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Fig. 7 in An early Late Triassic long-necked reptile with a bony pectoral shield and gracile appendages

Fig. 7. Curled skeleton ZPAL AbIII/2512, holotype of long-necked reptile Ozimek volans gen. et sp. nov. from Krasiejów, lower Upper Triassic, preserved in a limestone concretion. A. Neck and pectoral girdle in ventral (A1) and oblique right lateral (A2, A3) views. B. Pectoral girdle in anterior view. C. Thoracic vertebrae, ilium, and long bones of the hind leg. D. Dorsal vertebrae, coracoid, and long bones of the front leg. E. Humeri, scapula, ilium. Photographs of specimens coated with ammonium chloride (A3, C2, E2).

Fig. 3 in An early Late Triassic long-necked reptile with a bony pectoral shield and gracile appendages

Fig. 3. Incomplete articulated skeleton ZPAL AbIII/2012 of long-necked reptile Ozimek volans gen. et sp. nov. from Krasiejów, lower Upper Triassic, preserved at a local sedimentary discontinuity surface between grey claystone and red fine-grained mudstone. View of the block from below (A) and above (B), showing location of the crushed skull; enlarged skull (C); part of the thorax (D), preserved in vertical orientation. Photographs of specimen whitened with ammonia chloride (A2–D2). See also explanatory drawing (Fig. 2).

Fig. 1 in An early Late Triassic long-necked reptile with a bony pectoral shield and gracile appendages

Fig. 1. Krasiejów claypit yielding Ozimek volans gen. et sp. nov. A. Photograph of the quarry wall with exposed fossiliferous lacustrine horizon. B. Rock column of strata of lower Upper Triassic exposed at Krasiejów and position of the lacustrine bed (modified after Dzik et al. 2000). C. Diagrammatic representation of the NW corner of the quarry with location of the lacustrine bed indicated (modified after Dzik 2003).

Fig. 13 in An early Late Triassic long-necked reptile with a bony pectoral shield and gracile appendages

Fig. 13. Restoration of the skeleton of long-necked reptile Ozimek volans gen. et sp. nov. in a gliding pose; left lateral (A) and ventral (B) views.

Fig. 2 in An early Late Triassic long-necked reptile with a bony pectoral shield and gracile appendages

Fig. 2. Camera lucida drawings of ZPAL AbIII/2012, incomplete articulated skeleton of long-necked reptile Ozimek volans gen. et sp. nov. (see photographs Fig. 3). Neck with skull (A), skull (B), and torax (C).

Fig. 8 in An early Late Triassic long-necked reptile with a bony pectoral shield and gracile appendages

Fig. 8. Tomographic three-dimensional representations of the skull bones of ZPAL AbIII/3191 long-necked reptile Ozimek volans gen. et sp. nov. in their proposed original arrangement (A–E) and restorations of the skull (F–H); in lateral (A, F), dorsal (B, G), palatal (C, H), posterior (D), and anterior (E) views. F–H not to scale.

Fig. 6 in An early Late Triassic long-necked reptile with a bony pectoral shield and gracile appendages

Fig. 6. Partially articulated skeleton ZPAL AbIII/2511 of long-necked reptile Ozimek volans gen. et sp. nov. from Krasiejów, lower Upper Triassic, preserved in claystone (see Fig. 4 for camera lucida interpretive drawings). A. Proximal part of the neck and anterior part of the thorax. B. Disarticulated long bones and part of thorax (probably from above). Photograph of specimen coated with ammonium chloride (A2).

Fig. 10 in An early Late Triassic long-necked reptile with a bony pectoral shield and gracile appendages

Fig. 10. Restoration of postcervical vertebrae of long-necked reptile Ozimek volans gen. et sp. nov. Dorsal 1 with ribs (A), dorsals 2–16 (B–N), based on ZPAL AbIII/2511, /2512, /3191. Sacrals 1–3 (O–Q), based on ZPAL AbIII/2511. Caudals 1, 2, 4 (R–T), caudal 6 with chevron (U), based on ZPAL AbIII/2512. In anterior (A1–D1, P2, Q2), left lateral (A2–D2, E1–T1), and dorsal (A3–D3, E2–N2, P3–R3), posterior (O2, P2, R2, S2, T2, U1), and ventral (O3, R4, S3, T3, U2) views.

Fig. 5 in Aysheaia prolata from the Utah Wheeler Formation (Drumian, Cambrian) is a frontal appendage of the radiodontan Stanleycaris

Fig. 5. Radiodontan euarthropod Stanleycaris hirpex Caron, Gaines, Mángano, Streng, and Daley, 2010 from the Stephen Formation (Cambrian Series 3, Stage 5), British Columbia, Canada. A. ROM 59975 (paratype). B. ROM 59976 (paratype). Abbreviation: Pn, podomere n.

Fig. 4. Lobopodian Aysheaia pedunculata Walcott, 1911, USNM 365608 in Aysheaia prolata from the Utah Wheeler Formation (Drumian, Cambrian) is a frontal appendage of the radiodontan Stanleycaris

Fig. 4. Lobopodian Aysheaia pedunculata Walcott, 1911, USNM 365608 from the Stephen Formation (Cambrian Series 3, Stage 5), British Columbia, Canada; in cross-polarized light (A), cross-polarized light, red and yellow channels reduced (B).

Fig. 3 in Aysheaia prolata from the Utah Wheeler Formation (Drumian, Cambrian) is a frontal appendage of the radiodontan Stanleycaris

Fig. 3. Comparison between terminal spines and vetral blades of Stanleycaris and oral papillae and lobopodous limbs of Aysheaia. A. Stanleycaris sp., KUMIP 153923 from the Wheeler Formation (Cambrian Series 3, Drumian), Utah, USA; anterior end showing recurved terminal spines (A1), ventral blade (A2). B. Aysheaia pedunculata Walcott, 1911, USNM 189199 from the Stephen Formation (Cambrian Series 3, Stage 5), British Columbia, Canada; anterior end showing anterior appendages and oral papillae. C, D. Stanleycaris hirpex Caron, Gaines, Mángano, Streng, and Daley, 2010 from the Stephen Formation (Cambrian Series 3, Stage 5), British Columbia, Canada. C. ROM 59975 (paratype), ventral blade. D. USNM 83942, trunk section and lobopods. Abbreviation: Pn, podomere n.

Fig. 1. A in Aysheaia prolata from the Utah Wheeler Formation (Drumian, Cambrian) is a frontal appendage of the radiodontan Stanleycaris

Fig. 1. A. Radiodontan euarthropod Stanleycaris sp., KUMIP 153923 from the Wheeler Formation (Cambrian Series 3, Drumian), Utah, USA; non-polarized light (A1), cross-polarized light, red and yellow channels reduced (A2), cross polarized light (A3), cross-polarized light, red and yellow channels enhanced (A4). B. Stanleycaris hirpex Caron, Gaines, Mángano, Streng, and Daley, 2010, ROM 59944 (holotype) from the Stephen Formation (Cambrian Series 3, Stage 5), British Columbia, Canada; cross-polarized light (B1), black and white (B2). dorsal spines the anterior end, as also observed in in Stanleycaris hirpex (compare Fig. 3A2 and 3C). The ventral blades lack compaction wrinkles often preserved on limbs of A. pedunculata P1 P7 P11 P4 (Figs. 3D, 4; Ma et al. 2014: fig. 5B). The terminal spines at the anterior end of the specimen are short, recurved, and terminal P1 spines have a sharp termination. This morphology is similar to that of the spines in S. hirpex, and quite unlike the straight and sediment less robust oral papillae of A. pedunculata (compare Fig. 3A1 layer auxiliary spines and 3B). It should be noted that Robison (1985) studied the 5 mm ventral blades specimen before the extent of radiodontan frontal appendage Fig. 2. Explanatory drawing of radiodontan euarthropod Stanleycaris morphological diversity was known (e.g., Daley and Budd sp., KUMIP 153923 from the Wheeler Formation (Cambrian Series 3, 2010; Caron et al. 2010), and so lacked the appropriate con- Drumian), Utah, USA. Hachure direction indicates lower sediment level. text for correctly interpreting KUMIP 153923. Dotted lines indicate expected path of incomplete ventral blades.

Fig. 5 in Soft anatomy of the Early Cambrian arthropod Isoxys curvirostratus from the Chengjiang biota of South China with a discussion on the origination of great appendages

Fig. 5. An early arthropod reconstruction of Isoxys curvirostratus (Vannier and Chen, 2000). The animal was covered by the carapace. The trunk length, which consists of 14 somites varies from 2 to 3 cm in adults. Large stalked eyes and a pair of uniramous prehensile appendages (5 podomeres) bearing stout inner outgrowths protruded anteriorly. The following appendages are biramous and uniform—i.e., a slender endopod with many podomeres and an exopod fringed with many long lamellae.

Fig. 4 in Soft anatomy of the Early Cambrian arthropod Isoxys curvirostratus from the Chengjiang biota of South China with a discussion on the origination of great appendages

Fig. 4. An early arthropod Isoxys curvirostratus (Vannier and Chen, 2000) from the Lower Cambrian Chengjiang biota, South China. A. JS0008 from Jianshan section; A1, posterior part of an incomplete specimen showing the frontal appendage, exopod, endopod; A2, detailed view of the frontal appendage, showing five podomeres and tooth−like outgrowths; A3, detailed view of exopod and endopod, showing the gill lamellae of exopod and the podomeres of endopod; A4, detailed view of endopod, showing its podomeres. B. EJ0404 from Erjie section; B1, showing the location of the eye stalk, trunk, proximal part of appendages and the outline of endopod; B2, camera−lucida drawing of B1. Abbreviations: as, anterior spine; en, endopod; es, eye stalk; ex, exopod; f1–5, podomeres of the frontal appendage from the distal to proximal; fa, frontal appendage; gl, gill lamellae of exopod; lv, left valve; p1–5, podomeres of endopod from the distal to proximal; pr, proximal part of appendage; rv, right valve; st, striated ornament; ta, trunk appendage; ti, trunk inclusion; 1–7, numbered trunk appendage.

Fig. 3 in Soft anatomy of the Early Cambrian arthropod Isoxys curvirostratus from the Chengjiang biota of South China with a discussion on the origination of great appendages

Fig. 3. An early arthropod Isoxys curvirostratus (Vannier and Chen, 2000) from the Lower Cambrian Chengjiang biota, South China. A. JS0014 from Jianshan section; A1, specimen showing the striated ornament of the carapace, eye, frontal appendages, exopod and trace of the trunk; A2, detailed view of eye sphere, showing two individual layers, the light external cornea and the dark internal core; A3, camera−lucida drawing of A1; A4, detailed view of frontal appendages, showing the intersegmental membranes, five podomeres and tooth−like outgrowths; A5, the counterpart of JS0014, showing the posterior part of specimen. B. EJ0417 from Erjie section, dorsal view showing the single shield carapace and unsplit base of anterior or posterior spines. Abbreviations: as, anterior spine; co, cornea; ex, exopod; f1–5, podomeres of the frontal appendage from the distal to proximal; fa, frontal appendage; ou, tooth−like outgrowth of the frontal appendage; ps, posterior spine; ru, retinular units; st, striated ornament.

Fig. 1 in Soft anatomy of the Early Cambrian arthropod Isoxys curvirostratus from the Chengjiang biota of South China with a discussion on the origination of great appendages

Fig. 1. An early arthropod Isoxys curvirostratus (Vannier and Chen, 2000) from the Lower Cambrian Chengjiang biota, South China. A. JS0010 from Jianshan section; A1, showing the outline and the striated ornament of the carapace; A2, detailed view of exopod, showing the gill lamellae; A3, camera−lucida drawing of A1; A4, detailed view of vascular integumental network. B. JS172 from Jianshan section; B1, detailed view of exopod, showing the gill lamellae; B2, showing the striated ornament on the posterior of the carapace and exopod. Abbreviations: as, anterior spine; ex, exopod; fa, frontal appendage; ps, posterior spine; rv, right valve; st, striated ornament; ta, trunk appendage; vn, vascular integumental network.

Fig. 2 in Soft anatomy of the Early Cambrian arthropod Isoxys curvirostratus from the Chengjiang biota of South China with a discussion on the origination of great appendages

Fig. 2. An early arthropod Isoxys curvirostratus (Vannier and Chen, 2000) from the Lower Cambrian Chengjiang biota, South China from Erjie section (A–C, E) and from Jianshan section (D). A. EJ0423; A1, complete specimen showing the outline of carapace, lamellae of the exopod; A2, camera−lucida drawing of A1. B. EJ0424, showing the eye spheres, frontal appendage, trunk and the traces of trunk appendages. C. EJ0422, immature specimen showing 14 trunk somites. D. JS154; D1, showing eye spheres, the number of the trunk somites and location of appendages; D2, camera−lucida drawing of D1. E. EJ0407; E1, showing the eye sphere and stalk, appendages in relief and the trunk; E2, camera−lucida drawing of E1. Abbreviations: es, eye stalk; ex, exopod; fa, frontal appendage; gl, gill lamellae of exopod; le, lateral eye; pr, proximal part of appendage; ps, posterior spine; te, telson; ti, trunk inclusion; 1–14, numbered trunk appendage.

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Fig.1 in A spinose appendage fragment of a problematic arthropod from the Early Ordovician of Morocco

Fig.1. Several types of spinose arthropod appendages discussed in the text. A. Spiculate first appendage of the anomalocaridid Anomalocaris briggsi, Early Cambrian, Australia (redrawn from Nedin 1995). B. Pectinate first appendage of the anomalocaridid Laggania cambria, Middle Cambrian, Canada (redrawn from Dzik and Lendzion 1988). C. Third prosomal appendage of the megalograptid eurypterid Megalograptus ohioensis, Late Ordovician, USA (reproduced from Caster and Kjellesvig−Waering 1964). D. Third prosomal appendage of the mixopterid eurypterid Mixopterus kiaeri, Early Devonian, Norway (redrawn from Størmer 1934). E. Third prosomal appendage of the laurieipterid eurypterid Ctenopterus cestrotus, Late Silurian, USA (redrawn from Clarke and Ruedemann 1912). F. Chelicera of the pterygotid eurypterid Erettopterus osiliensis, Late Silurian, Estonia and USA (observations of O.E.T.). G. Angustidontus weihmannae, Late Devonian, Canada (drawing based on photograph in Copeland and Bolton 1960). H. Cheliped of the decapod malacostracan Thaumastocheles zaleucus, Recent, Caribbean region (redrawn from Tshudy and Sorhannus 2000). Scale bars 10 mm.

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Fig. 4 in A large xenusiid lobopod with complex appendages from the Lower Cambrian Chengjiang Lagerstätte

Fig. 4. Camera lucida explanatory drawings of the specimens of Jianshanopodia decora gen. et sp. nov. from Fig. 3. A. ELI−J0005A; A1, enlargement of tubercles of one of the appendages (see Fig. 3A3); A2, different branches of the appendages (see Fig. 3A4); A3, the lamellate branches (see Fig. 3A5). B. ELI−J0007A, the tree−like branches of the holotype (see Fig. 3B1).