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91 results for “Valvatida”
FIGURE 5 in A new species of crown-of-thorns sea star, Acanthaster benziei sp. nov. (Valvatida Acanthasteridae), from the Red Sea
FIGURE 5. Typical colouration of Acanthaster benziei sp. nov. (A) GW4081 (Paratype, hiding during the day under a crevice), Al-Lith, Saudi Arabia, (photo credit: Oliver Voigt), (B–D) Thuwal Reefs, Saudi Arabia (photo credit: Gert Wörheide). Approximate diameter of specimens is 25–30 cm.
FIGURE 4 in A new species of crown-of-thorns sea star, Acanthaster benziei sp. nov. (Valvatida Acanthasteridae), from the Red Sea
FIGURE 4. Acanthaster benziei sp. nov. (holotype GW4202) (A-B) Aboral spines, (C-F) oral spines and (G-H) pedicellariae of four adult specimens of Acanthaster benziei sp. nov.: (A) Primary spines, (B) Secondary spines, (C) Latero-oral spines, (D) Circumoral spines, (E) Oral spines, (F) Subambulacral spines, (G) Aboral pedicellariae, (H) Oral pedicellariae.
FIGURE 2 in A new species of crown-of-thorns sea star, Acanthaster benziei sp. nov. (Valvatida Acanthasteridae), from the Red Sea
FIGURE 2. Ethanol-preserved specimens of the type series. GW4202 (A) is the holotype, all the others (B–D) are paratypes. Note that individual GW4266 is a juvenile specimen. Size of labels 6 × 2 cm.
FIGURE 1 in A new species of crown-of-thorns sea star, Acanthaster benziei sp. nov. (Valvatida Acanthasteridae), from the Red Sea
FIGURE 1. Illustrations of pedicellariae and spines (A–C). A: Subambulacral spines, top: bundle with two equally long spines each, bottom: bundle with four unequal long spines; B: Aboral pedicellariae with two valves; C: Close up of part of one arm of paratype GW4081, showing three different spine types indicated by arrows: latero-oral spines (dark blue), oral spines (yellow), subambulacral spines (turquoise). The actinal pedicellariae (red) are associated with the first row of oral spines.
FIGURE 3. A in A new species of crown-of-thorns sea star, Acanthaster benziei sp. nov. (Valvatida Acanthasteridae), from the Red Sea
FIGURE 3. A: Indo-Pacific 'Acanthaster planci' species complex, COI ML tree based on the haplotype alignment of Vogler et al. (2008), supplemented with five samples from Israel (see text for details) extracted from full mitochondrial genome sequences from Yuasa et al. (2021) and four sequences of the type series of Acanthaster benziei sp. nov. (GW4xxx, highlighted in bold). The tree was rooted with Acanthaster brevispinus (accession number AB231476), showing the deep divergence among, and little diversity within, species/geographic clades. ML bootstrap values are above branches, bootstrap values of the NJ clustering of haplotypes below branches. B: Geographic distribution of COI-barcoded clades and of type localities of names (Figure 1 from Haszprunar et al. 2017): red—Red Sea (RS) species; blue—Southern Indian Ocean (SIO) species (A. mauritiensis); yellow—Northern Indian Ocean (NIO) species (A. planci); green—Pacific Ocean (PO) species (A. cf. solaris). Location of type localities of nominal Acanthaster species: asterisk—A. planci; cross—A. echinites; triangle—A. solaris, square—A. mauritiensis; circle—A. ellisii pseudoplanci; "?" - the type locality of A. ellisii was not specified: in South American waters of the East Pacific.
FIGURE 20. Paralophaster ferax n in New Genera, Species, and observations on the biology of Antarctic Valvatida (Asteroidea)
FIGURE 20. Paralophaster ferax n. sp. Holotype USNM 1675790, A. Abactinal surface. B. Closeup on abactinal paxillae. C. Actinal surface. D. Brooded juveniles within coelomic cavity (abactinal surface cutaway). E. Closeup of brooded juvenile. F. Closeup of adambulacral furrow showing furrow and subambulacral spination, adambulacral plates.
FIGURE 13. Odontaster meridionalis USNM 1083015. A. Abactinal surface. B in New Genera, Species, and observations on the biology of Antarctic Valvatida (Asteroidea)
FIGURE 13. Odontaster meridionalis USNM 1083015. A. Abactinal surface. B. Closeup of abactinal paxillae. C. Actinal surface. C.1. Hyaline spines around mouth. D. Actinal interradial, inferomarginal surface and furrow spination. E. Closeup of furrow spination.
FIGURE 10. Notioceramus abyssalis n in New Genera, Species, and observations on the biology of Antarctic Valvatida (Asteroidea)
FIGURE 10. Notioceramus abyssalis n. sp. USNM 1081973. Holotype. A. Abactinal surface. A.1. Madreporite. B. Closeup showing granules. C. Abactinal-lateral view showing marginal plates and granular cover. D. Oral view closeup showing mouth, general details. E. Actinal view. F. Closeup of actinal intermediate surface.
FIGURE 9. Tremaster mirabilis. USNM E46295 A. USNM E46295 Abactinal surface. B. USNM E46295, Abactinal surfacelateral view. C. USNM E46295 in New Genera, Species, and observations on the biology of Antarctic Valvatida (Asteroidea)
FIGURE 9. Tremaster mirabilis. USNM E46295 A. USNM E46295 Abactinal surface. B. USNM E46295, Abactinal surfacelateral view. C. USNM E46295, Closeup of actinal surface. D. USNM 1116295, view of disk dissected, surface removed showing interradial chambers. E. Tremaster mirabilis, X-ray of MNHN IE-2006-806 (Kerguelen Island). F. Tremaster mirabilis, USNM E37444, Cutaway view of near-oral surface showing interradial chambers which open to openings on interradial actinal surface.
FIGURE 17. Lophaster stellans USNM 1662078. A in New Genera, Species, and observations on the biology of Antarctic Valvatida (Asteroidea)
FIGURE 17. Lophaster stellans USNM 1662078. A. Abactinal surface, inset showing closeup of paxillae and reticulate skeleton. B. Closeup of paxillae showing points on each spinelet. C. Actinal surface. D. Abactinal and marginal paxillae. E. Closeup of tube foot furrow showing furrow spination. F. Closeup of oral region.
FIGURE 7. Kampylaster claireae n in New Genera, Species, and observations on the biology of Antarctic Valvatida (Asteroidea)
FIGURE 7. Kampylaster claireae n. sp. USNM 1660653 Holotype. A. Abactinal surface. B. Denuded abactinal and marginal plates. C. Inferomarginal and actinal spines. D. Actinal surface. E. Close-up showing actinal surface and furrow spines.
FIGURE 6. Kampylaster incurvatus USNM 1183749 showing brooded juveniles. A. Abactinal surface. B in New Genera, Species, and observations on the biology of Antarctic Valvatida (Asteroidea)
FIGURE 6. Kampylaster incurvatus USNM 1183749 showing brooded juveniles. A. Abactinal surface. B. Close up of abactinal surface showing granules. C. Actinal surface showing brooded three juveniles. D–E. Abactinal and Actinal view, brooded juvenile. F. Armtip showing denuded abactinal and marginal plates. G. Armtip showing abactinal and marginal plates with full granular cover.
FIGURE 12. Acodontaster hodgsoni USNM 1082873. A in New Genera, Species, and observations on the biology of Antarctic Valvatida (Asteroidea)
FIGURE 12. Acodontaster hodgsoni USNM 1082873. A. Abactinal surface. Inset shows granule cover on abactinal plates. B. Close up of abactinal and marginal plate surface. C. Actinal surface. D. Closeup of abactinal and marginal plates cleared of granules. E. Closeup of actinal surface showing granule covered surface furrow spines. F. Recurved hyaline spines around mouth. G. Actinal surface showing cleared plates and furrow spination.
FIGURE 2. Astrotholus infernalis n. gen. n in New Genera, Species, and observations on the biology of Antarctic Valvatida (Asteroidea)
FIGURE 2. Astrotholus infernalis n. gen. n. sp. USNM 1122403. A. Abactinal surface. B. Close view of abactinal, superomarginal and inferomarginal plates, covered by spinelets. C. Abactinal and superomarginal plates denuded. D. Oral view close view. E. Oral surface. F. Furrow and adambulacral spination.
FIGURE 19. Paralophaster densus nov. comb. Holotype USNM E10102 in New Genera, Species, and observations on the biology of Antarctic Valvatida (Asteroidea)
FIGURE 19. Paralophaster densus nov. comb. Holotype USNM E10102, string with label left on specimen during photography. A. Abactinal surface. B. Closeup of abactinal and marginal paxillae. C. Actinal surface. D. Closeup of marginal paxillae. E. Closeup of tube foot groove and adambulacral/furrow spines.
FIGURE 1 in New Genera, Species, and observations on the biology of Antarctic Valvatida (Asteroidea)
FIGURE 1. Astrotholus antarcticus (Fisher 1940) CASIZ 175766. A. Abactinal. B. Closeup of abactinal surface showing plates and granules. C. USNM 1573471, Distal armtip abactinal-lateral view showing superomarginal plates. D. Oral view, close showing oral plates/spines, furrow spines, accessories. E. Oral view showing general morphology. Astrotholus antarcticus (Fisher, 1940). F. Actinal-lateral view showing actinal plates, spinelets, inferomarginal plates.
FIGURE 11. Notioceramus neillae n in New Genera, Species, and observations on the biology of Antarctic Valvatida (Asteroidea)
FIGURE 11. Notioceramus neillae n. sp. USNM 1018751 Holotype. A. Abactinal surface. A.1. Madreporite. B. Closeup of denuded arm plates and bald spots on superomarginal plates. C. Lateral view showing interradial superomarginal and inferomarginal plates. D. Abactinal and lateral view of superomarginal plates showing bald spots on plate surface. E. Actinal surface. F. Close up of actinal intermediate surface and furrow spines.
FIGURE 18. Paralophaster antarcticus USNM E53506. A. Abactinal surface. B in New Genera, Species, and observations on the biology of Antarctic Valvatida (Asteroidea)
FIGURE 18. Paralophaster antarcticus USNM E53506. A. Abactinal surface. B. Closeup of abactinal paxillae. C. Actinal surface. D. Closeup of abactinal and marginal paxillae. E. Closeup of oral and furrow spine region. F. Closeup of furrow spination.
FIGURE 5. Astrotholus phasma n in New Genera, Species, and observations on the biology of Antarctic Valvatida (Asteroidea)
FIGURE 5. Astrotholus phasma n. sp. USNM 1662096 Holotype. A. Abactinal surface. B. Side view showing surface texture, plates and other details. C. Abactinal plates cleared showing plate shapes, transition with spined plates. D. Actinal view, actinal plates cleaned, furrow and adjacent spination. E. Close up lateral view of cleaned abactinal and marginal plates near armtip. F. Further view of actinal surface, mouth and oral region. Inset: brooded eggs/embryos (each about 1.0 mm across).
FIGURE 3. Astrotholus mei n. gen. n in New Genera, Species, and observations on the biology of Antarctic Valvatida (Asteroidea)
FIGURE 3. Astrotholus mei n. gen. n. sp. USNM 1662082 Holotype. A. Abactinal surface. B. Close up of abactinal granules. C. Oral surface. D. Oral surface showing mouth, actinal and furrow spines. E. Lateral view showing abactinal granules, superomarginal and inferomarginal plates. F. Close-up of furrow and actinal spines.
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