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Fig. 12 in Comparative Myology of Moles and the Phylogeny of the Talpidae (Mammalia, Lipotyphla)

Fig. 12. Ventral view of forearm muscles of Parascalops.

Fig. 15 in Comparative Myology of Moles and the Phylogeny of the Talpidae (Mammalia, Lipotyphla)

Fig. 15. Lateral view of pelvic limb muscles of Parascalops, superficial muscles removed.

Fig. 11 in Comparative Myology of Moles and the Phylogeny of the Talpidae (Mammalia, Lipotyphla)

Fig. 11. Dorsal view of forearm muscles of Parascalops. A, Superficial muscles; B, deeper muscles.

Fig. 7 in Comparative Myology of Moles and the Phylogeny of the Talpidae (Mammalia, Lipotyphla)

Fig. 7. Lateral view of neck muscles of Parascalops.

Fig. 19 in Comparative Myology of Moles and the Phylogeny of the Talpidae (Mammalia, Lipotyphla)

Fig. 19. Intrinsic muscles of the pes of Neurotrichus.

Fig. 4 in Comparative Myology of Moles and the Phylogeny of the Talpidae (Mammalia, Lipotyphla)

Fig. 4. Lateral view of facial muscles of Parascalops, M. sphincter colli superficialis removed.

Fig. 14 in Comparative Myology of Moles and the Phylogeny of the Talpidae (Mammalia, Lipotyphla)

Fig. 14. Lateral view of pelvic limb muscles of Parascalops.

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dryad36/100

List of Talpidae from the Late Miocene of Slovakia, and measurements of the lower molars of Desmanella rietscheli from Dorn-Dürkheim

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Data from: Systematics and macroevolution of extant and fossil scalopine moles (Mammalia, Talpidae)

Scalopini is one of the two fully fossorial mole tribes in the family Talpidae, with remarkable adaptations to subterranean lifestyles. Most living Scalopini species are distributed in North America while a sole species occurs in China. On the other hand, scalopine fossils are found in both Eurasia and North America from upper Oligocene strata onwards, implying a complex biogeographical history. The systematic relationships of both extant and fossil Scalopini across North America and Eurasia are revised by conducting phylogenetic analyses using a comprehensive morphological character matrix together with 2D geometric–morphometric analyses of the humeral shape, with a specific emphasis on Mioscalops, a genus commonly found in North America and formerly known as Scalopoides. Our phylogenetic analyses support the monophyly of the tribe Scalopini as well as a proposed two‐subtribe‐division scenario of Scalopini (i.e. Scalopina and Parascalopina), although Proscapanus could not be assigned to either subgenus. Our geometric–morphometric analyses indicate that the European Mioscalops from southern Germany should be allocated to Leptoscaptor, which in turn implies that Mioscalops may be endemic to North America and never arrived in Europe. Examination of biogeographical patterns does not unambiguously determine the geographical origin of Scalopini. Nevertheless, it does support multiple transcontinental colonization events across Asia, Europe and North America. Scapanulus oweni, distributed in central China, is the only remaining representative of one of those out‐of‐North‐America migrations, whereas scalopine moles are common in North America nowadays with up to five species.

opencc-zeroDec 2018View details →

opencc-zeroDec 2023View details →

Supplementary material 3 from: Ren X, Xu Y, Li Y, Yao H, Fang Y, Khanal L, Cheng L, Zeng W, Jiang X, Chen Z (2023) A new species of shrew moles, genus Uropsilus Milne-Edwards, 1871 (Mammalia, Eulipotyphla, Talpidae), from the Wuyi Mountains, Jiangxi Province, eastern China. ZooKeys 1186: 25-46. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1186.111592

Partitioning schemes and molecular evolution model used in mitochondrial–nuclear concatenated gene tree estimations

Fig. 7 in Geographic variation and biogeography of the greater Japanese shrew mole Urotrichus talpoides (Eulipotyphla: Talpidae)

Fig. 7. Box plots of (A) I2I2, (B) RB, (D) BD, and two-dimensional plots of RB and BB given as the ratio of GLS, with different colors and symbols for each of the 8 localities: East Honshu (black, filled dot); West Honshu (black, open dot); Shikoku (black, filled diamond); Northern Kyushu (black, open triangle); Southern Kyushu (black, filled triangle); Oki Islands (gray, open square); Mishima Island (gray, plus symbol); Tsushima Island (gray, X symbol).

Fig. 4 in Geographic variation and biogeography of the greater Japanese shrew mole Urotrichus talpoides (Eulipotyphla: Talpidae)

Fig. 4. Box plots of the greatest length of skull (GLS) of Urotrichus talpoides from 8 geographic localities, in mm.

Fig. 5 in Geographic variation and biogeography of the greater Japanese shrew mole Urotrichus talpoides (Eulipotyphla: Talpidae)

Fig. 5. Scatter plots of the scores of (A) the first and second and (B) the second and third axes of discriminant analysis based on grouping in the 8 geographic localities with different colors and symbols: East Honshu (black, filled dot); West Honshu (black, open dot); Shikoku (black, filled diamond); Northern Kyushu (black, open triangle); Eastern and Southern Kyushu (black, filled triangle); Oki Islands (gray, open square); Mishima Island (gray, plus symbol); Tsushima Island (gray, X symbol).

Fig. 6 in Geographic variation and biogeography of the greater Japanese shrew mole Urotrichus talpoides (Eulipotyphla: Talpidae)

Fig. 6. Box plots of (A) P4M3, (B) P M, and (C) LTR of Urotrichus talpoides from 8 geographic localities, in mm.

Fig. 3 in Geographic variation and biogeography of the greater Japanese shrew mole Urotrichus talpoides (Eulipotyphla: Talpidae)

Fig. 3. Scatter plots of the scores on the first and second axes of the principal component with different colors and symbols for each of the 8 localities: East Honshu (black, filled dot); West Honshu (black, open dot); Shikoku (black, filled diamond); Northern Kyushu (black, open triangle); Southern Kyushu (black, filled triangle); Oki Islands (gray, open square); Mishima Island (gray, plus symbol); Tsushima Island (gray, X symbol).

Fig. 1 in Geographic variation and biogeography of the greater Japanese shrew mole Urotrichus talpoides (Eulipotyphla: Talpidae)

Fig. 1. Sample localities for specimens of Urotrichus talpoides analyzed in this study. Details of locality names are provided in Table 1. The dotted line is the Kurobe–Fuji line of the karyotype boundary.

Fig. 9 in A comparative SEM study of the guard hair architecture in subterranean moles (Talpidae, Soricomorpha), golden moles (Chrysochloridae, Afrosoricidae), and silvery mole-rats (Bathyergidae, Rodentia)

Fig. 9. Architecture of the guard hairs in an adult male of Heliophobius argenteocinereus. A, D, G, J cross sections of guard hairs of different types (coarse and guard hairs); B, E, H, K longitudinal sections at a base and a shield of the stem (from left to right); C, F, I, L – ornament of cuticle along the stem, from a base to a shield (left to right). SEM micrographs. 10 μm scale.

Fig. 11 in A comparative SEM study of the guard hair architecture in subterranean moles (Talpidae, Soricomorpha), golden moles (Chrysochloridae, Afrosoricidae), and silvery mole-rats (Bathyergidae, Rodentia)

Fig. 11. Species-specificity of cuticular ornamentation at the hair base and constriction in guard hairs of some representatives of Talpidae. SEM micrographs.

Fig. 5 in A comparative SEM study of the guard hair architecture in subterranean moles (Talpidae, Soricomorpha), golden moles (Chrysochloridae, Afrosoricidae), and silvery mole-rats (Bathyergidae, Rodentia)

Fig. 5. Architecture of guard hairs in an adult male of Scapanus townsendii. A, D, G – cross sections through a guard hair from the hair base to the shield (left to right); B, E, H longitudinal sections through a guard hair; C, F, I – cuticular ornamentation along the shaft, from the hair base to the shield (left to right, the narrowing of the shaft is marked with an arrow). SEM micrographs. 10 μm scale.

Fig. 3 in A comparative SEM study of the guard hair architecture in subterranean moles (Talpidae, Soricomorpha), golden moles (Chrysochloridae, Afrosoricidae), and silvery mole-rats (Bathyergidae, Rodentia)

Fig. 3. Variability of the shaft width/cuticle height index along the shaft in the guard hairs from the withers in the studied species. A – Talpidae and Bathyergidae; B – Chrysochloridae.