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99 results for “Surf”
Data from: Genetic surfing, not allopatric divergence, explains spatial sorting of mitochondrial haplotypes in venomous coralsnakes
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Data from: Home loving boreal hare mitochondria survived several invasions in Iberia: the relative roles of recurrent hybridisation and allele surfing
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Fig. 3 in Composition, density and biomass of fish community from the surf zone as a function of the lunar cycle at Miramar Beach in Cabedelo, Paraíba
Fig. 3. Redundancy analysis (RDA) for the density (ind. ha-1) of the most representative species in Miramar Beach, Cabedelo. (TEMP= temperature; SAL= salinity; TURB= surbidity; COND= conductivity e PH= hidrogen potential. (Atr = Anchoa tricolor; Acl = Anchovia clupeoides; Cla = Caranx latus; Csp = Cathorops spixii; Cno = Conodon nobilis; Pco = Haemulopsis corvinaeformis; Pvi = Polydactylus virginicus; Larbre = Larimus breviceps; Svo = Selene vomer; Sbr = Stellifer brasiliensis; Tfa = Trachinotus falcatus; Tgo = Trachinotus goodei). Lunar phase and sampling areas (CRA1 - crescent/ area 1; CRA2 -crescent/ area 2; NA1 -New/ area 1; NA2 -New / area 2; CHA1 - Full/ area 1; CHA2 -Full/ area 2; MA1 -Waning/ area 1; MA2 -Waning/ area 2).
Fig. 2 in Composition, density and biomass of fish community from the surf zone as a function of the lunar cycle at Miramar Beach in Cabedelo, Paraíba
Fig. 2. Mean + Standard Error (SE) of number of species, total density (ind.ha-1) and biomass (g.ha-1) of fishes as a function of the lunar phases from left to right in the horizontal axes (crescent, full, weaning and new moon).
Fig. 1 in Composition, density and biomass of fish community from the surf zone as a function of the lunar cycle at Miramar Beach in Cabedelo, Paraíba
Fig. 1. Miramar beach in Cabedelo, Paraíba, northeast of Brazil. Two areas were highlighted (named as A1 and A2), located close to Paraíba River mouth (Source: Google Earth, accessed on 08 June 2016).
Figure 14 in The biology and functional morphology of the high-energy beach dwelling Paphies elongata (Bivalvia: Mactroidea: Mesodesmatidae). Convergence with the surf clams (Donax: Tellinoidea: Donacidae)
Figure 14. Paphies elongata. An interior view of the fused ventral mantle margin posterior to the pedal gape and showing the rejectory tract. This figure also illustrates the posterior adductor muscle and the visceral ganglia beneath it. AN, anus; AVG, accessory visceral ganglia; FIMF(2), fused inner mantle folds (outer component); IMF(1), inner mantle fold (inner component); IS, inhalant siphon; PA (1), posterior adductor muscle (anterior component); PA(2), posterior adductor muscle (posterior component); PGA, pedal gape; R, rectum; RT, rejectory tract; SN, siphonal nerve; SRM, siphonal retractor muscles; VG, visceral ganglia; VG-AVG-CONN, visceral ganglia-accessory visceral ganglia connective.
Figure 7. Paphies elongata. A in The biology and functional morphology of the high-energy beach dwelling Paphies elongata (Bivalvia: Mactroidea: Mesodesmatidae). Convergence with the surf clams (Donax: Tellinoidea: Donacidae)
Figure 7. Paphies elongata. A transverse section through the right ventral mantle margin of the pedal gape. IMF(1), inner mantle fold (inner component); IMF(2), inner mantle fold (outer component); MMF, middle mantle fold; OMF, outer mantle fold; P, periostracum; PN, pallial nerve; PRM, pallial retractor muscle; RT, rejectory tract.
Figure 17 in The biology and functional morphology of the high-energy beach dwelling Paphies elongata (Bivalvia: Mactroidea: Mesodesmatidae). Convergence with the surf clams (Donax: Tellinoidea: Donacidae)
Figure 17. Paphies elongata. The organs of the pericardium as seen from the right side. AN, anus; AU, auricle; CA, ctenidial axis; DD, digestive diverticulae; G, gonad; GA, gonadial aperture; K, kidney; PA, posterior adductor muscle; PALID, point of attachment of the ascending lamella of the inner demibranch to the visceral mass; PALOD, point of attachment of the ascending lamella of the outer demibranch to the mantle; PG, pericardial gland; PPR, posterior pedal retractor muscle; PR, prodissoconch; R, rectum; RA, renal aperture; R-PA, reno-pericardial aperture; V, ventricle; VM, visceral mass.
Figure 10. Paphies elongata. A in The biology and functional morphology of the high-energy beach dwelling Paphies elongata (Bivalvia: Mactroidea: Mesodesmatidae). Convergence with the surf clams (Donax: Tellinoidea: Donacidae)
Figure 10. Paphies elongata. A more detailed view of the ciliary currents of the ctenidium and the ctenidial-labial palp junction, as seen from the right side. AA(1), anterior adductor muscle(1); APR, anterior pedal retractor muscle; CA, ctenidial axis; ID, inner demibranch; ILP, inner labial palp; M, mouth; OD, outer demibranch; OLP, outer labial palp; PA, posterior adductor muscle; PALOD, point of attachment of the ascending lamella of the outer demibranch to the mantle; PPR, posterior pedal retractor muscle; SAE, supra-axial extension of the outer demibranch; VM, visceral mass; VMFG, ventral margin food groove of the inner demibranch.
Figure 6 in The biology and functional morphology of the high-energy beach dwelling Paphies elongata (Bivalvia: Mactroidea: Mesodesmatidae). Convergence with the surf clams (Donax: Tellinoidea: Donacidae)
Figure 6. Paphies elongata. (a) The siphons as seen from the posterior aspect. More detailed views from the lateral aspect of (b), the inhalant and (c) the exhalant siphons. (d) One of the eight largest inhalant siphonal tentacles shown in greater detail. ES, exhalant siphon; MMF, middle mantle fold; IS, inhalant siphon.
Figure 2 in The biology and functional morphology of the high-energy beach dwelling Paphies elongata (Bivalvia: Mactroidea: Mesodesmatidae). Convergence with the surf clams (Donax: Tellinoidea: Donacidae)
Figure 2. Paphies elongata. (a) Lateral and (b) posterior views of the left shell valve. Also illustrated in (c) and (d) are the same views of Donax columbella drawn to approximately the same scale. a–b, the dorsoventral axis of the shell; x–y, the greatest shell width; small arrow indicates the position of the umbones; the angles suggest that the posterior face of the shell of P. elongata is slightly more elongate than in D. columbella. L, ligament of D. columbella.
Figure 16 in The biology and functional morphology of the high-energy beach dwelling Paphies elongata (Bivalvia: Mactroidea: Mesodesmatidae). Convergence with the surf clams (Donax: Tellinoidea: Donacidae)
Figure 16. Paphies elongata. (a) A transverse section through the pedal ganglia showing the position of two putative statocysts. (b) A single putative statocyst illustrated in greater detail. C-P-CONN, cerebro-pleural-visceral ganglia-connective; PEG, pedal ganglia; PEN, pedal nerve; STA, statolith; STC, statocyst.
Figure 12 in The biology and functional morphology of the high-energy beach dwelling Paphies elongata (Bivalvia: Mactroidea: Mesodesmatidae). Convergence with the surf clams (Donax: Tellinoidea: Donacidae)
Figure 12. Paphies elongata. The ciliary currents of the visceral mass as seen from the left side. AA (1), anterior adductor muscle(1); AA(2), anterior adductor muscle(2); APR, anterior pedal retractor muscle; DEF, dorsal extension of the foot; F, foot; HF, heel of the foot; PA, posterior adductor muscle; PPR, posterior pedal retractor muscle; PR, prodissoconch; PS, pallial sinus; VM, visceral mass.
Figure 8. Paphies elongata. A in The biology and functional morphology of the high-energy beach dwelling Paphies elongata (Bivalvia: Mactroidea: Mesodesmatidae). Convergence with the surf clams (Donax: Tellinoidea: Donacidae)
Figure 8. Paphies elongata. A transverse section through the fused ventral mantle margin posterior to the pedal gape. FIMF(2), fused inner mantle folds (outer component); FRT, fused rejectory tracts; IMF(1), inner mantle fold (inner component); MMF, middle mantle fold; OMF, outer mantle fold; P, periostracum; PRM, pallial retractor muscle; SC, secretory cells; TC, transverse connective.
Data from: Shortwave sand transport in the shallow surf zone
Empirical parameterizations of the shortwave sand transport that are used in practical engineering models lack the representation of certain processes to accurately predict morphodynamics in shallow water. Therefore, measurements of near‐bed velocity and suspended sand concentration, collected during two field campaigns (at the Sand Engine and Ameland, the Netherlands) and one field‐scale laboratory experiment (BARDEXII), were here analyzed to study the magnitude and direction of the shortwave sand flux in the shallow surf zone. Shortwave sand fluxes dominated the total sand flux during low‐energetic accretive conditions, while the mean cross‐shore current (undertow) dominated the total flux during high‐energetic erosive conditions. Under low‐energetic conditions, the onshore‐directed shortwave sand flux scales with the root‐mean‐square orbital velocity urms and velocity asymmetry Au but not with the velocity skewness. Under more energetic conditions the shortwave flux reduces with an increase in the cross‐shore mean current urn:x-wiley:jgrf:media:jgrf20828:jgrf20828-math-0001 and can even become offshore directed. For all data combined, the contribution of the shortwave flux to the total flux scales with urn:x-wiley:jgrf:media:jgrf20828:jgrf20828-math-0002, with a high contribution of the shortwave flux (∼70%) when this ratio is high (∼ 10) and low contributions (∼0%) when this ratio is low (∼1). We argue that the velocity asymmetry is a good proxy for the net effect of several transport mechanisms in the shallow surf zone, including breaking‐induced turbulence. These field and laboratory measurements under irregular waves thus support the hypothesis that the inclusion of velocity asymmetry in transport formulations would improve the performance of morphodynamic models in shallow water.
U-Surf: a global 1km spatially continuous urban surface property dataset for kilometer-scale urban-resolving Earth system modeling
<p>High-resolution urban climate modeling has faced substantial challenges due to the absence of a globally consistent, spatially continuous, and accurate dataset to represent the spatial heterogeneity of urban surfaces and their biophysical properties. This deficiency has long obstructed the development of urban-resolving Earth System Models (ESMs) and ultra-high-resolution urban climate modeling, particularly at large scales. Here, we present a first-of-its-kind 1km-resolution present-day (circa-2020) global continuous urban surface parameter dataset – U-Surf. Using the urban canopy model (UCM) in the Community Earth System Model as a base model for developing dataset requirements, U-Surf leverages the latest advances in remote sensing, machine learning, and cloud computing to provide the most relevant urban surface biophysical parameters, including radiative, morphological, and thermal properties, for UCMs at the facet- and canopy-level. Our high-resolution U-Surf dataset significantly improves the representation of the urban land heterogeneity both within and across cities globally. U-Surf provides essential, high-fidelity surface biophysical constraints to urban-resolving ESMs, enables detailed city-to-city comparisons across the globe, and supports the next-generation kilometer-resolution Earth system modeling across scales. U-Surf parameters can be easily converted or adapted to various types of UCMs, such as those embedded in weather and regional climate models, as well as air quality models. The fundamental urban surface constraints provided by U-Surf are also relevant as features for machine learning models and can have other broad-scale applications for socioeconomic, public health, and urban planning contexts. We expect U-Surf to promote the research frontier on urban systems science, climate-sensitive urban design, and coupled human-Earth systems in the future.</p> <p>The complete list of parameters is presented in the table below.</p> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td>Category</td> <td>Parameter</td> <td>Notes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Radiative</td> <td>Roof | Impervious | Pervious canyon floor | Wall emissivity</td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>Roof | Impervious | Pervious canyon floor | Wall albedo</td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Morphological</td> <td>Roof | Pervious fraction</td> <td>Roof fraction is w.r.t. urban horizontal surface, and pervious fraction is w.r.t. canyon floor (i.e. pervious and impervious canyon floor).</td> </tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>Building height</td> <td>Unit: m; Height of wind in the canyon is simply set as half of the building height in CLMU.</td> </tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>Canyon height-to-width ratio</td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>Urban percentage</td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Thermal</td> <td>Roof | Wall thickness</td> <td>Unit: m</td> </tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>Roof | Impervious canyon floor | Wall thermal conductivity</td> <td>Unit: W/m*K</td> </tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>Roof | Impervious canyon floor | Wall volumetric heat capacity</td> <td>Unit: J/m^3*K</td> </tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>Number of impervious canyon floor layer</td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>Minimum | Maximum interior building temperature</td> <td>Unit: K</td> </tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>Air conditioning adoption rate</td> <td> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p> </p> <p>Radiative and morphological parameters are presented in the format of both .tif and .nc to accommodate different needs for the urban climate modeling community. Thermal parameters adapted from CLMU are available in a single .nc file. A CESM-compatiable surface dataset and a time-variant urban dataset (including P_AC and T_BUILDING_MAX; Li et al., 2024) at standard resolution (0.9375°x1.25°) are included for direct simulation use. Note that the urban percentage used to create the surface dataset comes from the PCT_URBAN parameter calculated in U-Surf, but users can input their own urban extent data to generate a customized surface dataset. The raw 1-km data can be easily aggregated/regridded to other resolution as needed.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Version 1.1 updates:</strong></p> <p>1. Fill part of the data gaps in Asia. </p> <p>2. Change the aggregation method of some parameters to be facet-area weighted in the 1deg surfdata.</p>
Figures 11-12 from: Lameiro FR, Condini MV, Brito CP, Vieira JP (2018) The feeding habits of the endemic Remo flounder, Oncopterus darwinii (Actinopterygii: Pleuronectidae), in an exposed sandy beach's surf zone in southern Brazil. Zoologia 35: 1-8. https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.35.e15038
Figures 11-12 Feeding strategy diagram for individuals of Oncopterus darwinii caught at both sites: (11) Cassino; (12) Mar Grosso). The prey-specific abundance plotted against the frequency of occurrence of food items for O. darwinii.
Figures 7-10 from: Lameiro FR, Condini MV, Brito CP, Vieira JP (2018) The feeding habits of the endemic Remo flounder, Oncopterus darwinii (Actinopterygii: Pleuronectidae), in an exposed sandy beach's surf zone in southern Brazil. Zoologia 35: 1-8. https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.35.e15038
Figures 7-10 Average values (± SD) of prey number and volume in the stomach contents of Oncopterus darwinii at Cassino (7–8) and Mar Grosso (9–10), respectively. The data are summarized for three size classes (<60 mm TL, 60–100 mm TL, and >100 mm TL), and shared letters above each box indicate non-significant differences among the size classes.
Figures 3-6 from: Lameiro FR, Condini MV, Brito CP, Vieira JP (2018) The feeding habits of the endemic Remo flounder, Oncopterus darwinii (Actinopterygii: Pleuronectidae), in an exposed sandy beach's surf zone in southern Brazil. Zoologia 35: 1-8. https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.35.e15038
Figures 3-6 Average values (± SD) of prey number and volume in the stomach contents of Oncopterus darwinii at Cassino (3–4) and Mar Grosso (5–6), respectively. The data are summarized for three seasons (winter, spring and summer) and shared letters above each box indicate non-significant differences among the seasons.
Figure 2 from: Lameiro FR, Condini MV, Brito CP, Vieira JP (2018) The feeding habits of the endemic Remo flounder, Oncopterus darwinii (Actinopterygii: Pleuronectidae), in an exposed sandy beach's surf zone in southern Brazil. Zoologia 35: 1-8. https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.35.e15038
Figure 2 Number of Oncopterus darwinii juveniles caught at Cassino (black bars) and Mar Grosso (grey bars) between August 2009 and July 2010.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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