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505 results for “apples”
Identifying diagnostic genetic markers for a cryptic invasive agricultural pest: a test case using the apple maggot fly, Rhagoletis pomonella (Diptera: Tephritidae)
Insect pests destroy ~15% of all USA crops, resulting in losses of $15 billion annually. Thus, developing cheap, quick and reliable methods for detecting harmful species is critical to curtail insect damage and lessen economic impact. The apple maggot fly, Rhagoletis pomonella (Diptera: Tephritidae), is a major invasive pest threatening the multibillion-dollar apple industry in the Pacific Northwest USA. The fly is also sympatric with a benign but morphologically similar and genetically closely related species, R. zephyria, which attacks non-commercial snowberry. Unambiguous species identification is essential due to a zero-infestation policy of apple maggot for fruit export. Mistaking R. zephyria for R. pomonella triggers unnecessary and costly quarantines, diverting valuable control resources. Here we develop and apply a relatively simple and cost-effective diagnostic approach using Illumina sequencing of double digest restriction-site associated DNA markers. We identified five informative single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and designed a diagnostic test based on agarose gel electrophoresis of restriction enzyme digested polymerase chain reaction amplification products (RFLPs) to distinguish fly species. We demonstrated the utility of this approach for immediate, one day species identification by scoring apple- and snowberry-infesting flies of known host plant identity, reared directly from 11 sites throughout Washington. However, if immediate diagnosis is not required, or hundreds to thousands of specimens must be assessed, then a direct Illumina-based sequencing strategy, similar to that used here for diagnostic SNP identification can be powerful and cost-effective. The genomic strategy we present is effective for R. pomonella and also transferable to many cryptic pests.
Predatory arthropod community composition in apple orchards: Orchard management, landscape structure and sampling method
<p>Studies on predatory arthropods in agricultural areas seldom include Diptera other than hover flies, partly because common sampling methods are less effective for capturing species that easily fly off when disturbed. To study the effect from this bias when describing the predator community, we compared traditional beat sampling of branches and suction sampling for describing the community of predatory arthropods in Swedish apple orchards, both organic orchards and orchards using integrated pest management. Our results indicate that the proportion of both predatory dipterans and parasitic hymenopterans increase dramatically when using suction sampling (Diptera: 32% vs 20%, Hymenoptera: 25% vs 7%). In fact, predatory dipterans were the most abundant predatory group when using suction sampling, in contrast to beat sampling where spiders were the most abundant group. One group of predatory flies that was particularly rich in both species and individuals in the surveyed apple orchards was dance flies in the family Hybotidae. Even though the bias of sampling method was evident, it was encouraging that the method choice did not affect the conclusions concerning management on predatory arthropod communities. With both methods, dipteran and coleopteran predators were more abundant in organic apple orchards whereas opilionids were more abundant in orchards managed according to integrated pest management. The inclusion of landscape variables further indicated effects of landscape diversity and of deciduous forest cover, but the response varied in sign between predatory groups. Whereas both Coleoptera and Heteroptera were more abundant in orchards surrounded by more complex landscapes (high landscape diversity and/or high deciduous forest cover), spiders, opilionids and dipterans were rather less abundant in these orchards. To conclude, our study points to the potential importance of predatory dipterans in apple orchards, and we highly recommend future studies of arthropod predators in apple and other crops to actively include predatory Diptera.</p>
Data from: Pollination treatment affects fruit set and modifies marketable and storable fruit quality of commercial apples
Insect-mediated pollination increases yields of many crop species and some evidence suggests that it also influences crop quality. However, the mechanistic linkages between insect-mediated pollination and crop quality are poorly known. In this study, we explored how different pollination treatments affected fruit set, dry matter content (DMC), mineral content and storability of apples. Apple flowers supplementary pollinated with compatible pollen resulted in higher initial fruit set rates, higher fruit DMC and a tendency for lower fruit K:Ca ratio than flowers that received natural or no pollination. These variables are related to desirable quality aspects, since higher DMC is connected to higher consumer preference and lower K:Ca ratio is related to lower incidence of postharvest disorders during storage. Using structural equation modelling, we showed an indirect effect of pollination treatment on storability, however mediated by complex interactions between fruit set, fruit weight and K:Ca ratio. The concentrations of several elements in apples (K, Zn, Mg) were affected by the interaction between pollination treatment and apple weight, indicating that pollination affects element allocation into fruits. In conclusion, our study shows that pollination and the availability of compatible pollen needs to be considered in the management of orchard systems, not only to increase fruit set, but also to increase the quality and potentially the storability of apples.
Increasing agricultural habitat reduces solitary bee offspring number and weight in apple orchards through reduced floral diet diversity and increased fungicide risk
<p>1. Threats to bee pollinators such as land use change, high pesticide risk, and reduced floral diet diversity are usually assessed independently, even though they often co-occur to impact bees in agroecosystems.</p> <p>2. We established populations of the non-native mason bee O. cornifrons at 17 NY apple orchards varying in proportion of surrounding agriculture and measured floral diet diversity and pesticide risk levels in the pollen provisions they produced. We used path analysis to test the direct and indirect effects of different habitats, diet diversity, and pesticide risk on emergent female offspring number and weight.</p> <p>3. Our results showed that high proportions of agricultural habitat surrounding bee nests indirectly reduced the number of female offspring produced, by reducing floral diet diversity in pollen.</p> <p>4. When proportion agriculture surrounding bee nests was high, bees collected increased proportions of Rosaceae in their pollen provisions, which marginally (0.05<p<0.1) increased fungicide risk levels in pollen, which, in turn, marginally reduced female offspring weight. In contrast, female offspring weight increased as proportion surrounding open habitat (wildflowers, grassland, pasture) increased, but this effect was not influenced by proportion Rosaceae or fungicide risk levels in pollen.</p> <p>5. Synthesis and Applications: To promote healthy O. cornifrons populations in apple, we must maintain floral resource diversity and open habitats, while reducing fungicide risk levels and agricultural habitats. More broadly, our results show that land use change, in the form of increasing agricultural habitat, can negatively impact bee populations in agroecosystems indirectly through multiple, simultaneous threats. We must strive to understand these complex interactions between simultaneous threats to maintain healthy bee populations in agroecosystems, where we rely on them for pollination.</p>
First Methodist of Pasadena -- Apple LiDAR
Captured the back entrance to the First United Methodist Church of Pasadena, located in downtown Pasadena on Colorado Blvd. This scan was created with the Polycam LiDAR scanning app, and processed on device in about 45 seconds. The only postprocessing involved was a singe 3D crop, which was also processed on device. Learn more at https://polycam.ai/ Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Apple Power CD Remote Controller
Apple PowerCD is a CD player sold by Apple Computer in 1993 and discontinued several years later. It was a re-badged Philips-designed product (Philips CDF-100) which was sold in addition to Apple's speakers and also included a remote control. The PowerCD was capable of reading Kodak photo CDs, data CDs and audio CDs. It can connect to Macintosh personal computers through SCSI and also to stereo systems and televisions. Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PowerCD Structured light scan Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
"Green Apples" by Herb Mignery
"Green Apples" is a bronze sculpture located in the Mignery Sculpture Garden in Bartlett, Nebraska, home to one of the largest displays of bronze statues in the country. This piece is by acclaimed sculptor Herb Mignery, a Bartlett native. He is a member of the Cowboy Artists of America, the National Sculptor's Guild and the National Sculpture Society of America. His works are in private and public collections across the country. To learn more about Herb Mignery and his work, watch this story "[Herb Mignery, Cowboy Artist](https://nebraskastories.org/videos/herb-mignery-cowboy-artist/)" at NebraskaStories.org Retopo in Zbrush. Texture paint in 3D Coat. Texture bake in 3D Coat. Produced by Michele Wolford; Models created by David Koehn; Photography by David Koehn & Tyler Kersting; Sound Sweetening: Werner Althaus; Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Large Apple Sculture Sense Scanner
6LB Foam that I hand shaped, hardcoated, painted for home. Nothing more classic than a red delicious apple. Sits on top of a great book, added fruits. Once I learn Photoscan I'll snap some photos and see what happens. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Venus with the apple of Paris
**Small sculpture "Venus with the apple of Paris", porcelain, around 1889** Venus stands on a sea foam comb and holds in her hand the apple that Paris has presented to her (the judgment of Paris). At her feet lies Cupid, for she has promised Paris the happiness of love in the event of her choice - this is done in the feed of the beautiful Helen. Collection: Part of the sculpture collection at the city museum of Berlin, Germany. The collection consists of 3.000 objects of which a third are portrait busts of famous Berlin artists, scholars, politicians and rulers. Model: The model is based only on 48 photographs taken from one angle in order to test the platform and RealityCapture. This results in some irregularities at the top of the head. See the object in our database: https://sammlung-online.stadtmuseum.de/Details/Index/1486363 **CC-BY-Attribution: Stadtmuseum Berlin | Oliver Ziebe** Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Data sets to the paper "Weakening surface hydrogen to enhance permeation in hydrogen selective membranes", E. Billeter and A. Borgschulte, Appl. Surf. Sci. (2024)
<p>Datasets to empirical data displayed in Figs. 1(c), 2(b), 3(a), 4(b), 4(c)</p>
INTELLIMAN_WP2_Application Requirements and Integration_T2.4_Fresh food handling use case analysis, integration and validation_Apple 6D pose estimation dataset_v0
<p>The dataset contains the data generated for the training of the 6D pose estimation neural network<br>DOPE related to the publication:<br>M. Costanzo, M. De Simone, S. Federico, C. Natale and S. Pirozzi, "Enhanced 6D Pose Estimation for<br>Robotic Fruit Picking," 2023 9th International Conference on Control, Decision and Information<br>Technologies (CoDIT), Rome, Italy, 2023, pp. 901-906, doi: 10.1109/CoDIT58514.2023.10284072.</p>
FIGURE 1 in Phytoseiid Mite Diversity (Acari: Mesostigmata) And Assessment Of Their Spatial Distribution In French Apple Orchards
FIGURE 1: French regions sampled (with the number of orchards considered) and: a – proportions of dominant species in each region in regards to mite densities; b – proportions of dominant species in each region in regards to number of plots occupied.
Dataset for benchmarking Multiple Object Tracking and Segmentation (MOTS) in an apple orchard field.
<p>A dataset of temporally consistent apple images and labels taken using UAVs and a wearable sensor in an orchard, consisting of 86000 manually annotated apple instances and 1700 frames annotated in the MOTS (Multi-object Tracking and Segmentation) style.</p> <p>Sequence 0-5 are used for training. Sequence 6-8 are used for testing/validation. Sequence 10-12 are the testing datasets that have "ignore regions" overlays.</p> <p>The code used in the paper can be found on <a href="https://git.wur.nl/said-lab/rt-obj-tracking/">our GitLab.</a></p>
Genotyping-by-sequencing of Canada's Apple Biodiversity Collection
<p><span>Canada's Apple Biodiversity Collection (ABC) is one of the most diverse collections of apples in the world, which was designed to enable genetic mapping. The ABC is located at the Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC) Kentville Research and Development Centre in Nova Scotia, Canada. </span>In addition to phenotypic descriptions of the ABC, sequencing the accessions in the collection provides a valuable resource not only for researchers working on the collection, but for those studying apples more broadly. With this in mind, we report and make publicly available genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) data for over 1,000 apple accessions from the ABC. By<span> using three SNP callers and imputation, we were able to genotype 278,231 SNPs from 1,175 diverse apple accessions from the ABC.</span></p>
Disentangling the impact of event- and annual-scale precipitation extremes on critical-zone hydrology in semiarid loess: A case study in apple tree plantation
<p>The dataset is the basic data of the author's paper ' Disentangling the impact of event-and annual-scale precipitation extremes on critical-zone hydrology in semiarid loess - a case study in apple tree plantation '. The main content of this paper is to study the hydrological effect of extreme precipitation on the critical area of semi-arid loess. Taking apple plantation as an example, the data set includes the soil moisture and soil temperature data monitored in the field and the apple tree transpiration data. The measured data are used to calibrate and verify the model used in this paper. The water vapor flux, apple tree evapotranspiration and soil leakage data of the simulated soil profile are also included to analyze the hydrological effect of extreme precipitation on the critical area of loess.</p>
The occurrence data of wild apple in the Mountains of Central Asia Biodiversity Hotspot
<p><span>To obtain high-quality occurrence records for wild apple across its whole distribution range, we compiled data from field surveys, herbariums and the literature. The field surveys were conducted in all of the countries with wild apple distribution in Central Asia. Precisely, we had several exhaustive investigations of wild apple populations in Xinjiang, China from 2008 to 2021, including distribution range and abundance of wild apple across its whole elevational ranges in six counties. For herbarium data, we combined the records from Global Biodiversity Information Facility </span><span>and Chinese Virtual Herbarium</span><span>. Finally, we obtained 8344 occurrence records for wild apple. </span></p>
Accompanying dataset to ACS Appl. Nano Mater. 2022, 5, 4, 5508–5515 : Nanoscale Mapping of Light Emission in Nanospade-Based InGaAs Quantum Wells Integrated on Si(100): Implications for Dual Light-Emitting Devices
<p>Accompanying dataset containing the raw data and analysis contained in the main publication. This comprises the fitted CL-SEM dataset, the CL-STEM dataset, the CL-SEM presented in the SI and the STEM-EDX linescans.</p>
Claims State Aid cases: Apple and Ilva
<p>Datasets of the claims made by different actors during the politicisation of the Apple and Ilva state aid cases. </p> <div> </div>
Evidence of an additional center of apple domestication in Iran, with contributions from the Caucasian crab apple <i>Malus orientalis</I> Uglitzk. to the cultivated apple gene pool
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Divergence processes in crop-wild fruit tree complexes in pivotal regions for plant domestication such as the Caucasus and Iran remain little studied. We investigated anthropogenic and natural divergence processes in apples in these regionsusing 26 microsatellite markers amplified in 550 wild and cultivated samples. We found two genetically distinct cultivated populations in Iran that are differentiated from <em>Malus domestica</em>, the standard cultivated apple worldwide. Coalescent-based inferences showed that these two cultivated populations originated from specific domestication events of <em>Malus orientalis</em> in Iran. We found evidence of substantial wild-crop and crop-crop gene flow in the Caucasus and Iran, as has been described in apple in Europe. In addition, we identified seven genetically differentiated populations of wild apple (<em>M. orientalis</em>), not introgressed by the cultivated apple. Niche modeling combined with genetic diversity estimates indicated that these wild populations likely resulted from range changes during past glaciations. This study identifies Iran as a key region in the domestication of apple and <em>M. orientalis</em> as an additional contributor to the cultivated apple gene pool. Domestication of the apple tree therefore involved multiple origins of domestication in different geographic locations and substantial crop-wild hybridization, as found in other fruit trees. This study also highlights the impact of climate change on the natural divergence of a wild fruit tree and provides a starting point for apple conservation and breeding programs in the Caucasus and Iran.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Microsatellite genotyping data for <em>M. orientalis</em>, <em>M. sieversii</em> from Kazakhstan, <em>M. domestica</em> and <em>M. baccata</em> were from previously published studies, including: 207 <em>M. orientalis</em> individuals from Turkey, Armenia and Russia (23 sites, Tables S1 and S2, (Cornille et al., 2013; Cornille et al., 2012)), four apple cultivars from Armenia, 40 “pure” European cultivated <em>M. domestica</em> individuals (<em>i.e.</em>, not introgressed by <em>M. sylvestris</em>) (Tables S1 and S2, (Cornille et al., 2013, 2012)), 20 <em>M. sieversii</em> individuals from Kazakhstan (Cornille et al., 2013) and 22 <em>M. baccata</em> individuals from Russia (Cornille et al., 2012). We collected 257 new samples in 2017 in Iran and in 2018 in Kyrgyzstan (<em>M. sieversii</em>) for this study: 167 <em>M. orientalis</em> individuals from the Hyrcanian Forests and the Zagros region in Iran (Table S1), 48 local Iranian apple cultivars from the <em>Seed and Plant Improvement Institute</em> (Karaj, Iran) (Table S1) and 42 <em>M. sieversii</em> individuals from Kyrgyzstan. Note that for 18 of the 48 local Iranian samples, fruit size was measured (Table S1). Collections meet the requirements of the recently enacted Nagoya protocol on access to genetic resources and the fair and equitable sharing of benefits. Thus, a total of 550 individuals were analyzed, comprising 374 <em>M. orientalis</em>, 48 Iranian and four Armenian apple cultivars, 40 European apple cultivars belonging to <em>M. domestica, </em>62<em> M. sieversii </em>(from Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan) and 22<em> M. baccata</em> individuals (details are provided in Table S1).</p> <p>DNA from the new samples (<em>N </em>= 257) was extracted from dried leaves with the NucleoSpin plant II DNA extraction kit (Macherey & Nagel, Düren, Germanyâ) following the manufacturer’s instructions. Multiplex microsatellite PCR amplifications were performed with a multiplex PCR kit (Qiagen Inc.â) for 26 microsatellite markers as previously described (Cornille et al., 2012; Patocchi, Frei, Frey, & Kellerhals, 2009). Note that on each DNA plate, we included three controls, <em>i.e.,</em> one sample of <em>M. orientalis, </em>one of <em>M. sieversii</em> and one of <em>M. domestica</em> for which data were already available (Cornille et al., 2013). Genotypes of the controls were compared with the 2013 dataset. We retained only multilocus genotypes for which < 20 % of the data was missing. The suitability of these markers for population genetics analyses has been demonstrated in previous studies (Cornille et al., 2013; Cornille, Gladieux, & Giraud, 2013; Cornille et al., 2012). </p> <p>Software used</p> <p>-STRUCTURE <a href="https://web.stanford.edu/group/pritchardlab/structure.html">https://web.stanford.edu/group/pritchardlab/structure.html</a></p> <p>-ABCtoolbox: <a href="http://cmpg.unibe.ch/software/ABCtoolbox/">http://cmpg.unibe.ch/software/ABCtoolbox/</a></p> <p>-fastsimcoal2 <a href="http://cmpg.unibe.ch/software/fastsimcoal27/">http://cmpg.unibe.ch/software/fastsimcoal27/</a></p> <p>-Genepop: <a href="https://genepop.curtin.edu.au/">https://genepop.curtin.edu.au</a></p> <p>-R software</p>
Data for: Wild bee communities benefit from temporal complementarity of hedges and flower strips in apple orchards
<p><span>1. </span>Wild bees importantly pollinate both crop and wild plants. Yet, in <span>intensive agricultural landscapes, wild bees are rare due to resource limitations of nectar and pollen. Flower strips and hedges are often used as resource enhancements for wild bees to overcome this shortage, but provide floral resources only during specific time periods. To sustain diverse and stable bee communities, bee-attractive flowers need to be available during the entire growing season. This may be achieved by combining flower strips and hedges to complement each other and provide continuous floral resources. </span></p> <p><span>2. </span><span>Over three subsequent years, we compared the phenology of flower and wild bee communities in perennial flower strips, hedges and improved hedges (complemented with a sown herb layer) in conventional apple orchards in Southern Germany, a pollination-dependent crop-system. </span></p> <p><span>3. </span><span>Hedges provided floral resources in the early season while the flower strips took over later in the season. </span></p> <p><span>4. </span><span>Bees visited the hedges mostly from March to June, whereas they visited the flower strips from June to August (first year), and in the second year already from April onwards. Flower strips were visited with an overall higher abundance and species richness than the improved and not modified hedges. </span></p> <p><span>5. </span><span>Synthesis and application</span><span>: For enhancing wild bees in intensive apple orchards, hedges and perennial flower strips are complementary in providing flower resources. Yet, flower strips bloom more constantly and during periods of flower scarcity, and thus attract more bees than hedges. Perennial flower strips of different age classes should be preferred over annual strips, at best in a network with some well-maintained hedges, as perennial flower strips of different age attract different bee communities and thus potentially a higher bee diversity on the landscape level. </span></p>
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.