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Fig. 12. Chaleponcus dabagaensis Kraus, 1958 in A mountain of millipedes I: An endemic species-group of the genus Chaleponcus Attems, 1914, from the Udzungwa Mountains, Tanzania (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Odontopygidae)

Fig. 12. Chaleponcus dabagaensis Kraus, 1958, left gonopod. — A. Anterior view. B. Posterior view. C. Mesal-ventral view. D. Mesal-dorsal view. al = anterior lamella of telomere, mf = metaplical flange, mp = mesal metaplical process, ms = metaplical shelf, mss = metaplical shelf-spine, pl = posterior lamella of telomere, ps = proximal spine of solenomere, st = main telomeral stem, th = thumblike process of telomere main stem. Scales 0.1 mm.

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Fig. 17 in A mountain of millipedes IX: Species of the family Gomphodesmidae from the Udzungwa Mountains, Tanzania (Diplopoda, Polydesmida)

Fig. 17. Emphysemastix frampt Olsen & Enghoff sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (NHMD 621677), left gonopod. A–B. Mesal view. C–D. Lateral view. E–F. Dorsal view. Abbreviations: L = Process L; M = Process M; rl = rounded lobe; sg = subglobose enlargement. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Fig. 11 in A mountain of millipedes IV: Species of Prionopetalum Attems, 1909, from the Udzungwa Mountains, Tanzania. With notes on "P." fasciatum (Attems, 1896) and a revised species key (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Odontopygidae)

Fig. 11. Prionopetalum spp., outlines of proximal telomere process (tpp). A. P. aculeatum (based on Attems 1914). B. P. ndelei (based on VandenSpiegel & Pierrard 2009). C. P. serratum (based on Attems 1909). D. P. dentigerum (based on Kraus 1960). E. P. tanganjikum (based on Kraus 1960). F. P. xerophilum (based on Kraus 1960). G. P. clarum (based on Kraus 1960). H. P. pulchellum (based on Kraus 1960). I. P. kraepelini (orig.). J. P. fryeri (based on Kraus 1960). K. P. asperginis sp. nov. (orig.). Not to scale.

Fig. 10 in A mountain of millipedes IV: Species of Prionopetalum Attems, 1909, from the Udzungwa Mountains, Tanzania. With notes on "P." fasciatum (Attems, 1896) and a revised species key (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Odontopygidae)

Fig. 10. Prionopetalum spp., outlines of distal telomere process (tdp). A. P. bifidum (based on VandenSpiegel & Pierrard 2009). B. P. tricuspis (based on VandenSpiegel & Pierrard 2009). C. P. aculeatum (based on Attems 1914). D. P. asperginis sp. nov. (orig.). Not to scale.

Fig. 4 in A mountain of millipedes IV: Species of Prionopetalum Attems, 1909, from the Udzungwa Mountains, Tanzania. With notes on "P." fasciatum (Attems, 1896) and a revised species key (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Odontopygidae)

Fig. 4. Prionopetalum asperginis sp. nov., paratype from Kihansi, "forest site", right gonopod telopodite. A. Anterior and slightly mesal view. B. Posterior view. C. Basal view. D. Apical view. E. Apical-mesal view. F. Mesal and slightly posterior view. Abbreviations: ba = basomere; pts = post-torsal spine (broken); pxl = proximal lobe of telomere; ra = rough area of telomere; slm = solenomere; tdp = distal process of telomere; tpp = proximal process of telomere. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.

Fig. 2 in A mountain of millipedes IV: Species of Prionopetalum Attems, 1909, from the Udzungwa Mountains, Tanzania. With notes on "P." fasciatum (Attems, 1896) and a revised species key (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Odontopygidae)

Fig. 2. Body size (body diameter / number of podous rings) of ♂♂ of Prionopetalum spp. Based on original measurements and data from the literature (see Table 1). For "other spp." the entries are median values of the intervals in Table 1.The report of "93 (1) Rumpfringen" (corresponding to 92 podous rings) for P. tanganjikum by Verhoeff (1941) has been omitted, as has Chamberlin's (1927) "nearly fourtythree" segments for P. clarum; both are regarded as quite unlikely and are probably erroneous.

Fig. 9 in A mountain of millipedes IV: Species of Prionopetalum Attems, 1909, from the Udzungwa Mountains, Tanzania. With notes on "P." fasciatum (Attems, 1896) and a revised species key (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Odontopygidae)

Fig. 9. Prionopetalum spp., outlines of distal part of gonopod coxa. The species appear in the sequence in which they key out in the identification key. A. P. megalacanthum (after a specimen in NHMW). B. P. frundsbergi (based on Kraus 1960). C. P. bifidum (based on VandenSpiegel & Pierrard 2009). D. P. tricuspis (based on Brolemann 1920). E. P. aculeatum (based on Kraus 1960). F. P. ndelei (based on VandenSpiegel & Pierrard 2009). G. P. serratum (based on Kraus 1960). H. P. dentigerum (based on Kraus 1960). I. P. tanganjikum (based on Kraus 1960). J. P. xerophilum (based on Kraus 1960). K. P. clarum (based on Kraus 1960). L. P. pulchellum (based on Kraus 1960). M. P. etiennei (based on Demange 1982). N. P. lindi (based on VandenSpiegel & Pierrard 2009). O. P. coronatum (based on Kraus 1958). P. P. exaratum (based on Kraus 1960). Q. P. cornutum (based on Kraus 1960). R. P. kraepelini (orig.). S. P. glomeratum (based on Attems 1935). T. P. urbicolum (based on Kraus 1960). U. P. suave (based on Kraus 1960). V. P. fryeri (based on Kraus 1960). W. P. asperginis sp. nov. (orig). Not to scale.

Fig. 1 in A mountain of millipedes IV: Species of Prionopetalum Attems, 1909, from the Udzungwa Mountains, Tanzania. With notes on "P." fasciatum (Attems, 1896) and a revised species key (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Odontopygidae)

Fig. 1. Map of the Udzungwa Mountains, showing the collecting localities for Prionopetalum asperginis sp. nov. (yellow dot) at the southern extremity of the Udzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve and for P. kraepelini (Attems, 1896) (red diamond) at the eastern edge of the Mwanihana Forest Reserve. Based on fig. 1 in Marshall et al. (2010).

Fig. 7 in A mountain of millipedes IV: Species of Prionopetalum Attems, 1909, from the Udzungwa Mountains, Tanzania. With notes on "P." fasciatum (Attems, 1896) and a revised species key (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Odontopygidae)

Fig. 7. Aquattuor fasciatus (Attems, 1896) comb. nov., specimen from Zanzibar, Kirimkazi. A. Limbus. B–C. Left gonopod. B. Anterior view. C. Posterior view. D–F. Left telomere. D. Tip, basal-anterior view. E. Subdistal part, posterior view (bold arrow points to a microserrate lobe on the margin). F. Tip, apical-posterior view. Abbreviations: mbl = mesobasal lobe of coxal palette; pa = apical palette of coxa. Scale bars: A–C = 0.1 mm; D–F = 0.01 mm.

Fig. 3 in A mountain of millipedes IV: Species of Prionopetalum Attems, 1909, from the Udzungwa Mountains, Tanzania. With notes on "P." fasciatum (Attems, 1896) and a revised species key (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Odontopygidae)

Fig. 3. Prionopetalum asperginis sp. nov., paratype from Kihansi, "forest site". A–B. Hind end. A. Lateral view. B. Posterior view. C. Limbus. D–F. Right gonopod coxa. D. Anterior view (light blue: mounting tape). E. Mesal view. F. Posterior view. G. Transverse section of right gonopod basomere (circle: bundle of tracheae). H. Cluster of tracheae next to internal canal. Abbreviations: amp = anterior metaplical process; eg = efferent groove; ic = internal canal; mlf = metaplical longitudinal flange; mml = metaplical mesad lobe; mmp = distomesal metaplical process; mof = metaplical oblique/horizontal flange; prl = proplical lobe. Scale bars: A, B, D–F = 0.1 mm; C, H = 0.001 mm; G = 0.01 mm.

Fig. 8 in A mountain of millipedes IV: Species of Prionopetalum Attems, 1909, from the Udzungwa Mountains, Tanzania. With notes on "P." fasciatum (Attems, 1896) and a revised species key (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Odontopygidae)

Fig. 8. Aquattuor fasciatus (Attems, 1896) comb. nov., syntype of Odontopyge fasciata (NHMW 2672). A. Gonopods, anterior view. B. Left gonopod, posterior view. Scale bars = 0.5 mm. Photographs: N. Akkari.

Fig. 6 in A mountain of millipedes IV: Species of Prionopetalum Attems, 1909, from the Udzungwa Mountains, Tanzania. With notes on "P." fasciatum (Attems, 1896) and a revised species key (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Odontopygidae)

Fig. 6. Prionopetalum kraepelini (Attems, 1896), specimen from Mang'ula, 339 m asl. Gonopod telopodite. A, C–D, F. Right gonopod telopodite. A. Posterior view. C. Apical (ventral) view. D. Anterior view. F. Telomere distal process. B. Tip of left solenomere. E. Left gonopod, (posterior-) mesal view. Abbreviations: pts = post-torsal spine; pxl = proximal lobe of telomere; slm = solenomere; tdp = telomeral distal process; tpp = telomeral proximal process. Scale bars: A, C–D, E = 0.1 mm; B, F = 0.2 mm.

Fig. 5 in A mountain of millipedes IV: Species of Prionopetalum Attems, 1909, from the Udzungwa Mountains, Tanzania. With notes on "P." fasciatum (Attems, 1896) and a revised species key (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Odontopygidae)

Fig. 5. Prionopetalum kraepelini (Attems, 1896), specimen from Mang'ula, 339 m asl. A–C. Right gonopod coxa. A. Anterior view. B. Anterior-mesal view. C. Mesal view. D–E. Left gonopod. D. Posterior view. E. Anterior-mesal view. F. Midbody-dorsal limbus. G. Row of intercalary microscutes with knobs, from midbody metazona. Abbreviations: amp = anterior metaplical process; lt = lateral coxal tubercle; mlf = metaplical longitudinal flange; mmp = distomesal metaplical process; mof = metaplical oblique/horizontal flange; prl = proplical lobe. Scale bars: A–E = 0.1 mm; F–G = 0.001 mm.

Fig. 6. Helicochetus mutaba Kraus, 1960 in A mountain of millipedes VI. New records, new species, a new genus and a general discussion of Odontopygidae from the Udzungwa Mts, Tanzania (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Odontopygidae)

Fig. 6. Helicochetus mutaba Kraus, 1960, ♂, from Mazombo. Left gonopod. A–B. Coxa. A. Anterior view. B. Mesal view. C–G. Telopodite. C. Anterior-lateral view. D. Detail of C (tip of telomere). E. Mesal-posterior view. F. Anterior-ventral view. G. Detail of F (tip of solenomere). Abbreviations: bp = apical basad process of coxa; btl = basal lamella of telomere; kn = knob-like turn of solenomere; mmf = mesal metaplical flange; mp = metaplica; pp = proplica; ppl = proplical lobe; ps = proximal solenomeral spine; shl = shovel-like flange; slm = solenomere; tm = telomere. Scale bars: A–C, E–F = 0.2 mm; D = 0.05 mm; G = 0.1 mm.

Fig. 5 in A mountain of millipedes VI. New records, new species, a new genus and a general discussion of Odontopygidae from the Udzungwa Mts, Tanzania (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Odontopygidae)

Fig. 5. Helicochetus dimidiatus (Peters, 1855), ♂, from Udzungwa Mts. Left gonopod. A–D. Coxa. A. Mesal view. B. Anterior view. C. Prostatic stylet. D. Apical basad process. E–H. Telopodite. E. Anterior view (the area marked with blue is covered by the mounting tape). F. Posterior view. G. Tip of telomere. H. Tip of solenomere. Abbreviations: bp = apical basad process of coxa; mp = metaplica; pp = proplica; slm = solenomere; sp = prostatic stylet; tm = telomere. Scale bars: A–B, E–F = 0.2 mm; C–D, H = 0.02 mm; G = 0.05 mm.

Fig. 4 in A mountain of millipedes VI. New records, new species, a new genus and a general discussion of Odontopygidae from the Udzungwa Mts, Tanzania (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Odontopygidae)

Fig. 4. Helicochetus spp., ♂♂, from Udzungwa Mts. A–B. H. dimidiatus (Peters, 1855). C–F. H. mutaba Kraus, 1960. A, C, E. Limbus; in E the limbus proper is damaged (remains are seen to the left), so the round-lobed "sublimbus" becomes visible. B, D, F. Surface microsculpture of limbus. Scale bars: A, C, E = 0.01 mm; B, D, F = 0.002 mm.

Fig. 9 in A mountain of millipedes VI. New records, new species, a new genus and a general discussion of Odontopygidae from the Udzungwa Mts, Tanzania (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Odontopygidae)

Fig. 9. Spinotarsus fortehamatus sp. nov., holotype. A–E. Right gonopod telopodite. A. Posterior view. B. Basal lamella of telomere, enlarged. C. Anterior view. D. Posterior-mesal view. E. Distal part of solenomere. F. Right gonopod coxa, posterior and slightly mesal view. G. Limbus. Abbreviations: bla = basal lamella of telomere; cu = cucullus; el1, el2 = smooth telomeral lamellae; mlp = metaplical lamellar process; msp= metaplical spine-like process; ppl = proplical lobe; ps = proximal solenomeral spine; pts = post-torsal spine; slm = solenomere; td = telomeral denticles; tm = telomere; tt = torsotope. Scale bars: A, C–D, F = 0.2 mm; B, E = 0.1 mm; G = 0.01 mm.

Fig. 2 in A mountain of millipedes VI. New records, new species, a new genus and a general discussion of Odontopygidae from the Udzungwa Mts, Tanzania (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Odontopygidae)

Fig. 2. Damacornu transversum gen. et sp. nov., holotype. A. Limbus. B–I. Right gonopod. B. Telopodite, posterior view. C. Telopodite, anterior view. D. Terminal process of telomeral lamella, posterior view. E. Coxa, posterior view. F. Coxa, mesal view. G. Coxa, anterior, slightly mesal view. H. Basal part of telomere, ventral view. I. Tip of solenomere. J. Sternum of rudimentary ninth leg-pair. Abbreviations: ld = lateral denticle of coxa; mf = metaplical flange; mp = metaplica; mr1, mr2 = metaplical ridges; ms = metaplical shelf; pn = post-torsal narrowing; pp = proplica; ppl = proplical lobe; ps = proximal solenomeral spine; pts = post-torsal spine; rhp = rhomboidal plate; slm = solenomere; tlh = hook-shaped telomeral process; tll = telomeral lobe; tlt = telomeral teeth; tt = torsotope. Scale bars: A = 0.01 mm; B–C, E–H = 0.2 mm; D = 0.1 mm; I = 0.02 mm; J = 0.5 mm.

Fig. 1 in A mountain of millipedes VI. New records, new species, a new genus and a general discussion of Odontopygidae from the Udzungwa Mts, Tanzania (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Odontopygidae)

Fig. 1. Map of the Udzungwa Mts, showing the collecting sites for the treated species. Blue cross = Damacornu transversum gen. et sp. nov.; red diamonds = Geotypodon papei sp. nov.; yellow triangle = Helicochetus dimidiatus (Peters, 1855); purple dots = H. mutaba Kraus, 1960; orange oval = Hoffmanides dissutus (Hoffman, 1963) (approximate location); green triangle = Spinotarsus fortehamatus sp. nov. Based on Marshall et al. (2010: fig. 1).

Fig. 8 in A mountain of millipedes VI. New records, new species, a new genus and a general discussion of Odontopygidae from the Udzungwa Mts, Tanzania (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Odontopygidae)

Fig. 8. Hoffmanides dissutus (Hoffman, 1963), ♂, from Udzungwa Mts National Park. A–B. Telson. A. Lateral view. B. Posterior view. C. Limbus. D. Gonopod coxa, anterior view. E. Gonopod telopodite, posterior-mesal view. Abbreviations: ssb = spine-like side branch of solenomere, nested in cavity of telomere; stu = middle setiferous tubercle on "ravelin"; tm = tip of telomere. Scale bars: A–B, D = 0.2 mm; C = 0.001 mm; E = 0.1 mm.