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310 results for “Tree growth”
Data from: Negative density dependence in the mortality and growth of tropical tree seedlings is strong, and primarily caused by fungal pathogens
<ol> <li class="Body">Natural enemies have been implicated as agents of negative density dependence (NDD) in tropical forests, but their relative contributions to NDD, and thus to the maintenance of diversity, are largely unknown.</li> <li class="Body">We monitored the rates of survival and relative growth rates on seedlings for ten years in tropical moist forest in Manu National Park, Peru. We then experimentally manipulated the plots to exclude fungal pathogens, insects, small mammals, and large mammals for an additional 31 months to assess the influence of these natural enemies on density-dependent interactions among tropical seedlings.</li> <li class="Body">Fungal pathogens made the most important contribution to negative density dependence. The application of fungicide led to lower mortality rates, faster growth rates, and decreased species diversity. Other taxa of natural enemies had at most minor effects on seedling performance.</li> <li class="Body"> <i>Synthesis. </i>We conclude that fungal pathogens are the strongest contributors to the widely observed NDD that occurs among seedlings. Moreover, the presence of fungal pathogens augments the species diversity of seedlings, indicating their critical contribution to the maintenance of species coexistence and the structure of tropical tree communities.</li> </ol>
Data from: Three decades of annual growth, mortality, physical condition, and microsite for ten tropical rainforest tree species
In lowland tropical rainforest, hundreds of tree species typically occur within mesoscale landscapes (50-500 ha). There is no consensus ecological theory that accounts for the coexistence of so many species with similar morphologies and the same fundamental requirements of light, nutrients, water, and physical space. In part this is due to the limited understanding of post-establishment ecology for the vast majority of tropical tree species. Of even more concern is the lack of understanding of how these trees are responding to on-going atmospheric and climatic changes. Here we present long-term data on the post-establishment ecology of ten species of tropical rainforest trees that span a broad life-history spectrum. The study site was upland (non-swamp) old-growth tropical wet forest at the La Selva Biological Station (N.E. Costa Rica). Focal individuals from established seedlings to mature trees were assessed annually, with an emphasis on accuracy and long-term consistency of the observations. The annual time-step, rare for longterm studies in tropical rainforest, captures the typically abrupt changes in forest structure and light environments, the frequent instances of major physical damage, and the trees' responses to these events and to interannual and long-term climatic variation. With the completion of the study in 2016, the data for survivorship, growth, and microsite conditions span 4499 individuals and 34 years. The first ten years of these data were published as an Ecology/Ecological Archives data paper in 2000 (Clark and Clark 2000), with two subsequent update publications (Clark and Clark 2006, 2012). This final update adds the final six years of observations, digitized field comments, and histories of points of measurement on the trees. The metadata now include the scanned original field data-sheets for the entire study and a narrative detailing the annual qa/qc of the data. The data set is unique for its scope (years of continuous annual measurements, number of monitored individuals), the in-depth documentation, and the unrestricted data access. The data have been used to study life history patterns, tree ecology through ontogeny, and effects on tree performance from interannual and long-term climatic and atmospheric change. They have also contributed to numerous remote-sensing studies.
Data from: Decoupling between growth rate and storage remobilization in broadleaf temperate tree species
<p>1. Temperate trees rely on carbon (C) and nutrient remobilisation from storage to resume growth after winter. Minimum storage levels during the growing season suggest that remobilisation could signify that C availability is insufficient to meet growth demands; consequently, growth might be C and/or nutrient limited. However, it remains unclear whether higher growth demands are covered by higher remobilization. This study examined whether higher C and nutrient demands associated with fast growth or deciduousness, rely on greater remobilisation.</p> <p>2. In 11 sympatric deciduous and evergreen angiosperm tree species from southern South América, the magnitude of seasonal remobilisation of C and nutrient storage was assessed as the seasonal minimums (relative to seasonal maximums) of whole tree non-structural carbohydrates (NSC), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) concentrations and pools. The basal area increment and stem wood density were determined for each tree, from which the biomass radial increment (BRI) was estimated. The effects of leaf habit and BRI on the seasonal minimums NSCs and nutrient concentrations and pools were analysed using linear mixed-effects models.</p> <p>3. Radial growth was not related to seasonal minimum NSC or nutrient concentrations and pools in either the evergreens or deciduous angiosperms; thus, faster growth was not associated with greater remobilisation of C or nutrient stores. Further, larger trees grew faster than smaller ones, but did not have higher remobilisation. Deciduous species had higher year-round whole tree NSC and nutrient concentrations than evergreens; however, both groups had similar BRI and seasonal minimum concentrations and pools of NSCs and nutrients.</p> <p>4. Neither growth rate nor leaf habit drove the magnitude of C and nutrient remobilisation in the angiosperm trees examined here, indicating no C or nutrient limitation. This result contradicts the view that growth and storage strongly regulate one another, as proposed by a growth-storage trade-off.</p>
Data from: Declines in low-elevation subalpine tree populations outpace growth in high-elevation populations with warming
1. Species distribution shifts in response to climate change require that recruitment increase beyond current range boundaries. For trees with long lifespans, the importance of climate-sensitive seedling establishment to the pace of range shifts has not been demonstrated quantitatively. 2. Using spatially explicit, stochastic population models combined with data from long-term forest surveys, we explored whether the climate-sensitivity of recruitment observed in climate manipulation experiments was sufficient to alter populations and elevation ranges of two widely distributed, high-elevation North American conifers. 3. Empirically observed, warming-driven declines in recruitment led to rapid modeled population declines at the low-elevation, "warm edge" of subalpine forest and slow emergence of populations beyond the high-elevation, "cool edge". Because population declines in the forest occurred much faster than population emergence in the alpine, we observed range contraction for both species. For Engelmann spruce, this contraction was permanent over the modeled time horizon, even in the presence of increased moisture. For limber pine, lower sensitivity to warming may facilitate persistence at low elevations – especially in the presence of increased moisture – and rapid establishment above treeline, and, ultimately, expansion into the alpine. 4. Synthesis. Assuming 21st century warming and no additional moisture, population dynamics in high-elevation forests led to transient range contractions for limber pine and potentially permanent range contractions for Engelmann spruce. Thus, limitations to seedling recruitment with warming can constrain the pace of subalpine tree range shifts.
Data from: Effects of soil type and light on height growth, biomass partitioning, and nitrogen dynamics on 22 species of tropical dry forest tree seedlings: comparisons between legumes and nonlegumes
PREMISE OF THE STUDY: The seedling stage is particularly vulnerable to resource limitation, with potential consequences for community composition. We investigated how light and soil variation affected early growth, biomass partitioning, morphology, and physiology of 22 tree species common in tropical dry forest, including eight legumes. Our hypothesis was that legume seedlings are better at taking advantage of increased resource availability, which contributes to their successful regeneration in tropical dry forests. METHODS: We grew seedlings in a full-factorial design under two light levels in two soil types that differed in nutrient concentrations and soil moisture. We measured height biweekly and, at final harvest, biomass partitioning, internode segments, leaf carbon, nitrogen, δ 13 C, and δ 15 N. KEY RESULTS: Legumes initially grew taller and maintained that height advantage over time under all experimental conditions. Legumes also had the highest final total biomass and water-use efficiency in the high-light and high-resource soil. For nitrogen-fixing legumes, the amount of nitrogen derived from fixation was highest in the richer soil. Although seed mass tended to be larger in legumes, seed size alone did not account for all the differences between legumes and nonlegumes. Both belowground and aboveground resources were limiting to early seedling growth and function. CONCLUSIONS: Legumes may have a different regeneration niche, in that they germinate rapidly and grow taller than other species immediately after germination, maximizing their performance when light and belowground resources are readily available, and potentially permitting them to take advantage of high light, nutrient, and water availability at the beginning of the wet season.
Data from: Local range boundaries versus large-scale tradeoffs: climatic and competitive constraints on tree growth
Species often respond to human‐caused climate change by shifting where they occur on the landscape. To anticipate these shifts, we need to understand the forces that determine where species currently occur. We tested whether a long‐hypothesised trade‐off between climate and competitive constraints explains where tree species grow on mountain slopes. Using tree rings, we reconstructed growth sensitivity to climate and competition in range centre and range margin tree populations in three climatically distinct regions. We found that climate often constrains growth at environmentally harsh elevational range boundaries, and that climatic and competitive constraints trade‐off at large spatial scales. However, there was less evidence that competition consistently constrained growth at benign elevational range boundaries; thus, local‐scale climate‐competition trade‐offs were infrequent. Our work underscores the difficulty of predicting local‐scale range dynamics, but suggests that the constraints on tree performance at a large‐scale (e.g. latitudinal) may be predicted from ecological theory.
Data from: Boreal tree growth exhibits decadal-scale ecological memory to drought and insect defoliation, but no negative response to their interaction
1. Interactions between drought and insect defoliation may dramatically alter forest function under novel climate and disturbance regimes, but remain poorly understood. We empirically tested two important hypotheses regarding tree responses to drought and insect defoliation: 1) trees exhibit delayed, persistent, and cumulative growth responses to these stressors; 2) physiological feedbacks in tree responses to these stressors exacerbate their impacts on tree growth. These hypotheses remain largely untested at a landscape scale, yet are critical for predicting forest function under novel future conditions given the connection between tree growth and demographic processes such as mortality and regeneration. 2. We developed a Bayesian hierarchical model to quantify the ecological memory of tree growth to past water deficits and insect defoliation events, derive antecedent variables reflecting the persistent and cumulative effects of these stressors on current growth, and test for their interactive effects. The model was applied to extensive tree growth, weather, and defoliation survey data from western and eastern regions of the Canadian boreal forest impacted by recent drought and defoliation events and characterized by contrasting tree compositions, climates, and insect defoliators. 3. Results revealed persistent negative tree growth responses to past water (all trees) and defoliation (host trees) stress lasting 3-6 and 10-12 years, respectively, depending on study region. Accounting for the ecological memory of tree growth to water and defoliation stress allowed for detection of interactions not previously demonstrated. Contrary to expectations, we found evidence for positive interactions among non-host trees likely due to reduced water stress following defoliation events. Regional differences in ecological memory to water stress highlight the role of climate in shaping forest responses to drought. 4. Synthesis. Study results suggest negative feedbacks in tree responses to drought and insect attack may be weaker than predicted for defoliator-dominated boreal forest systems. Instead, insect defoliation may offset the impacts of water deficit on boreal tree growth by reducing transpirational water demand. This offset mimics increased resistance to drought following forest thinning and may lessen growth and mortality losses due to increased aridity and more severe insect damage forecast for the boreal forest under global change.
Climate‐driven tree growth and mortality in the Black Forest, Germany: Long‐term observations
<p>Episodic tree mortality can be caused by various reasons. This study describes climate‐driven tree mortality and tree growth in the Black Forest mountain range in Germany. It is based on a 68‐year consistent data series describing the annual mortality of all trees growing in a forest area of almost 250 thousand ha. The study excludes mortality caused by storm, snow and ice, and fire. The sequence of the remaining mortality, the so‐called "desiccated trees," is analyzed and compared with the sequence of the climatic water balance during the growing season and the annual radial growth of Norway spruce in the Black Forest. The annual radial growth series covers 121 years and the climatic water balance series 140 years. These unique time series enable a quantitative assessment of multidecadal drought and heat impacts on growth and mortality of forest trees on a regional spatial scale. Data compiled here suggest that the mortality of desiccated trees in the Black Forest during the last 68 years is driven by the climatic water balance. Decreasing climatic water balance coincided with an increase in tree mortality and growth decline. Consecutive hot and dry summers enhance mortality and growth decline as a consequence of drought legacies lasting several years. The sensitivity of tree growth and mortality to changes in the climatic water balance increases with the decreasing trend of the climatic water balance. The findings identify the climatic water balance as the main driver of mortality and growth variation during the 68‐year observation period on a landscape‐scale including a variety of different sites. They suggest that bark beetle population dynamics modify mortality rates. They as well provide evidence that the mortality during the last 140 years never was as high as in the most recent years.</p>
Climate warming could free cold-adapted trees from C-conservative allocation strategy of storage over growth
<p>Carbon allocation has been fundamental for long-lived trees to survive cold stress at their upper elevation range limit. Although carbon allocation between NSC (non-structural carbohydrate) storage and structural growth is well-documented, it still remains unclear how ongoing climate warming influences these processes, particularly whether these two processes will shift in parallel or respond divergently to warming. Using a combination of an in situ downward-transplant warming experiment and an ex situ chamber warming treatment, we investigated how subalpine fir trees at their upper elevation limit coordinated carbon allocation priority among different sinks (e.g., NSC storage and structural growth) at whole-tree level in response to elevated temperature. We found that transplanted individuals from the upper elevation limit to lower elevations generally induced an increase in specific leaf area, but there was no detected evidence of warming effect on leaf-level saturated photosynthetic rates. Additionally, our results challenged the expectation that climate warming will accelerate structural carbon accumulation while maintaining NSC constant. Instead, individuals favored allocating available carbon to NSC storage over structural growth after one year of warming, despite the amplification in total biomass encouraged by both in situ and ex situ experimental warming. Unexpectedly, continued warming drove a regime shift in carbon allocation priority, which was manifested in the increase of NSC storage in synchrony to structural growth enhancement. These findings imply that climate warming would release trees at their cold edge from C-conservative allocation strategy of storage over structural growth. Thus, understanding the strategical regulation of the carbon allocation priority and the distinctive function of carbon sink components is of great implication for predicting tree fate in the future climate warming.</p>
Data from "Elevation affects both the occurrence of ungulate browsing and its effect on tree seedling growth for four major tree species in European mountain forests"
<p>This repository contains the field data used in the paper from Bernard et al. on the interactive effect of elevation and ungulate browsing on tree regeneration. This dataset is associated with a github repository containing the code to run the analyses of the paper, publicly available at https://github.com/jbarrere3/BaccaraPaper. </p><p> </p><p>Data were collected for the Baccara project, by Elena Granda, Raquel Benavides, Sonia Rabasa, Georges Kunstler, and Marco Heurich. </p>
Rapid positive response of young trees growth to warming reverses nitrogen loss from subtropical soil
<ol> <li>Global warming is widely expected to alter nitrogen (N) cycling in terrestrial ecosystems by accelerating N transformations in soils. However, it is unclear how warming will affect plant–soil N cycling in subtropical ecosystems.</li> <li>Here, we measured the N transformations including net ammoniation, nitrification, nitrous oxide emissions, and nitrate in soil solution throughout the plant–soil continuum with two years of experimental soil warming (+5 °C) in a young subtropical Chinese fir mesocosm. Seasonal variations of soil and plant (foliage and root) N concentrations and isotopes (δ<sup>15</sup>N), foliar water use efficiency, and arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization rate were measured.</li> <li>Soil warming significantly increased net ammoniation and nitrification of the soil, together with the transient positive response observed in inorganic N of the soil. Warming increased nitrate N fluxes in soil solution and nitrous oxide emissions in the first year but not in the second year, suggesting N losses through leaching and gaseous in the initial period of warming. Warming primarily induced enrichment of <sup>15</sup>N in foliage relative to the soil, which was attributed to the trade-offs of persistent increases in plant N uptake caused by enhanced tree growth and a decrease in N losses with continuous warming.</li> <li>Warming significantly increased arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization and foliar water use efficiency throughout the warming period. These results suggest that young trees' growth and N uptake can rapidly acclimate to warming by mechanisms including increases in plant water use efficiency and mycorrhizal colonization.</li> <li>Our findings highlight that warming accelerates the plant–soil N cycle and promotes young trees' growth and N uptake, which in turn reduces soil N lost from this subtropical ecosystem. Therefore, our study suggests that the competition for N between plants and microbes governs whether subtropical forests are opened or closed N cycle systems under climate warming. We highlight that young trees can still maintain their high productivity in facing future climate warming since warming can improve plant N uptake and reduce N loss from subtropical ecosystems. </li> </ol>
The effect of neighbor species' phylogenetic and trait difference on tree growth in subtropical forests
<p>To comprehensively understand ecological dynamics within a forest ecosystem, it is vital to explore how surrounding trees influence the growth of individual trees in a community. Biotic interactions have a significant potential impacts on individual tree growth and their effects can be evaluated through trait and phylogenetic-based approaches. This study investigates the relative importance of biotic interactions on tree growth by examining several metrics and considering three classes of intrinsic growth rates among the focal individuals: slower, intermediate and faster-growing trees. The metrics include hierarchical and absolute trait differences of focal trees to neighbors, neighborhood crowding index, phylogenetic distance, and trait community metrics. Our results indicated that the phylogenetic distance between the focal tree and its neighbors positively impacted the growth of all classes, whereas different traits have distinct effects on slower and faster-growing trees. Specific leaf area (SLA) and leaf area (LA) showed hierarchical importance to tree growth. Trees surrounded by neighbors with higher SLA and LA than themselves grow better, particularly for slower-growing trees. Higher levels of wood density difference between the focal trees and their neighbors positively impacts slower and faster-growing trees, while height difference negatively impacts faster-growing trees. We conclude that the interactions between trees are mediated by their ecological differences, but the performance and responses to surrounding competitors vary along with their growth class within a community. This study has revealed that the tree's intrinsic growth rate mediates the effect of traits and phylogeny of surrounding trees on individual tree growth.</p>
Grow or die: A 49-year growth history of a Japanese warm-temperate tree species
<p>The growth trajectories of trees are not fully understood due to their long lifespan. We characterized the population dynamics of the canopy tree <em>Castanopsis cuspidata</em> (Thunb.) Schottky in a Japanese warm-temperate forest over 49 years (1966–2015). Our study was initiated approximately 50 years after our study site was clear-cut. The forest had a closed canopy for the first 23 years of the study. Strong typhoons in 1991 and 1993 seriously damaged the forest, and since then the forest has been recovering from these disturbances. The diameter distribution of this species was bell-shaped in 1966, suggesting that the trees emerged simultaneously after the clear-cut in the 1910s, and the recruitment of trees has remained unchanged since then. The lack of recruitment of <em>C. cuspidata</em> before the typhoon disturbance supports this conclusion. Assuming that the <em>C. cuspidata</em> trees in 1966 were cohorts that were established soon after the clear-cut, the size differences reflect differences in growth rate, with small trees corresponding to slow growers and large trees corresponding to fast growers. Before the typhoon, slow growers had low survival, and the mortality rate of fast growers was low. Many fast growers were uprooted or snapped by strong winds by the typhoons. However, their mortality rate did not differ from that of slow growers because many slow growers were killed by large fallen trees. The growth of some slow-growing survivors increased after the typhoon, which allowed them to rapidly reach the canopy. Therefore, the typhoon altered the distribution of canopy trees among slow and fast growers. Survivors experienced faster growth than trees that died during the census period, suggesting that growth rate provides a robust indicator of future survival. Before the typhoon, the survival of fast growers was higher than that of slow growers. This suggests that fast growers disproportionally contribute to reproduction compared with slow growers. However, no recruited tree was observed in this subperiod, suggesting that fast growers made no contribution to reproduction. Fast growers might not play a more significant demographic role than slow growers in this species.</p>
Love thy neighbour? Tropical tree growth and its response to climate anomalies is mediated by neighbourhood hierarchy and dissimilarity in carbon and water related traits
<div> <div>Data and R code to reproduce all analyses, figures and tables for Krebber et al. 2024, Ecology Letters:<br>Love thy neighbour? Tropical tree growth and its response to climate anomalies is mediated by neighbourhood hierarchy and dissimilarity in carbon and water related traits. </div> <div> </div> <div>All analyses have been conducted and produced in the R environment (R version 4.1.2; R Core Team, 2021; RStudio Team, 2020). Bayesian hierarchical models have been run using the R package brms (Version 2.19.0; Bürkner, 2017). The data and R files containing the code to reproduce the results, figures and tables are described in the README file and code in more detailed is described in <em>RCode_xxx</em> files. Please note that the analyses are highly computational intensive and the scripts should be run on a high performance cluster (models and scripts running models and handeling model outputs presented here have been run with 16 cpus and with 50 - 100 GB of RAM). Packages needed are loaded at the beginning of each script. Please ensure that these and all their dependencies have been previously installed. The R code in the files has been carefully commented.</div> </div>
Liana-induced tree height reduction limits carbon storage and growth in a tropical forest in Panama
<p>Subset of data and script used in the paper titled 'Lianas reduce tree height with negative consequences for carbon storage and growth estimates'</p>
Performances (survival and growth) and functional traits of tree seedlings along light and water gradients
<p>A foundational assumption of trait-based ecology is that individual performances should be predicted by its functional traits. However, the trait-performance relationships reported in literature were typically weak, probably due to the ignorance of interactions between traits and environments, intraspecific trait variability and hard traits (directly linked to physiological processes of interest). We conducted an experiment of planting 900 seedlings of six tree species separately (one seedling per pot) along experimentally manipulated light and water gradients, monitored their survival and growth, and measured their morphological, photosynthetic and hydraulic traits. Most trait-performance relationships depended on the environments, either marginally changing (weak trait × environment interaction) or even reversing (strong trait × environment interaction) along light or water gradients in our experiment. Such trait × environment interactions were more likely to be detected in growth models using individual-level traits than models using species mean traits, but seedling growth was not better modelled with individual-level traits than species mean traits. Additionally, none of the hard traits (photosynthetic and hydraulic traits) were better predictors than soft traits (morphological traits) modeling seedling growth and survival along light and water gradients. Our study highlights the necessities of considering trait × environment interactions when predicting response of plants to changing environments. The benefits of using individual-level traits or hard traits to predict plant performance might be reduced or even cancelled if their measurement errors are not well controlled.</p>
Drought timing and species growth phenology determine intra-annual recovery of tree height and diameter growth
<p>These are the data reported in van Kampen et al. (2022) "Drought timing and species growth phenology determine intra-annual recovery of tree height and diameter growth" published in AoB Plants. They describe patterns of height and diameter growth for saplings of six tree species undergoing experimental drought conditions at different times of year. </p>
Data from: Tree growth responses to extreme drought after mechanical thinning and prescribed fire in a Sierra Nevada mixed-conifer forest, USA
<p class="MsoNormal">An estimated 128 M trees died during the 2012-2016 California drought, largely in the southern Sierra Nevada Range. Prescribed burning and mechanical thinning are widely used to reduce fuels and restore ecosystem properties, but it is unclear if these treatments improve tree growth and vigor during extreme drought. This study examined tree growth responses after thinning, prescribed burning, and extreme drought at the Teakettle Experimental Forest, a historically frequent fire mixed-conifer forest in the southern Sierra Nevada of California, USA. Mechanical thinning (no thin, understory thin, and overstory thin) and prescribed burning (unburned, fall burning) were implemented in 2000-2001. Using annual growth data from increment cores, over 10,000 mapped and measured trees, and lidar-derived metrics of solar radiation and topographic wetness, we had two primary questions. First, what were the growth responses to thinning and prescribed burning treatments, and did these responses persist during the 2012-2016 drought? Second, what tree-level attributes and environmental conditions influenced growth responses to treatments and drought?</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Thinning increased residual tree growth and that response persisted through extreme drought 10 -15 years after treatments. Growth responses were higher in overstory versus understory thinning, with differences between thinning types more pronounced during drought. Species-specific growth responses were strongest with overstory thinning, with sugar pine (Pinus lambertiana) and incense-cedar (Calocedrus decurrens) having higher growth responses compared to white fir (Abies concolor) and Jeffery pine (Pinus jeffreyi). For individual trees, factors associated with higher growth responses were declining pretreatment growth trend, smaller tree size, and post-treatment low neighborhood basal area. Growth responses were initially not influenced by topography, but topographic wetness became important during extreme drought. Mechanical thinning resulted in durable increases in residual tree growth rates during extreme drought over a decade after thinning occurred, indicating treatment longevity in mitigating drought stress. In contrast, tree growth did not improve after prescribed burning, likely due to fire effects that reduced surface fuels, but had little effect on reducing tree density. Thinning treatments promoted durable growth responses, but focusing on stand-level metrics may ignore important tree-level attributes such as localized competition and topography associated with higher water availability. Mechanical thinning was effective at improving growth in trees that had been experiencing declining growth trends, but was less effective in improving growth responses in large old higher ecological importance.</p>
Combining climatic and genomic data improves range-wide tree height growth prediction in a forest tree
<p>Population response functions based on climatic and phenotypic data from common gardens have long been the gold standard for predicting quantitative trait variation in new environments. However, prediction accuracy might be enhanced by incorporating genomic information that captures the neutral and adaptive processes behind intra-population genetic variation. We used five clonal common gardens containing 34 provenances (523 genotypes) of maritime pine (<em>Pinus pinaster</em> Aiton) to determine whether models combining climatic and genomic data capture the underlying drivers of height-growth variation, and thus improve predictions at large geographical scales. The plastic component explained most of the height-growth variation, probably resulting from population responses to multiple environmental factors. The genetic component stemmed mainly from climate adaptation, and the distinct demographic and selective histories of the different maritime pine gene pools. Models combining climate-of-origin and gene pool of the provenances, and positive-effect height-associated alleles (PEAs) captured most of the genetic component of height-growth and better predicted new provenances compared to the climate-based population response functions. Regionally-selected PEAs were better predictors than globally-selected PEAs, showing high predictive ability in some environments, even when included alone in the models. These results are therefore promising for the future use of genome-based prediction of quantitative traits.</p>
Endogenous rhythmic growth modulates priming of antiherbivore defenses in subsequently formed new leaves of oak trees
<ul> <li>Priming of plant defenses provides increased plant protection against herbivores and reduces the allocation costs of defense. Defense priming in woody plants remains obscure, in particular due to plant development traits such as the endogenous rhythmic growth displayed by oaks (<em>Quercus robur</em>).</li> <li>By using bioassays with oak microcuttings, and by combining transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses, we investigated how leaf herbivory by <em>Lymantria dispar</em> and root inoculation with the ectomycorrhizal fungus <em>Piloderma croceum</em> prime oak defenses. We further investigated how defense priming is modulated by rhythmic growth of the oaks.</li> <li>A first herbivory challenge in oak leaves primed newly grown leaves for an enhanced induction of jamonic acid (JA)-related direct defenses, or enhanced emission of volatiles, depending on the specific growth stage at which the plants where challenged. Root inoculation with <em>Piloderma</em> abolished the enhanced induction of JA-related defenses and volatile emission.</li> <li>Our results indicate that a first herbivore attack primes direct and indirect defenses of newly formed oak leaves, and that the specific display of defense priming is modulated by rhythmic growth. Our results further show that the priming memory in oaks can be transmitted to the next growth cycle - even to the leaves of the new shoot unit.</li> </ul>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.