm SL; D, FRLM 12327, 320 mm SL.
FIGURE 2 in Acanthopagrus randalli (Perciformes: Sparidae), a new black seabream from the Persian Gulf
FIGURE 2. Four sparid species most similar to Acanthopagrus randalli n. sp. A A. akazakii, B A. butcheri, C A. schlegelii and D A. sivicolus. A, MUFS 14209, holotype, 185 mm SL, Noumèa, New Caledonia; B, AMS IB.1895, holotype, 228 mm SL, Gippsland Lakes, Victoria, Australia; C, Uncatalogued specimen, ca. 350 mm SL, Miyazaki, Kyushu Island, Japan, photographed by N. Aratake; D, Uncatalogued specimen, ca. 190 mm SL, Amami-oshima Island, Ryukyu Island, Japan, photographed by T. Hashimoto.
FIGURE 4 in A review of the Acanthopagrus bifasciatus species complex (Pisces: Sparidae) from the Indian Ocean, with redescriptions of A. bifasciatus (Forsskål 1775) and A. catenula (Lacepède 1801)
FIGURE 4. Teeth of upper and lower jaws of A‒B Acanthopagrus bifasciatus and C‒D A. catenula. A‒B, BPBM 18173, 151 mm SL, Red Sea; C‒D, SAIAB 11820, 162 mm SL, South Africa.
FIGURE 6 in A review of the Acanthopagrus bifasciatus species complex (Pisces: Sparidae) from the Indian Ocean, with redescriptions of A. bifasciatus (Forsskål 1775) and A. catenula (Lacepède 1801)
FIGURE 6. Orbit diameters of Acanthopagrus bifasciatus (open circle) and A. catenula (solid triangle) in relation to standard length.
FIGURE 5 in A review of the Acanthopagrus bifasciatus species complex (Pisces: Sparidae) from the Indian Ocean, with redescriptions of A. bifasciatus (Forsskål 1775) and A. catenula (Lacepède 1801)
FIGURE 5. Clear different sizes of upper teeth on the same size specimens of A Acanthopagrus bifasciatus and B A. catenula. A, MUFS 25810, 335 mm SL, Oman; B, MUFS 25807, 345 mm SL, off Socotra Island, Somalia.
FIGURE 3 in A review of the Acanthopagrus bifasciatus species complex (Pisces: Sparidae) from the Indian Ocean, with redescriptions of A. bifasciatus (Forsskål 1775) and A. catenula (Lacepède 1801)
FIGURE 3. Stages of A‒D Acanthopagrus bifasciatus and E‒H A. catenula. A, SMF 24659, 101 mm SL, Red Sea; B, BPBM 18173, 151 mm SL, Ras Muhammed, Sinai Peninsula, Egypt; C, BPBM 29526, 238 mm SL, Bahrain; D, MUFS 25811, 362 mm SL, off southern Oman facing Indian Ocean; E, MNHN A4149, 103 mm SL, Madagascar; F, SAIAB 11819, 153 mm SL, Kenya; G, Uncatalogued specimen (reversed), ca. 30 cm TL, Rodrigues, photographed by T. Hooper; H, MUFS 25808, 364 mm SL, off Socotra Island, Somalia.
FIGURE 2 in A review of the Acanthopagrus bifasciatus species complex (Pisces: Sparidae) from the Indian Ocean, with redescriptions of A. bifasciatus (Forsskål 1775) and A. catenula (Lacepède 1801)
FIGURE 2. Colour photographs of A Acanthopagrus bifasciatus and B A. catenula. A A. bifasciatus, BPBM 18173, 151 mm SL, Ras Muhammad, Sinai Peninsula, Egypt, Red Sea; B, SAIAB 9672, 139 mm SL, Kosi Bay, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
FIGURE 11 in New observations on Myxozoa of the goldline sea bream Sarpa salpa L. 1758 (Teleostei: Sparidae) from the Mediterranean coast of Tunisia
FIGURE 11. Rank frequency of cases of Polyparasitism between myxozoans infecting S. salpa from Gulf of Tunis, with Biparasitism cases: (I) C. herouardi-C. pallida, (II) C. arcuata-C. sp.2, (III) C. herouardi-C. sp. 2. Triparasitism cases: (I) C. herouardi-C. pallida-C. sp. 2 (II) C. herouardi-C. pallida-Henneguya sp. From Bay of Bizerte, Biparasitism cases: (I) C. herouardi-C. pallida, (II) C. sp. 3-Henneguya. sp.
FIGURE 9 in New observations on Myxozoa of the goldline sea bream Sarpa salpa L. 1758 (Teleostei: Sparidae) from the Mediterranean coast of Tunisia
FIGURE 9. Prevalence of species of myxozoans from 2 localities, Gulf of Tunis and Bay of Bizerte. The total prevalence determined within the pooled sample of 330 goldline sea bream (Sarpa salpa).
FIGURE 7 G–K in New observations on Myxozoa of the goldline sea bream Sarpa salpa L. 1758 (Teleostei: Sparidae) from the Mediterranean coast of Tunisia
FIGURE 7 G–K. Photomicrographs of Henneguya sp. from the mesentery of Sarpa salpa. (G–I) Fresh mature spores in different views: G, Frontal view; H, semi-lateral view; I, sutural view. (J–K) Matures spores stained with Giemsa: J, frontal view and the arrows showing the fine threads extending from the end of the caudal appendages (ca); K, sutural view two filiform caudal projections separated from the posterior of spore (*). Scale bar = 10 µm in G–K.
FIGURE 7 A–F in New observations on Myxozoa of the goldline sea bream Sarpa salpa L. 1758 (Teleostei: Sparidae) from the Mediterranean coast of Tunisia
FIGURE 7 A–F. Photomicrographs of Henneguya sp. from the mesentery of Sarpa salpa. (A) Mesentery infected with large whitish Cysts (C) in different size (development asynchronous), located between the mesenteric vessels. (B) Fresh smear contains mature (ms) and immature spores (is). (C–E) Fresh mature spores in side view presented the sutural markings (sm). (F) Fresh mature spore presented the pyriform polar capsules (pc), two Capsulogenic nuclei (cn), the binucleate sporoplasm (sn), the suture rim (sr) and the fine distal portion of the caudal appendages (ca) wrapping around the thicker part. Scale bar = 1mm in A; 20 µm in B; 10 µm in C–F.
FIGURE 6 in New observations on Myxozoa of the goldline sea bream Sarpa salpa L. 1758 (Teleostei: Sparidae) from the Mediterranean coast of Tunisia
FIGURE 6. Photomicrographs of Ceratomyxa sp. 3 from the gall bladder of Sarpa salpa. (A–B) Live disporic plasmodia (P). (C–E) Fresh mature spores (ms) in sutural view showing clearly the distinct spherical polar capsules (pc), the straight suture line (sl) and the distribution and the edge of the sporoplasm into the spore cavity in both sides (*). (F) Mature spore in apical view. Scale bar = 10µm.
FIGURE 5 in New observations on Myxozoa of the goldline sea bream Sarpa salpa L. 1758 (Teleostei: Sparidae) from the Mediterranean coast of Tunisia
FIGURE 5. Photomicrographs of Ceratomyxa sp. 2 from the gall bladder of Sarpa salpa. (A–B) Live multinucleate trophozoites (T) with different size floating in the bile with their long pseudopodia that extended fromall it periphery (Ps). (C) Round multinucleate trophozoite (T) with short pseudopodia (Ps), notice a monosporic plasmodium (P) contained one spore in apical view. (D–E) Live monosporic plasmodia with very granular endoplasm. The arrows show the twist of the shell valves. (F) Mature spore which the twisted shell valves (tsv) started to extend. (G) Fresh mature spore in lateral view. (H) Fresh mature spore in sutural view, showing the distinct pyriform polar capsules (pc) and the straight suture line (sl). Scale bar = 20µm in A–C; 10µm in D–H.
FIGURE 4 in New observations on Myxozoa of the goldline sea bream Sarpa salpa L. 1758 (Teleostei: Sparidae) from the Mediterranean coast of Tunisia
FIGURE 4. Photomicrographs of Ceratomyxa sp. 1 from the gall bladder of Sarpa salpa. (A) Fresh plasmodia (P) attached to each other with their pseudopodia. (B) Fresh disporic plasmodium (DP). (C–E) Fresh monosporous plasmodia (MP) with variety of size presented each one, a unique spore. (F) Fresh smear of mature spores with two convergent spherical polar capsules (pc) and straight suture line (sl), notice that the shell valves were twisted with the basal plane forming an angle α. (G) Mature spore in lateral view contained two valves which one wrapped to itself (wv). (H) Atypical spores with three polar capsules and three shell valves. Scale bar = 10µm.
FIGURE 3 G–N in New observations on Myxozoa of the goldline sea bream Sarpa salpa L. 1758 (Teleostei: Sparidae) from the Mediterranean coast of Tunisia
FIGURE 3 G–N. Photomicrographs of Ceratomyxa herouardi from the gall bladder of Sarpa salpa. (G) Fresh smear of heavy infested bile with sporogonic stages and mature spores. (H) Plasmodium (P) of premature spores showing the sporoplasm nuclei (sn). (I) Mature spore in sutural view showing the sub-spherical polar capsules (pc). (J) Mature spore in lateral view. (K) Mature spore in apical view. (L) Atypical spore with three polar capsules and three shell valves. (M–N) Different view of mature spores stained with Giemsa showing the distinct polar capsule (pc) and the suture line (sl). M, sutural view; N, apical view. Scale bar = 40 µm in G; 10µm in H-N.
FIGURE 8 in New observations on Myxozoa of the goldline sea bream Sarpa salpa L. 1758 (Teleostei: Sparidae) from the Mediterranean coast of Tunisia
FIGURE 8. Line drawing of Myxozoan species infecting the goldline sea bream Sarpa salpa from the North coast of Tunisia. (A) Ceratomyxa arcuata Thélohan, 1892; (B) Ceratomyxa pallida Thélohan, 1895; (C) Ceratomyxa herouardi Georgévitch, 1916; (D) Ceratomyxa sp. 1; (E) Ceratomyxa sp. 2; (F) Ceratomyxa sp. 3; (G) Henneguya sp. Scale bar = 10 µm.
FIGURE 3 A–F in New observations on Myxozoa of the goldline sea bream Sarpa salpa L. 1758 (Teleostei: Sparidae) from the Mediterranean coast of Tunisia
FIGURE 3 A–F. Photomicrographs of Ceratomyxa herouardi from the gall bladder of Sarpa salpa. (A) Round trophozoite (RT) attached to other polymorphous, notice the presence of inner generative cells and long filopodia (F). (B) Fresh smear of infested bile with the presence of elongated trophozoites (ET) contained pseudoplasmodi (pp), disporic plasmodia (P) and mature spores (ms). (C) Big rounded polysporic trophozoïtes (RT) contained several pseudoplasmodia (pp). (D) Part of trophozoite showing in Fig. C, presented the pseudoplasmodia (pp) and disporic plasmodia (P) containing immature spores (is). (E–F) Subspherical and pyriform trophozoites (PT) unequal in size attached to each other with formation of roundish disporic plasmodia (P) according to mechanism of endogenous or exogenous budding, notice of a disporic plasmodium of atypical spores (P*) in F. Scale bar = 50 µm in A–C; 20µm in D–F;
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