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156 results for “Temperature Influence”
Data from: Laying sequence interacts with incubation temperature to influence rate of embryonic development and hatching synchrony in a precocial bird
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Data from: Climatic temperature and precipitation jointly influence body size in species of western rattlesnakes
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Temperature influences the outcomes of an environmentally-acquired symbiosis
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Dataset for "Predicting the influence of particle size on the glass transition temperature and viscosity of secondary organic material"
<p>The archive file predictingInfluenceParticleSize2020.zip contains scripts and data to generate the figures in the manuscript. Datafiles are in the src/Data folder. Scripts are written in the Julia language. </p> <p>The file predicting_influence_particle2020.tar.gz contains a Docker container. The docker container is a virtual machine that contains all software and dependencies needed to execute the code. The freely available Docker engine must be installed on the local computer (https://docs.docker.com/install/). To install the container run</p> <p>docker load < predicting_influence_particle2020.tar.gz</p> <p>It can be started through the command:</p> <p>docker run -it -p 8888:8888 mdpetters/predicting_influence_particle2020:final</p> <p>Please refer to the supplement of the paper for further instructions.</p>
Data from: Prey availability and ambient temperature influence carrion persistence in the boreal forest
<p>1. Scavenging by vertebrates can have important impacts on food web stability and persistence, and can alter the distribution of nutrients throughout the landscape. However, scavenging communities have been understudied in most regions around the globe, and we lack understanding of the biotic drivers of vertebrate scavenging dynamics.</p> <p>2. In this paper, we examined how changes in prey density and carrion biomass caused by population cycles of a primary prey species, the snowshoe hare (<i>Lepus americanus</i>), influence scavenging communities in the northern boreal forest. We further examined the impact of habitat and temperature on scavenging dynamics.</p> <p>3. We monitored the persistence time, time until first scavenger, and number of species scavenging experimentally-placed hare carcasses over four consecutive years in the southwestern Yukon. We simultaneously monitored hare density and carrion biomass to examine their influence relative to temperature, habitat, and seasonal effects. For the primary scavengers, we developed species-specific scavenging models to determine variation on the effects of these factors across species, and determine which species may be driving temporal patterns in the entire community.</p> <p>4. We found that the efficiency of the scavenging community was affected by hare density, with carcass persistence decreasing when snowshoe hare densities declined, mainly due to increased scavenging rates by Canada lynx (<i>Lynx canadensis</i>). However, prey density did not influence the number of species scavenging a given carcass, suggesting prey abundance affects carrion recycling but not necessarily the number of connections in the food web. In addition, scavenging rates increased in warmer temperatures, and there were strong seasonal effects on the richness of the vertebrate scavenging community.</p> <p>5. Our results demonstrate that vertebrate scavenging communities are sensitive to changes in species' demography and environmental change, and that future assessments of food web dynamics should consider links established through scavenging.</p>
Data from: Temperature does not influence functional response of amphipods consuming different trematode prey
<p>Direct consumption on free-living cercariae stages of trematodes by non-host organisms interferes with trematode transmission and leads to reduced infections in the next suitable hosts. Consumer functional responses provide a useful tool to examine relationships between consumption rates and ecologically relevant prey densities, whilst also accounting for abiotic factors that likely influence consumption rates. We investigated how temperature influences the consumer functional response of the amphipod <i>Gammarus lacustris</i> towards the cercariae of three freshwater trematodes (<i>Diplostomum</i>, <i>Apatemon</i> and <i>Trichobilharzia</i>). Amphipods displayed different functional responses towards the parasites, with Type II responses for <i>Diplostomum</i> and Type I responses for <i>Apatemon</i> prey. Temperature did not alter the consumption rate of the amphipod predator. <i>Trichobilharzia</i> was likely consumed at similar proportions as <i>Diplostomum</i>, however this could not be fully evaluated due to low replication. Whilst Type II responses of invertebrate predators are common to various invertebrate prey types, this is the first time a non-filter feeding predator has been shown to exhibit Type I response towards cercarial prey. The prey-specific consumption patterns of amphipods were related to cercarial distribution in the water column rather than to the size of cercariae or temperature influence. The substantial energy flow into food webs by non-host consumer organisms highlights the importance of understanding the mechanisms that modulate functional responses and direct predation in the context of parasitic organisms.</p>
The influence of feeding behaviour and temperature on the capacity of mosquitoes to transmit malaria
<p>Insecticide-treated bed nets reduce malaria transmission by limiting contact between mosquito vectors and human hosts when mosquitoes feed during the night. However, malaria vectors can also feed in the early evening and in the morning when people are not protected. Here, we explored how timing of blood feeding interacts with environmental temperature to influence the capacity of <i>Anopheles </i>mosquitoes<i> </i>to transmit the human malaria parasite, <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i>. In laboratory experiments, we found no effect of biting time itself on the proportion of mosquitoes that became infectious (vector competence) at constant temperature. However, when mosquitoes were maintained under more realistic fluctuating temperatures there was a significant increase in competence for mosquitoes feeding in the evening (18:00h), and a significant reduction in competence for those feeding in the morning (06:00h), relative to those feeding at midnight (00:00h). These effects appear to be due to thermal sensitivity of malaria parasites during the initial stages of parasite development within the mosquito, and the fact that mosquitoes feeding in the evening experience cooling temperatures during the night, whereas mosquitoes feeding in the morning quickly experience warming temperatures that are inhibitory to parasite establishment. A transmission dynamics model illustrates that such differences in competence could have important implications for malaria prevalence, the extent of transmission that persists in the presence of bed nets, and the epidemiological impact of behavioural resistance. These results indicate the interaction of temperature and feeding behaviour could be a major ecological determinant of the vectorial capacity of malaria mosquitoes.</p>
Data from: Cardiac plasticity influences aerobic performance and thermal tolerance in a tropical, freshwater fish at elevated temperatures
Fishes faced with novel thermal conditions often modify physiological functioning to compensate for elevated temperatures. This physiological plasticity (thermal acclimation) has been shown to improve metabolic performance and extend thermal limits in many species. Adjustments in cardiorespiratory function are often invoked as mechanisms underlying thermal plasticity because limitations in oxygen supply have been predicted to define thermal optima in fishes, however few studies have explicitly linked cardiorespiratory plasticity to metabolic compensation. Here we quantify thermal acclimation capacity in the commercially harvested Nile perch (Lates niloticus) of East Africa, and investigate mechanisms underlying observed changes. We reared juvenile Nile perch for 3 months under two temperature regimes, and then measured a series of metabolic traits (e.g., aerobic scope, AS) and critical thermal maximum (CTmax) upon acute exposure to a range of experimental temperatures. We also measured morphological traits of heart ventricles, gills, and brains to identify potential mechanisms for compensation. We found that long-term (3-months) exposure to elevated temperature induced compensation in upper thermal tolerance (CTmax) and metabolic performance (SMR, MMR and AS), and induced cardiac remodeling in Nile perch. Furthermore, variation in heart morphology influenced variations in metabolic function and thermal tolerance. These results indicate that plastic changes enacted over longer exposures lead to differences in metabolic flexibility when acutely exposed to temperature variation. Furthermore, we established functional links between cardiac plasticity, metabolic performance, and thermal tolerance, providing evidence that plasticity in cardiac capacity may be one mechanism for coping with climate change.
Data from: The influence of ecological and life history factors on ectothermic temperature-size responses: analysis of three Lycaenidae butterflies (Lepidoptera)
Body size has been shown to decrease with increasing temperature in many species, prompting the suggestion that it is a universal ecological response. However, species with complex life cycles, such as holometabolous insects, may have correspondingly complicated temperature-size responses. Recent research suggests that life history and ecological traits may be important for determining the direction and strength of temperature-size responses. Yet, these factors are rarely included in analyses. Here, we aim to determine if the size of the bivoltine butterfly, Polyommatus bellargus, and the univoltine butterflies, Plebejus argus and Polyommatus coridon, change in response to temperature and whether these responses differ between the sexes, and for P. bellargus, between generations. Forewing length was measured using digital specimens from the Natural History Museum, London (NHM), from one locality in the UK per species. The data were initially compared to annual and seasonal temperature values, without consideration of life history factors. Sex and generation of the individuals and mean monthly temperatures, which cover the growing period for each species, were then included in analyses. When compared to annual or seasonal temperatures only, size was not related to temperature for P. bellargus and P. argus, but there was a negative relationship between size and temperature for P. coridon. When sex, generation and monthly temperatures were included, male adult size decreased as temperature increased in the early larval stages, and increased as temperature increased during the late larval stages. Results were similar but less consistent for females, while second generation P. bellargus showed no temperature-size response. In P. coridon, size decreased as temperature increased during the pupal stage. These results highlight the importance of including life history factors, sex and monthly temperature data when studying temperature-size responses for species with complex life cycles.
Data from: Habitat, latitude, and body mass influence the temperature dependence of metabolic rate
The sensitivity of metabolic rate to temperature constrains the climate in which ectotherms can function, yet the temperature dependence of metabolic rate may evolve in response to biotic and abiotic factors. We compiled a dataset on the temperature dependence of metabolic rate for heterotrophic ectotherms from studies that show a peak in metabolic rate at an optimal temperature (i.e., that describe the thermal performance curve for metabolic rate). We found that peak metabolic rates were lower in aquatic than terrestrial habitats and increased with body mass, latitude, and the optimal temperature. In addition, the optimal temperature decreased with latitude. These results support competing hypotheses about metabolic rate adaptation, with hotter being better in the tropics but colder being better toward the poles. Moreover, our results suggest that the temperature dependence of metabolic rate is more complex than previously suggested.
Data from: Carbon isotopes of C3 herbs correlate with temperature on removing the influence of precipitation across a temperature transect in the agro-pastoral ecotone of Northern China
Plant δ13C–temperature (δ-T) relation has been established in many systems and is often used as paleotemperature transfer function. However, it is still unclear about the exact contributions of temperature variation to plant 13C discrimination because of covariation between temperature and precipitation (aridity), which reduces confidence in reconstruction of paleoclimate. In this study, we measured carbon isotope composition (δ13C) of 173 samples of C3 perennial herbs from 22 sites across a temperature gradient along the 400 mm isohyet in the farming-pastoral zone of North China. The results showed that precipitation obviously affected the correlations of temperatures and foliar δ13C. After removing the influence of precipitation by analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), a more strongly positive relationship was obtained between site-mean foliar δ13C and annual mean temperature (AMT), with a regression coefficient of 0.1636‰/°C (p = .0024). For widespread species, Artemisia lavandulaefolia and Artemisia capillaries, the slopes (or coefficients) of foliar δ13C and AMT were significantly steeper (larger) than those of foliar δ13C and AMT where the precipitation influence was not excluded, whereas the δ-T coefficients of Polygonum persicaria and Leymus chinensis showed little change across the transect after deducting the precipitation effect. Moreover, the positive relationship between temperature and δ13C over the transect could be explained by soil moisture availability related to temperature. Our results may afford new opportunities for investigating the nature of past climate variability.
Experimental and numerical investigations into the influence of temperature on the permeability of hydrate-bearing sediments
<p>Induced by heat injection and climate change, temperature change in hydrate reservoir significantly affects the permeability. A combination of experimental tests and fluid-mechanical-thermal coupling simulations is applied to investigate the temperature influence. The numerical and experimental data is listed here. Results show that the permeability decreases with increasing temperature with a quadratic function relation. Moreover, higher hydrate saturation will promote this reduction. In principle, the increase of temperature leads to linear narrowing of pore throats, further causes the quadratic function relation between permeability and temperature. Higher hydrate saturation will increase the thermal expansion and reduce the initial size of pore throats, which results in a more significant temperature sensitivity. The reduction of permeability may affect the advancement of decomposition front and the release of methane into atmosphere. Accordingly, a theoretical model is developed to describe the permeability-temperature relation, which offers a support for production estimation and environmental assessment.</p>
Influence of calcination temperature and particle size distribution on the physical properties of SrFe12O19 and BaFe12O19 hexaferrite powder - part 2
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Influence of small dams on the stream temperature in a protected area of southern Quebec.
<p>Small dams represent 99% of the world's water impoundments, but little is known about their effect on river temperature. As stream temperature is an important variable in maintaining the aquatic ecosystems integrity, the study of the effect of small dams is necessary. This study purpose to understand the small dams effet on summer stream temperature in a protected area with low disturbance in southern Quebec, Canada. We compared four attributes of the thermal regime (magnitude, frequency and duration of warm events and rate of change) in streams i) upstream and downstream reservoir regulated by a small dam and ii) downstream reservoirs and natural lakes. with a generalized additive model, we also identified key determinants of August stream temperature. Compared to upstream reservoir conditions, we observed a 3.7°C warming in streams downstream of reservoirs regulated by small dams during August 2020. This warming wasn’t significantly different from that observed between upstream and downstream of natural lakes (3.4 °C). Proximity to an upstream waterbody, drainage area, and proportion of the watershed occupied by waterbodies were the principal determinants of water temperature in August, demonstrating the waterbodies importance on the thermal regime of streams.</p> <p> </p>
Photoperiod influences the shape and scaling of freshwater phytoplankton responses to light and temperature
Light fluctuations are ubiquitous, exist across multiple spatial and temporal scales, and directly affect the physiology and ecology of photoautotrophs. However, the indirect effects of light fluctuations on the sensitivity of organisms to other key environmental factors are unclear. Here, we evaluate how photoperiod regime (period of time each day where organisms receive light), a dynamic element of aquatic ecosystems, can influence the interactive effects of temperature and irradiance (intensity of light) on the growth rate of phytoplankton populations. We first completed a literature review and meta-analysis that suggests photoperiod alters the individual effects of temperature – but not irradiance – on algal growth rates and that highlights how few studies experimentally manipulate photoperiod, temperature, and irradiance. To address this empirical gap, we conducted a set of laboratory experiments on three freshwater phytoplankton species (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Chlorella vulgaris, and Cryptomonas ovata). We measured performance surfaces relating growth rate to irradiance and temperature gradients for each species in constant (24:0 hours of light:dark) environments. We then evaluated whether analogous surfaces measured under different photoperiods and scaled by the duration of light availability could be inferred from results under constant light. For a majority of the combinations of species and photoperiods examined, photoperiod meaningfully altered the intercept and shape of performance surfaces. These differences were most pronounced under the shortest photoperiod (6:18 light:dark), where populations underperformed expectations. Alterations to performance surfaces were non-linear and mostly structured by temperature with higher temperatures yielding higher than anticipated growth rates. Collectively, these experiments and synthesis reveal the potential for photoperiod regime to influence the effects of temperature, irradiance, and their interaction on phytoplankton growth. Beyond the environmental variables and organisms presently considered, this research highlights the capacity for dynamic, abiotic variables to exert direct effects while also influencing relationships among other environmental factors.
Diet and temperature modify the relationship between energy use and ATP production to influence behaviour in zebrafish (Danio rerio)
<p>Food availability and temperature influence energetics of animals, and can alter behavioural responses such as foraging and spontaneous activity. Food availability, however, is not necessarily a good indictator of energy (ATP) available for cellular processes. The efficiency of energy transduction from food-derived substrate to ATP in mitochondria can change with environmental context. Our aim was to determine whether the interaction between food availability and temperature affects mitochondrial efficiency and behaviour in zebrafish (Danio rerio). We conducted a fully factorial experiment to test the effects of feeding frequency, acclimation temperature (three weeks to 18 or 28°C), and acute test temperature (18 and 28°C) on whole-animal oxygen consumption, mitochondrial bioenergetics and efficiency (ADP consumed per oxygen atom; P:O ratio), and behaviour (boldness and exploration). We show that infrequently fed (once per day on four days per week) zebrafish have greater mitochondrial efficiency than frequently fed (three times per day on five days er week) animals, particularly when warm-acclimated. The interaction between temperature and feeding frequency influenced exploration of a novel environment, but not boldness. Both resting rate of producing ATP and scope for increasing it were positively correlated with time spent exploring and distance moved in standardised trials. In contrast, behaviour was not associated with whole-animal aerobic (oxygen consumption) scope, but exploration was positively correlated with resting oxygen consumption rates. We highlight the importance of variation in both metabolic (oxygen consumption) rate and efficiency of producing ATP in determining animal performance and behaviour. Oxygen consumption represents energy use, and P:O ratio is a variable that determines how much of that energy is allocated to ATP production. Our results emphasise the need to integrate whole-animal responses with subcellular traits to evaluate the impact of environmental conditions on behaviour and movement. --</p>
The relative influence of sea surface temperature anomalies on the benthic composition of an Indo-Pacific and Caribbean coral reef over the last decade
<p>Rising ocean temperatures are the primary driver of coral reef declines throughout the tropics. Such declines include reductions in coral cover that facilitate the monopolisation of the benthos by other taxa such as macroalgae, resulting in reduced habitat complexity and biodiversity. Long term monitoring projects present rare opportunities to assess how sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) influence changes in the benthic composition of coral reefs across distinct locations. Here, using extensively monitored coral reef sites from Honduras (in the Caribbean Sea), and from the Wakatobi National Park located in the centre of the coral triangle of Indonesia, we assess the impact of global warming on coral reef benthic compositions over the period 2012-2019. Bayesian Generalised Linear Mixed effect Models revealed increases in sponge, and hard coral coverage through time, while rubble coverage decreased at the Indonesia location. Conversely, the effect of sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA) did not predict any changes in benthic coverage. At the Honduras location, algae and soft coral coverage increased through time, while hard coral and rock coverage were decreasing. The effects of SSTA at the Honduras location included increased rock coverage, but reduced sponge coverage, indicating disparate responses between both systems under SSTAs. However, redundancy analyses showed intra-location site variability explained the majority of variance in benthic composition over the course of the study period. Our findings show that SSTAs have differentially influenced the benthic composition between the Honduras and the Indonesia coral reefs surveyed in this study. However, large intra-location variance which explains the benthic composition at both locations indicates that localised processes have a predominant role for explaining benthic composition over the last decade. The sustained monitoring effort is critical for understanding how these reefs will change in their composition as global temperatures continue to rise through the Anthropocene.</p>
Supplementary Materials for "How much has the Sun influenced Northern Hemisphere temperature trends? An ongoing debate"
<p>Supplementary Materials for Connolly et al. (2021), i.e., R. Connolly, W. Soon, M. Connolly, S. Baliunas, J. Berglund, C. J. Butler, R. G. Cionco, A. G. Elias, V. M. Fedorov, H. Harde, G. W. Henry, D. V. Hoyt, O. Humlum, D. R. Legates, S. Lüning, N. Scafetta, J.-E. Solheim, L. Szarka, H. van Loon, V. M. Velasco Herrera, R. C. Willson, H. Yan and W. Zhang (2021). How much has the Sun influenced Northern Hemisphere temperature trends? An ongoing debate. <em>Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics</em> 21, 131. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1088/1674-4527/21/6/131">https://doi.org/10.1088/1674-4527/21/6/131</a></p> <p>1. Supplementary Materials for Connolly et al. (2021) originally hosted on the journal's website at https://www.raa-journal.org/docs/Supp/ms4906Supplementary%20Materials.xlsx</p> <p>2. Additional Supplementary Materials: Python 3 code, input files and output files used for generating various Land Surface Air Temperature time series used as part of the analysis of Connolly et al. (2021)</p> <p> </p>
Datasets and code used to generate the figures in the article "Influence of Forest Cover Loss on Land Surface Temperature Differs by Drivers in China"
<p>We have provided the data and code used to generate the figures in the article "Influence of Forest Cover Loss on Land Surface Temperature Differs by Drivers in China" for reference and further reading. These data can be used to replicate the analyses presented in the paper. If you wish to use the data for other purposes, please contact the authors for permission. Thank you.</p>
Fig. 2 in The Influence of Environmental Temperature and Humidity on the Elevational and Temporal Distributions of Rove Beetles (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) in a Quercus L. Forest in Jalisco, Mexico
Fig. 2. Range-abundance of the most abundant species of carrion-trapped staphylinids at four elevations in oak forest on Cerro de Garc´ıa, Jalisco, Mexico. Species names for abbreviations are in Table 1.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.