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Fig. 1. Diplodiscus japonicus and Diplodiscus mehari mitochondrial genomes arrangement. All 22 in Characterization of the complete mitochondrial genomes of Diplodiscus japonicus and Diplodiscus mehari (Trematoda: Diplodiscidae): Comparison with the members of the superfamily Paramphistomoidea and phylogenetic implication

Fig. 1. Diplodiscus japonicus and Diplodiscus mehari mitochondrial genomes arrangement. All 22 tRNA genes are designated by the one-letter code with numbers differentiating each of the two tRNAs leucine and serine. All genes are coded by the same DNA strand and are transcribed clockwise. NCR refers to the non-coding region.

Fig. 5 in Characterization of the complete mitochondrial genomes of Diplodiscus japonicus and Diplodiscus mehari (Trematoda: Diplodiscidae): Comparison with the members of the superfamily Paramphistomoidea and phylogenetic implication

Fig. 5. Proportions between rates of non-synonymous (dN) and synonymous (dS) nucleotide substitutions (dN/dS). Bar chart for pairwise proportions of dN/dS for each of the mitochondrial subunits of the Diplodiscus spp.

Fig. 4. A in Life history strategies of Cotylurus spp. Szidat, 1928 (Trematoda, Strigeidae) in the molecular era - Evolutionary consequences and implications for taxonomy

Fig. 4. A median-joining network of COI haplotype of Cotylurus. Each circle represents a unique haplotype where the diameter is proportional to the number of DNA sequences represented.

Fig. 1 in Life history strategies of Cotylurus spp. Szidat, 1928 (Trematoda, Strigeidae) in the molecular era - Evolutionary consequences and implications for taxonomy

Fig. 1. The phylogenetic relationships within genus Cotylurus based on the concatenated COI mtDNA and 28S rDNA markers. The analysis was performed by the use of Bayesian inference, diamond symbol indicates posterior probability greater than 90%.

Fig. 3 in Life history strategies of Cotylurus spp. Szidat, 1928 (Trematoda, Strigeidae) in the molecular era - Evolutionary consequences and implications for taxonomy

Fig. 3. The phylogenetic relationships within the genus Cotylurus based on COI mtDNA marker. The analysis was performed by the use of Bayesian inference, diamond symbol indicates posterior probability greater than 90%.

Fig. 4 in Characterization of the complete mitochondrial genomes of Diplodiscus japonicus and Diplodiscus mehari (Trematoda: Diplodiscidae): Comparison with the members of the superfamily Paramphistomoidea and phylogenetic implication

Fig. 4. Sliding window analysis of the complete mt genome sequences of 11 Paramphistomoidea trematodes. A sliding window of 300 bp (in 10 bp overlapping steps) was used to estimate nucleotide diversity Pi (π) across the alignments. Nucleotide diversity was plotted against the mid-point positions of each window. Each gene boundary is identified.

Fig. 3 in Characterization of the complete mitochondrial genomes of Diplodiscus japonicus and Diplodiscus mehari (Trematoda: Diplodiscidae): Comparison with the members of the superfamily Paramphistomoidea and phylogenetic implication

Fig. 3. Relative synonymous codon usage (RSCU) of 12 protein coding genes of Diplodiscus japonicus and Diplodiscus mehari. The termination codon is not given.

Fig. 2. A in Characterization of the complete mitochondrial genomes of Diplodiscus japonicus and Diplodiscus mehari (Trematoda: Diplodiscidae): Comparison with the members of the superfamily Paramphistomoidea and phylogenetic implication

Fig. 2. A + T content and nucleotide skew of genes, individual elements, and the complete mitogenome of 11 Paramphistomoidea trematodes.

Fig. 6 in Characterization of the complete mitochondrial genomes of Diplodiscus japonicus and Diplodiscus mehari (Trematoda: Diplodiscidae): Comparison with the members of the superfamily Paramphistomoidea and phylogenetic implication

Fig. 6. Phylogenetic relationships of Diplodiscus japonicus and Diplodiscus mehari with other 30 representative Digenea trematodes based on concatenated amino acid sequences of 12 protein coding genes analyzed by maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) using Gyrodactylus salaris as the outgroup. Statistical support values (Bootstrap/posterior probability) of ML/BI analysis are shown above the nodes. Circles indicate ML/BI = 100/1.0, other values are given above the nodes. Suborders and families are highlighted by individual colors. Accession numbers are given for each species at the end of each sequence. The scale bar corresponds to the estimated number of substitutions per site. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Fig. 2 in Life history strategies of Cotylurus spp. Szidat, 1928 (Trematoda, Strigeidae) in the molecular era - Evolutionary consequences and implications for taxonomy

Fig. 2. The phylogenetic relationships within the genus Cotylurus based on 28S rDNA marker. The analysis was performed by the use of Bayesian inference, diamond symbol indicates posterior probability greater than 90%.

Fig. 5 in Morbidity in California giant salamander (Dicamptodon ensatus Eschscholtz, 1833) caused by Euryhelmis sp. Poche, 1926 (Trematoda: Heterophyiidae)

Fig. 5. Euryhelmis sp. excysted, metacercaria collected from tail skin of a euthanized, chilled larval California giant salamander (Dicamptodon ensatus). A = acetabulum; Mg = Mehlis' gland; O = ovary; Oa = oral acetabulum; P = pharynx; T = testis. Photo credit: R. A. Cole (USGS).

Fig. 4 in Morbidity in California giant salamander (Dicamptodon ensatus Eschscholtz, 1833) caused by Euryhelmis sp. Poche, 1926 (Trematoda: Heterophyiidae)

Fig. 4. Photomicrographs from euthanized, chilled larval California giant salamanders (Dicamptodon ensatus) from a morbidity event in Santa Clara and Santa Cruz Counties, California, USA. (A) Encysted metacercariae (arrows) in the subcutis of the head are surrounded by inflammation and cause undulation of the skin. Cartilage and bone of the skull are to the left. (B) Skin with two encysted metacercariae (arrows) in the subcutis surrounded by macrophages, heterophils, edema (stars). Note the elevation of the epidermis. (C) Skeletal muscle with a metacercaria (M) within a cyst wall (arrow) surrounded by a few macrophages. (D) Kidney with an encysted metacercaria (arrow) in the interstitium that is surrounded by a few macrophages. A glomerulus (G) and tubules (T) are unaffected. Photo credit: J. L. Miller (USGS).

Fig. 6 in Morbidity in California giant salamander (Dicamptodon ensatus Eschscholtz, 1833) caused by Euryhelmis sp. Poche, 1926 (Trematoda: Heterophyiidae)

Fig. 6. Molecular phylogenetic analysis by Hasegawa-Kishino-Yano method with 1000 bootstrap replications based on partial 28S rRNA gene sequence from a metacercaria identified as Euryhelmis sp. removed from the subcutaneous skin of a dead, chilled California giant salamander (Dicamptodon ensatus) from a morbidity event in Santa Clara and Santa Cruz Counties, California, USA, and sequences available in GenBank. Alaria mustelae is the outgroup. The analysis involved 12 nucleotide sequences with a total of 1125 positions in the final dataset.

Fig. 3 in Morbidity in California giant salamander (Dicamptodon ensatus Eschscholtz, 1833) caused by Euryhelmis sp. Poche, 1926 (Trematoda: Heterophyiidae)

Fig. 3. Photographs of the dorsum (A) and ventrum (B) of a euthanized, chilled larval California giant salamander (Dicamptodon ensatus) from a morbidity event in Santa Clara County, California, USA. There are numerous pinpoint to 1.5-mm diameter nodules in the skin over the body including the head, gills, dorsum, ventrum, all four limbs, and tail causing a granular texture to the body. Photo credit: J. L. Miller (USGS).

Fig. 2 in Morbidity in California giant salamander (Dicamptodon ensatus Eschscholtz, 1833) caused by Euryhelmis sp. Poche, 1926 (Trematoda: Heterophyiidae)

Fig. 2. (A) Adult California giant salamander (Dicamptodon ensatus) found mid-day in a calm pool. Note the emaciated body condition and granular textured skin. Weir Creek, Santa Cruz County, California, USA. Photo credit: L. Erickson. (B) First year larval stage D. ensatus. Note the thin wavy tail with its length longer than the snout to vent length (SVL). Weir Creek, Santa Cruz County, California, USA. Photo credit: L. Erickson (Independent contractor). (C) Second-year larval stage D. ensatus with gross disfiguration and nodules (arrows) present on the gills. Note the cloudy appearance of the eyes (arrowheads). Aldercroft Creek, Santa Clara County, California, USA. Photo credit: S. Fork, (Elkhorn Slough National Estuarine Research Reserve).

Fig. 1 in Morbidity in California giant salamander (Dicamptodon ensatus Eschscholtz, 1833) caused by Euryhelmis sp. Poche, 1926 (Trematoda: Heterophyiidae)

Fig. 1. Collection locations of diseased California giant salamanders (Dicamptodon ensatus) used for post-mortem investigation (U.S. Geological Survey National Wildlife Health Center), subsequent visual encounter surveys (VES) of D. ensatus with (VES Lesions) and without (VES No Lesions) similar clinical skin lesions, and previous visual encounter (CA Herps (https://californiaherps.com/);). D. tenebrosus range estimates according to IUCN (2022) and D. ensatus range estimates according to the California Department of Fish and Wildlife (Gogol-Prokurat, 2016).

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Fig. 2 in New records of digenean parasites of Clarias gariepinus (Pisces: Clariidae) from the Okavango Delta, Botswana, with description of Thaparotrema botswanensis sp. n. (Plathelminthes: Trematoda)

Fig. 2. Light and scanning electron micrographs of Clinostomoides brieni Dollfus, 1950 (A–E) and Neodiplostomum type 1 metacercaria (F–H) from Clarias gariepinus in the Okavango Delta: (A) excysted metacercariae; (B) whole mount; (C) spines on body surface; (D) reproductive system; (E) excretory pore; (F) metacercariae encysted in muscle; (G) oral sucker and pharynx; (H) holdfast organ. Scale bars: A, B – 1 mm; C – 2 µm, D, F – 0.1 mm; E – 20 µm; G – 0.05 mm; H – 0.01 mm.

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Fig. 1 in New records of digenean parasites of Clarias gariepinus (Pisces: Clariidae) from the Okavango Delta, Botswana, with description of Thaparotrema botswanensis sp. n. (Plathelminthes: Trematoda)

Fig. 1. Light microscope projection drawings of digeneans from Clarias gariepinus in the Okavango Delta: (A) Clinostomoides brieni Dollfus, 1950; (B) Neodiplostomum Railliet, 1919 type 1 metacercaria; (C) Phyllodistomum bavuri Boomker, 1984; (D) Phyllodistomum vanderwaali Prudhoe & Hussey, 1977; (E) Glossidium pedatum Looss, 1899; (F) Thaparotrema botswanensis sp. n. Scale bars: A, C – 1 mm; D – 0.3 mm; B, E – 0.1 mm; F – 0.2 mm.