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Figure 15 in Integrative taxonomy, larval biology and functional morphology of the little known gall-forming coral endoparasite Petrarca (Thecostraca: Ascothoracida)

Figure 15. Petrarca nozaaeai sp. nov., holotype, antennules and mouth parts. A, right antennule, segments numbered. B, rudimentary seta on fourth antennular segment. C, D, terminal (fifth) segments of right and left antennules, respectively. E, mandible. F, G, maxillules. H, maxillae. Abbreviations: ae, aesthetasc; cl, claw; clg, claw guard. Scale bars in µm.

Figure 11 in Integrative taxonomy, larval biology and functional morphology of the little known gall-forming coral endoparasite Petrarca (Thecostraca: Ascothoracida)

Figure 11. Petrarca morula, general view and mantle (carapace) structures, SEM. A, habitus, lateral view, right side. B, external surface of mantle, central part (papillae coloured in magenta, micropores between bumps coloured in green). C, micropore enlarged from (B). D, external surface of mantle with conspicuous papillae, ventral side. E, tip of papilla with micropore (indicated by arrowhead). F, left valve of carapace, lateral view of internal surface. G, I, ctenoid scales in anteriodorsal and central parts of internal side of carapace respectively. H, cuticle in posterior part of internal side of carapace. Scale bars in µm.

Figure 10 in Integrative taxonomy, larval biology and functional morphology of the little known gall-forming coral endoparasite Petrarca (Thecostraca: Ascothoracida)

Figure 10. Petrarca morula, thoracopods, penis and abdomen. A, rudimentary setiform thoracopod 1. B, left thoracopods 2–6 (numbered) with groups of seminal receptacles. C, rudimentary abdomen, segments numbered. D, distal part of penis. Abbreviations: sr, seminal receptacles. Scale bars in µm.

Figure 9 in Integrative taxonomy, larval biology and functional morphology of the little known gall-forming coral endoparasite Petrarca (Thecostraca: Ascothoracida)

Figure 9. Petrarca morula, antennules and mouthparts. A, right antennule, segments numbered. B, C, terminal (fifth) segments of right and left antennules respectively, lateral view. D, labrum, lateral view. E, mandible. F, maxillule. G, cutting edge of maxillule. H, maxillae. Abbreviations: ae, aesthetasc; cl, claw; clg, claw guard; ml, medial languette; mo, mouth opening; oe, oesophagus. Scale bars in µm.

Figure 8 in Integrative taxonomy, larval biology and functional morphology of the little known gall-forming coral endoparasite Petrarca (Thecostraca: Ascothoracida)

Figure 8. Petrarca morula, general view, light microscopy. A, B, lateral view, right and left sides. C, dorsal view, anterior end on the left. D, ventral view, anterior end on the right. Abbreviations: pe, penis. Scale bar in µm.

Figure 7 in Integrative taxonomy, larval biology and functional morphology of the little known gall-forming coral endoparasite Petrarca (Thecostraca: Ascothoracida)

Figure 7. Petrarca goanna, rudimentary abdomen, penis, armament/sculpture of maxillae and thoracopods, SEM. A, thick and wrinkled cuticle on distal surface of maxilla. B, ctenoid scales on lateral surface of maxilla. C, ctenoid scales on third thoracopod. D, rudimentary abdomen. E, distal part of penis. Scale bars in µm.

Figure 3 in Integrative taxonomy, larval biology and functional morphology of the little known gall-forming coral endoparasite Petrarca (Thecostraca: Ascothoracida)

Figure 3. Petrarca goanna, antennules and mouthparts. A, left antennule, segments numbered. B, C, terminal (fifth) segments of left and right antennules, respectively. D, rudimentary seta on fourth antennular segment. E, labrum, anterior view. F, mandible. G, cutting edge of mandible. H, maxillule. I, cutting edge of maxillule. J, maxillae. Abbreviations: ae, aesthetasc; cl, claw; clg, claw guard; oe, oesophagus. Scale bars in µm.

Figure 2 in Integrative taxonomy, larval biology and functional morphology of the little known gall-forming coral endoparasite Petrarca (Thecostraca: Ascothoracida)

Figure 2. Petrarca goanna, general view, light microscopy. A, B, specimen dissected for body parts' examination on Figures 3, 4, lateral view from right (A) and left (B) sides. C, D, mature specimen, lateral view from right (C) and left (D) sides. E–G, young specimens, lateral view from right (E, G) and left (F) sides. Scale bars in µm.

Figure 1 in Integrative taxonomy, larval biology and functional morphology of the little known gall-forming coral endoparasite Petrarca (Thecostraca: Ascothoracida)

Figure 1. Species of the genus Petrarca (Thecostraca: Ascothoracida) endoparasitic in Turbinaria corals in Taiwan. A, globular galls (circled) formed by Petrarca on the surface of Turbinaria coral (modified after Kolbasov et al., 2021). B, gall formed by Petrarca on the coral surface. C, underneath the gall chipped off from coral shows two individuals of Petrarca goana (indicated by

Figure 5 in Integrative taxonomy, larval biology and functional morphology of the little known gall-forming coral endoparasite Petrarca (Thecostraca: Ascothoracida)

Figure 5. Petrarca goanna, general view and mantle (carapace) structures (SEM). A, habitus, lateral view, right side. B, external surface of mantle, central part. C, external surface of mantle with few papillae/teeth, ventral view. D, external papilla of mantle, ventral view. E, tip of papilla with micropores (indicated by arrowhead). F, habitus with right valve removed (first abdominal segment numbered). G, surface of internal cuticle of mantle. H, ctenoid scales on dorsal surface of thorax. Abbreviations: a1, antennule; ad, adductor muscle; oc, oral cone; pe, penis; rab, rudimentary abdomen; thp, thoracopods. Scale bars in µm.

Figure 4 in Integrative taxonomy, larval biology and functional morphology of the little known gall-forming coral endoparasite Petrarca (Thecostraca: Ascothoracida)

Figure 4. Petrarca goanna, thoracopods, penis and abdomen. A, rudimentary setiform thoracopod 1. B, right thoracopods 2–6 (numbered) with clusters of seminal receptacles. C, rudimentary abdomen, segments numbered. D, distal part of penis. Scale bars in µm.

Figure 6 in Integrative taxonomy, larval biology and functional morphology of the little known gall-forming coral endoparasite Petrarca (Thecostraca: Ascothoracida)

Figure 6. Petrarca goanna, antennules and mouth parts, SEM. A, distal segments of antennule (numbered). B, rudimentary seta on fourth antennular segment. C, wrinkled cuticle with tiny pores on postaxial (ventral) margin of fifth antennular segment (tiny pores enlarged in circle outline). D, distal half of claw guard aesthetasc. E, labrum, lateral view (ctenoid

Figure 5 from: Kolbasov GA, Petrunina AS, Ho M-J, Chan BKK (2019) A new species of Synagoga (Crustacea, Thecostraca, Ascothoracida) parasitic in an antipatharian from Green Island, Taiwan, with notes on its morphology. ZooKeys 876: 55-85. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.876.35443

Figure 5 Synagoga arabesque sp. nov., male. General morphology A, C–E one paratype Mg 1245; B other paratype Mg 1245 A general view lateral with outstretched antennules, oral cone, thoracopods and abdomen, right side B general view lateral, left side, anterior end left C left valve of carapace with frontal filament complex, inner side, anterior end right D first abdominal (seventh trunk) segment with penis, lateral view E Enlarged part of basal shaft of penis with pleural process of first abdominal segment (plp) F Distal part of telson with telson spine and furcal ramus (inner side). Abbreviations: a1 – antennule, ab – abdomen, acp – anterior pit of carapace, ad – adductor muscle, ar – anterior ramus of frontal filament complex, bs – basal ramus of frontal filament complex, ffc – frontal filament complex, fr – furcal rami, gd – gut diverticulum, oc – oral cone, pe – penis, plp – pleural process of first abdominal segment, pr – posterior ramus of frontal filament complex, tes – testis, thp1-6 – thoracopods I–VI, ts – telson spine. Scale bars: in μm.

Figure 4 from: Kolbasov GA, Petrunina AS, Ho M-J, Chan BKK (2019) A new species of Synagoga (Crustacea, Thecostraca, Ascothoracida) parasitic in an antipatharian from Green Island, Taiwan, with notes on its morphology. ZooKeys 876: 55-85. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.876.35443

Figure 4 Synagoga arabesque sp. nov., female, holotype. Left (A, B, D–F) and right (C) thoracopods I–VI respectively. Ampuliform seminal receptacles are situated in upper outer parts of coxae of thoracopods II–V (B–E). Numbers indicating positions for setal counts in description (1–9) are shown for thoracopod II (B). Abbreviation: ba – basis, co – coxa, en – endopod, ex – exopod, sr – seminal receptacles. Scale bars: in μm.

Figure 17 from: Kolbasov GA, Petrunina AS, Ho M-J, Chan BKK (2019) A new species of Synagoga (Crustacea, Thecostraca, Ascothoracida) parasitic in an antipatharian from Green Island, Taiwan, with notes on its morphology. ZooKeys 876: 55-85. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.876.35443

Figure 17 Synagoga arabesque sp. nov. Lattice organs, with dotted arrows indicating anterior direction (SEM) A–D female E–H male A, E general view, dorsolateral view, locations on carapace of anterior (1, 2) and posterior (3–5) pairs of lattice organs indicated by oval outlines B, F anterior lattice organs (1, 2) C, G left lattice organs 1 (first pair) D, H left and right lattice organs 2 (second pair). Abbreviations: a1 – antennules, lo1-5 – lattice organs, tp – terminal pore of lattice organ. Scale bars: in μm.

Figure 14 from: Kolbasov GA, Petrunina AS, Ho M-J, Chan BKK (2019) A new species of Synagoga (Crustacea, Thecostraca, Ascothoracida) parasitic in an antipatharian from Green Island, Taiwan, with notes on its morphology. ZooKeys 876: 55-85. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.876.35443

Figure 14 Synagoga arabesque sp. nov., male. Morphology of epaulet, penis, telson and furcal rami (SEM) A epaulet of thoracic segment 6 B rami of penis; enlarged terminal parts of pleural processes of first abdominal segment in rectangle area C tip of ramus of penis D telson, lateral side E telson spines and base of furcal ramus F middle parts of furcal rami G terminal parts of furcal rami H ctenoid scales on dorsal sides of furcal rami. Abbreviations: ep – epaulet, fr – furcal rami, pe – penis, plp – pleural process of first abdominal segment, te – telson, ts – telson spines. Scale bars: in μm.

Figure 13 from: Kolbasov GA, Petrunina AS, Ho M-J, Chan BKK (2019) A new species of Synagoga (Crustacea, Thecostraca, Ascothoracida) parasitic in an antipatharian from Green Island, Taiwan, with notes on its morphology. ZooKeys 876: 55-85. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.876.35443

Figure 13 Synagoga arabesque sp. nov., male. General morphology, mantle structures (SEM) A general view lateral, left side B Inner body (prosoma), lateral view (thoracic segments numbered in Roman numerals, abdominal segments in Arabic numerals) C submarginal fold of mantle with cuticular fringe (indicated by arrowheads) near anterior margin (anterior direction indicated by dotted arrow) D submarginal fold of mantle with cuticular fringe (indicated by arrowheads) in middle part on ventral side of valve of carapace (anterior direction indicated by dotted arrow) E submarginal fold of mantle with cuticular fringe and setiform projections (indicated by arrowheads) at posterior end of valve of carapace (thin marginal fold indicated by small arrows, anterior direction indicated by dotted arrow) F frontal filament complex (thoracopods numbered). Abbreviations: a1 – antennules, ab – abdomen, ar – anterior ramus of frontal filament complex, bs – basal ramus of frontal filament complex, ffc – frontal filament complex, fr – furcal rami, lb – labrum, oc – oral cone, pe – penis, pr – posterior ramus of frontal filament complex, te – telson, thp1-6 – thoracopods I–VI. Scale bars: in μm.

Figure 9 from: Kolbasov GA, Petrunina AS, Ho M-J, Chan BKK (2019) A new species of Synagoga (Crustacea, Thecostraca, Ascothoracida) parasitic in an antipatharian from Green Island, Taiwan, with notes on its morphology. ZooKeys 876: 55-85. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.876.35443

Figure 9 Synagoga arabesque sp. nov., female. Morphology and structures of thorax and abdomen (SEM) A dorsal surface of thoracic segments 2 and 3 B posterior part of thorax (segments numbered in Roman numerals) and abdomen (segments numbered in Arabic numerals), enlarged small epaulet in rectangle area in lower left angle C penis rudiment D telson spines E distal halves of furcal rami F furcal ramus, inner surface G terminal ends of furcal rami H Enlarged basal part of furcal ramus showing setation and sculpture on inner surface. Abbreviations: fr – furcal ramus, per – rudimentary penis, te – telson, ts – telson spines, thp6 – thoracopod VI. Scale bars: in μm.

Figure 18 from: Kolbasov GA, Petrunina AS, Ho M-J, Chan BKK (2019) A new species of Synagoga (Crustacea, Thecostraca, Ascothoracida) parasitic in an antipatharian from Green Island, Taiwan, with notes on its morphology. ZooKeys 876: 55-85. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.876.35443

Figure 18 Synagoga arabesque sp. nov. Posterior (3–5) pairs of lattice organs, with dotted arrows indicating anterior direction (SEM) A–D female E–H male A, E posterior pairs (3–5) of lattice organs B, F left lattice organs 3 (third pair) C, G left lattice organs 4 (fourth pair) D, H left lattice organs 5 (fifth pair). Abbreviations: lo3-5 lattice organs, tp – terminal pore of lattice organ. Scale bars: in μm.

Figure 10 from: Kolbasov GA, Petrunina AS, Ho M-J, Chan BKK (2019) A new species of Synagoga (Crustacea, Thecostraca, Ascothoracida) parasitic in an antipatharian from Green Island, Taiwan, with notes on its morphology. ZooKeys 876: 55-85. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.876.35443

Figure 10 Synagoga arabesque sp. nov., female. Morphology of antennules (SEM) A right antennule, lateral view, inner surface, segments numbered B Ctenoid scales of second segment C omniserrate setae on postaxial/ventral surface of second segment D Claw sheathed by claw guard, inner side of sixth segment E Junction between claw and claw guard showing their microsculpture, inner side F Spines of fourth segment forming 'fork' to accept claw of sixth segment G proximal sensory process of sixth segment H claw sheathed by claw guard, outer side of sixth segment I junction between claw and claw guard showing their microsculpture, terminal ctenoid fold of claw guard sheathed claw indicated by asterisk, outer side. Abbreviations: ae – aesthetasc, cg – claw guard, cl – claw, ps – proximal sensory process. Scale bars: in μm.