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93 results for “Tidarren”
Figures 28–36 in The one-palped spider genera Tidarren and Echinotheridion in the Old World (Araneae, Theridiidae), with comparative remarks on Tidarren from America
Figures 28–36. (28–30, 36) Echinotheridion gibberosum (Kulczynski) from Tenerife. (31–33) Tidarren argo Knoflach and van Harten from Yemen. (34, 35) T. cuneolatum (Tullgren) from Yemen. (28–31) Female palpal claw with characteristic large dentition. (32) Serrated setae of tarsal comb of female leg IV. (33) Female tarsal claw. (34, 35) Trichobothria on male tibiae IV and III. Pore on base of hair shaft represents the moulting pore (F. G. Barth, in litt.). (36) Tarsal organ on female palp. Scale bars: 0.05 mm (28); 0.02 mm (29–33); 0.005 mm (34); 0.01 mm (35, 36).
Figures 116–119. Tidarren dentigerum n in The one-palped spider genera Tidarren and Echinotheridion in the Old World (Araneae, Theridiidae), with comparative remarks on Tidarren from America
Figures 116–119. Tidarren dentigerum n. sp. from Yemen, Ta'izz, copulatory behaviour. (116) First minutes of copulation, left male palp inserted, his legs extended sideways. Haematodochae largely inflated, but unmodified. (117) Male death during copulation, his legs contracted. (118) Female removes dead male from epiygnum. (119) Mate consumption. Male palp remains inflated after copulation (118, 119).
Figures 7–10 in The one-palped spider genera Tidarren and Echinotheridion in the Old World (Araneae, Theridiidae), with comparative remarks on Tidarren from America
Figures 7–10. Male prosoma, in lateral (7, 9) and frontal view (8, 10). (7, 8) Tidarren argo Knoflach and van Harten from Yemen. (9) T. cuneolatum (Tullgren) from Yemen. (10) Echinotheridion gibberosum (Kulczynski) from Tenerife. Note high and steep clypeus and site of palp amputation with trochanter still present. Scale bars: 0.2 mm.
Figure 2 in The one-palped spider genera Tidarren and Echinotheridion in the Old World (Araneae, Theridiidae), with comparative remarks on Tidarren from America
Figure 2. Male of Tidarren cuneolatum (Tullgren), just moulted into subadult stage. (a) Moulting and amputation site below hub, the usual resting place of the spider; (b) male (left) removing his exuvia from the moulting site; (c) two-palped male before amputation.
Figures 3–6 in The one-palped spider genera Tidarren and Echinotheridion in the Old World (Araneae, Theridiidae), with comparative remarks on Tidarren from America
Figures 3–6. Subadult males. (3, 4) Echinotheridion gibberosum (Kulczynski) from Tenerife. (3) Ecdysis just completed, male suspended on moulting thread, both palps present. (4) Palp amputation accomplished; arrow points to detached palp. (5, 6) Tidarren sisyphoides (Walckenaer) from Mexico. (5) Early phase of amputation, circling. (6) Amputated palp already sucked out.
Figures 37–40 in The one-palped spider genera Tidarren and Echinotheridion in the Old World (Araneae, Theridiidae), with comparative remarks on Tidarren from America
Figures 37–40. (37) Tidarren sisyphoides (Walckenaer) from Mexico. (38) T. argo Knoflach and van Harten from Yemen. (39, 40) Echinotheridion gibberosum (Kulczynski) from Tenerife. (37) Male epigaster with five epiandrous gland spigots. (38) Male spinnerets, colulus absent. (39, 40). Female spinnerets. Note absence of colulus and colular setae, a synapomorphy of Theridiinae according to Agnarsson (2004), and presence of large, compressed spigots of glandulae aggregatae on posterior lateral spinnerets, typical of Theridiidae. Scale bars: 0.02 mm (37); 0.05 mm (38); 0.2 mm (39); 0.1 mm (40).
Figures 97–102 in The one-palped spider genera Tidarren and Echinotheridion in the Old World (Araneae, Theridiidae), with comparative remarks on Tidarren from America
Figures 97–102. Tidarren cuneolatum (Tullgren). Female epigynum/vulva in lateral (97), ventral (98–101), and dorsal view (102). Specimens from Yemen, Sana'a (97, 98, 102), Kenya (99), Cape Verde Islands (100), and Gran Canaria (101). Scale bars: 0.1 mm.
Figures 111–115. Tidarren dentigerum n in The one-palped spider genera Tidarren and Echinotheridion in the Old World (Araneae, Theridiidae), with comparative remarks on Tidarren from America
Figures 111–115. Tidarren dentigerum n. sp. from Yemen, Ta'izz. Female epigynum/vulva in lateral (111), ventral (112, 113, different specimens), dorsal (114), and aboral view (115). Scale bars: 0.1 mm.
Figures 95, 96 in The one-palped spider genera Tidarren and Echinotheridion in the Old World (Araneae, Theridiidae), with comparative remarks on Tidarren from America
Figures 95, 96. Tidarren cuneolatum (Tullgren) from Yemen. Female epigynum/vulva ventral (95) and dorsal view (96). Auto-Montage digital photos.
Figures 136–140. Tidarren konrad n in The one-palped spider genera Tidarren and Echinotheridion in the Old World (Araneae, Theridiidae), with comparative remarks on Tidarren from America
Figures 136–140. Tidarren konrad n. sp., from Yemen, Hammam 'Ali. Female epigynum/vulva in frontal (136), ventral (137, 138), aboral (139), and lateral view (140). Scale bars: 0.1 mm.
Figures 109, 110. Tidarren dentigerum n in The one-palped spider genera Tidarren and Echinotheridion in the Old World (Araneae, Theridiidae), with comparative remarks on Tidarren from America
Figures 109, 110. Tidarren dentigerum n. sp., different specimens from Yemen, Ta'izz. Left male palp, retrolateral view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.
Figures 56–61 in The one-palped spider genera Tidarren and Echinotheridion in the Old World (Araneae, Theridiidae), with comparative remarks on Tidarren from America
Figures 56–61. Tidarren argo Knoflach and van Harten from Yemen, Hammam 'Ali (56, 57, 60), Khamis Bani Sa'd (61), and from Tibesti (58, 59). Female epigynum/vulva in lateral (56, 58), ventral (57, 59, 61), and aboral view (60). Scale bar: 0.1 mm.
Figure 72 in The one-palped spider genera Tidarren and Echinotheridion in the Old World (Araneae, Theridiidae), with comparative remarks on Tidarren from America
Figure 72. Tidarren argo Knoflach and van Harten from Yemen. Male palp with expanded horn-shaped haematodochae which keep palp fastened to epigynum. Basal haematodocha (posterior horn) pressed against the female's venter, median one (anterior horn) towards her epigaster.
Figures 73, 74 in The one-palped spider genera Tidarren and Echinotheridion in the Old World (Araneae, Theridiidae), with comparative remarks on Tidarren from America
Figures 73, 74. Tidarren argo Knoflach and van Harten from Yemen. (73) Female guarding egg-sac. (74) Further egg-sacs are attached at intervals of about 2 weeks and guarded. Upper one already hatched, right with first instars emerged from the eggs, left with eggs just deposited.
Figure 86. Tidarren sisyphoides. A–F, highly modified male palp. A in Morphological phylogeny of cobweb spiders and their relatives (Araneae, Araneoidea, Theridiidae)
Figure 86. Tidarren sisyphoides. A–F, highly modified male palp. A, ventral, close-up. B, ectal from below; note single trichobothrium (arrow). C, ectal. D, apical; note extremely modified cymbium. E, dorsal. F, details of cymbial ridges (23-2), and the tarsal organ. G, epigynum. Scale bars: A, 50 Mm; B–E, G, 100 Mm; F, 20 Mm.
Figure 87. Tidarren sisyphoides. A, B, male stridulatory system. A in Morphological phylogeny of cobweb spiders and their relatives (Araneae, Araneoidea, Theridiidae)
Figure 87. Tidarren sisyphoides. A, B, male stridulatory system. A, pick and nubbins on abdomen. B, ridges on prosoma. C, female ALS; arrow indicates the MAP. D, PLS and PMS. E, tip of female tarsus; note semipalmate claw (177-2). F, female first tarsus. Scale bars: A, 10 Mm; B-F, 50 Mm.
Individual diet specialization in the spider Tidarren haemorrhoidale (Bertkau, 1880) (Theridiidae)
<p>Data on the article "Individual diet specialization in the spider <em>Tidarren haemorrhoidale</em> (Bertkau, 1880) (Theridiidae)". First column presents spider identification (Spider_ID), second column is prey taxa (Prey_ID), and the third is prey length in mm (Prey_length). The abstract of the article is available below. To use the dataset, cite the article available on Ethology (<a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/14390310">Ethology - Wiley Online Library</a>).<br> <br> Individual specialization (<em>IS</em>) in resource use is common within populations of several animal species because some individuals can be more efficient than others in obtaining specific food items. Spiders are usually classified as euryphagous predators, but broad diet of populations may result from many individuals specializing in capturing different types of prey. Empirical evidence supporting this pattern, however, is still scarce. In this study, we hypothesized that (1) the diet of individuals of <em>Tidarren haemorrhoidale </em>is more restricted than the population’s diet, and (2) individual diet restrictions are not determined by the spatial distribution of prey types. We collected prey remains of 74 webs of females in a conservation area of the Atlantic Forest. Our results indicated that <em>T. haemorrhoidale </em>could be considered an euryphagous predator because its diet comprised Opiliones, Diplopoda and eight orders of insects. However, spiders exhibited moderate and high degrees of <em>IS</em> for prey size and taxa, respectively. There was no modularity for both prey attributes in the food web, but there was a medium nestedness. Most individuals captured ants, but additional prey taxa were of different orders. There was no correlation between the dissimilarity of prey taxa and the distances between the webs, suggesting that <em>IS</em> did not occur based on the spatial distribution of their potential prey. The diversity of prey defensive strategies may induce spiders to perform specific behavioral routines after prey interception. If this occurs, cognitive constraints may limit their ability to use different capture routines efficiently. Our study supports the predictions of individual niche specialization theory for a euryphagous spider species and highlights the potential of spiders as a study model to investigate the underlying mechanisms.</p>
FIG. 24 in Palpal loss, single palp copulation and obligatory mate consumption in Tidarren cuneolatum (Tullgren, 1910) (Araneae, Theridiidae)
FIG. 24. Tidarren cuneolatum (Tullgren). Relationship between prosoma width and tibia I length, males (n 5 29) and females (n 5 34).
FIGS 20 in Palpal loss, single palp copulation and obligatory mate consumption in Tidarren cuneolatum (Tullgren, 1910) (Araneae, Theridiidae)
FIGS 20± 22. Tidarren cuneolatum (Tullgren). Functional contact in insertion of left palp (20, 21); in retrolateral (20) and prolateral view (21), female punctured. Epigynum, ventral view (22). Abbreviations: bh, basal haematodocha; mh, median haematodocha; IV, coxa IV; St, female sternum. Scale line: 0.1 mm (22).
FIG. 23 in Palpal loss, single palp copulation and obligatory mate consumption in Tidarren cuneolatum (Tullgren, 1910) (Araneae, Theridiidae)
FIG. 23. Relationship between width of palpal tarsus and prosoma width in selected small males of ®ve araneoid families. Each symbol represents one species. Measurements taken mainly from the taxonomic literature. Species arranged within families according to increase of prosoma size. Theridiidae (14): Theonoe sola Thaler and Steinberger, 1988; Carniella brignolii Thaler and Steinberger, 1988; Tidarren cuneolatum (Tullgren, 1910), arrow; Proboscidula milleri Knoāch, 1995 (covering T. cuneolatum); Carniella siam Knoāch, 1996; Pholcomma gibbum (Westring, 1851); Theridion conigerum (Simon, 1914); Paidiscura pallens (Blackwall, 1834); Theridion genistae Simon, 1873, above; Phoroncidia paradoxa (Lucas, 1846), below; Crustulina guttata (Wider, 1834); Paidiscura dromedaria (Simon, 1880); Theridion blackwalli O.P.-Cambridge, 1871; Anelosimus aulicus (C.L. Koch, 1838); Araneidae (1): Singa neta (O.P.-Cambridge, 1872); Mysmenidae (8): Mysmeniola spinifera Thaler, 1995; Synaphris calerensis Wunderlich, 1987; S. agaetensis Wunderlich, 1987; Mysmena leucoplagiata (Simon, 1879); Cepheia longiseta (Simon, 1881); S. dalmatensis Wunderlich, 1980; Trogloneta granulum Simon, 1922; Mysmenella jobi (Kraus, 1967). Theridiosomatidae (2): 24 Naatlo splendida (Taczanowski, 1873); 25 Theridiosoma gemmosum (L. Koch, 1877); Linyphiidae (11): 26 Mycula mossakowskii Schikora, 1994; 27 Trichoncus simoni (Lessert, 1904); Erigonoplus nobilis Thaler, 1991; Panamomop s palmgreni Thaler, 1993; Pelecopsis alpicus Thaler, 1991; Metopobatrus rayi (Simon, 1881); Erigonoplus globipes (L. Koch, 1872); Abacoproeces molestus Thaler, 1973; Minyriolus pusillus (Wider, 1834); Lessertinella kulczynskii (Lessert, 1909); Walckenaeria denisi Thaler, 1984.
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