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1,409 results for “avian”
AI results complementing the Annual Report on surveillance for Avian Influenza in poultry and wild birds in Member States of the European Union - Latvia
<p>This dataset contains the results of the EU co-funded surveillance activities conducted in 2019, which consisted of:</p> <ul> <li>Serological surveys to monitor the circulation of AIV subtypes H5 and H7 in poultry (active surveillance). These surveys should preferentially target poultry species or production systems with increased risk for introduction of avian influenza (AI).</li> <li>Passive surveillance aiming at the virological detection of AI in wild birds found dead or moribund.</li> </ul>
AI results complementing the Annual Report on surveillance for Avian Influenza in poultry and wild birds in Member States of the European Union - Poland
<p>This dataset contains the results of the EU co-funded surveillance activities conducted in 2019, which consisted of:</p> <ul> <li>Serological surveys to monitor the circulation of AIV subtypes H5 and H7 in poultry (active surveillance). These surveys should preferentially target poultry species or production systems with increased risk for introduction of avian influenza (AI).</li> <li>Passive surveillance aiming at the virological detection of AI in wild birds found dead or moribund.</li> </ul>
AI results complementing the Annual Report on surveillance for Avian Influenza in poultry and wild birds in Member States of the European Union - Bulgaria
<p>This dataset contains the results of the EU co-funded surveillance activities conducted in 2019, which consisted of:</p> <ul> <li>Serological surveys to monitor the circulation of AIV subtypes H5 and H7 in poultry (active surveillance). These surveys should preferentially target poultry species or production systems with increased risk for introduction of avian influenza (AI).</li> <li>Passive surveillance aiming at the virological detection of AI in wild birds found dead or moribund.</li> </ul>
AI results complementing the Annual Report on surveillance for Avian Influenza in poultry and wild birds in Member States of the European Union - Cyprus
<p>This dataset contains the results of the EU co-funded surveillance activities conducted in 2019, which consisted of:</p> <ul> <li>Serological surveys to monitor the circulation of AIV subtypes H5 and H7 in poultry (active surveillance). These surveys should preferentially target poultry species or production systems with increased risk for introduction of avian influenza (AI).</li> <li>Passive surveillance aiming at the virological detection of AI in wild birds found dead or moribund.</li> </ul>
Annual Report on surveillance for Avian Influenza in poultry and wild birds in Member States of the European Union in 2019 - high quality maps
<p>Here you can find the high quality maps published in 'Annual Report on surveillance for Avian Influenza in poultry and wild birds in Member States of the European Union in 2019' by EFSA.</p>
Data from: Telomere heritability and parental age at conception effects in a wild avian population
<p>Individual variation in telomere length is predictive of health and mortality risk across a range of species. However, the relative influence of environmental and genetic variation on individual telomere length in wild populations remains poorly understood. Heritability of telomere length has primarily been calculated using parent–offspring regression which can be confounded by shared environments. To control for confounding variables, quantitative genetic 'animal models' can be used, but few studies have applied animal models in wild populations. Furthermore, parental age at conception may also influence offspring telomere length, but most studies have been cross-sectional. We investigated within- and between- parental age at conception effects and heritability of telomere length in the Seychelles warbler using measures from birds caught over 20 years and a multi-generational pedigree. We found a weak negative within-paternal age at conception effect (as fathers aged, their offspring had shorter telomeres) and a weak positive between-maternal age at conception effect (females that survived to older ages had offspring with longer telomeres). Animal models provided evidence that heritability and evolvability of telomere length was low in this population, and that variation in telomere length was not driven by early-life effects of hatch period or parental identities. qPCR plate had a large influence on telomere length variation and not accounting for it in the models would have underestimated heritability. Our study illustrates the need to include and account for technical variation in order to accurately estimate heritability, as well as other environmental effects, on telomere length in natural populations. </p>
Phylogenetic and Spatial Distribution of Evolutionary Isolation and Threat in Turtles and Crocodilians (Non-Avian Archosauromorphs)
The origin of turtles and crocodiles and their easily recognized body forms dates to the Triassic. Despite their long-term success, extant species diversity is low, and endangerment is extremely high compared to other terrestrial vertebrate groups, with ~ 65% of ~25 crocodilian and ~360 turtle species now threatened by exploitation and habitat loss. Here, we combine available molecular and morphological evidence with machine learning algorithms to present a phylogenetically-informed, comprehensive assessment of diversification, threat status, and evolutionary distinctiveness of all extant species. In contrast to other terrestrial vertebrates and their own diversity in the fossil record, extant turtles and crocodilians have not experienced any mass extinctions or shifts in diversification rate, or any significant jumps in rates of body-size evolution over time. We predict threat for 114 as-yet unassessed or data-deficient species and identify a concentration of threatened crocodile and turtle species in South and Southeast Asia, western Africa, and the eastern Amazon. We find that unlike other terrestrial vertebrate groups, extinction risk increases with evolutionary distinctiveness: a disproportionate amount of phylogenetic diversity is concentrated in evolutionarily isolated, at-risk taxa, particularly those with small geographic ranges. Our findings highlight the important role of geographic determinants of extinction risk, particularly those resulting from anthropogenic habitat-disturbance, which affect species across body sizes and ecologies.
Time trees and Clock genes: a Systematic Review and Comparative Analysis of Contemporary Avian Migration Genetics (Dataset)
<p>Complete dataset of <em>Clock</em> and <em>Adcyap1</em> alleles, distance matrices, and migration data used in the review and meta-analysis "<strong>Time trees and Clock genes: a Systematic Review and Comparative Analysis of Contemporary Avian Migration Genetics".</strong> </p>
Periodical cicadas disrupt trophic dynamics via community-level shifts in Avian Foraging
<p>Once every 13 or 17 years within eastern North American deciduous forests, billions of periodical cicadas concurrently emerge from the soil and briefly satiate a diverse array of naive consumers, offering a rare opportunity to assess the cascading impacts of an ecosystem-wide resource pulse on a complex food web. Here, we quantify the effects of the 2021 Brood X emergence, and report that >80 bird species opportunistically switched their foraging to include cicadas, releasing herbivorous insects from predation, and essentially doubling both caterpillar densities and accumulated herbivory levels on host oak trees. These short-lived but massive emergence events help us to understand how resource pulses can rewire interaction webs and disrupt energy flows in ecosystems, with potentially long-lasting effects. </p> <p> </p>
Fig. 5 in Long-term changes in avian relative abundances in relation to human disturbance in a tropical dry forest in central Myanmar
Fig. 5. Human detections along five, two-kilometre transects, one each in five habitats/subtypes (young dipterocarp forest, flooded dipterocarp forest, mixed deciduous forest, mature dipterocarp forest, and wetlands) per month in Chatthin Wildlife Sanctuary. Effort = number of habitat subtypes * total months sampled per year * 2 km, X-axis= year, Y-axis= human disturbance index (number of human detections per one unit of effort).
Fig. 1 in Long-term changes in avian relative abundances in relation to human disturbance in a tropical dry forest in central Myanmar
Fig. 1. Map of Chatthin Wildlife Sanctuary with land-cover changes; flooded dipterocarp forest (FL), mixed deciduous forest (MD) and young dipterocarp forest (YI) in Chatthin Wildlife Sanctuary between 1999 and 2020 and locations of bird survey points.
Fig 4 in Long-term changes in avian relative abundances in relation to human disturbance in a tropical dry forest in central Myanmar
Fig 4. Seasonal (y-axis) and long-term trends of abundances of six avian guilds in Chatthin Wildlife Sanctuary from 1999 to 2020. Redder = higher abundances, white/paler = lower abundances, and grey = no data.
Data complementing the Avian influenza overview September–December 2023
<p>Data complementing the Avian influenza overview September–December 2023</p><p> </p><p><strong>Annex A – Data on wild bird species and HPAI virus detections in birds</strong></p><p>The annex contains tables and figures on wild bird species and HPAI virus detections in birds.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Annex B – Characteristics of the HPAI A(H5Nx)-affected poultry establishments</strong></p><p>The annex contains a table with the characteristics of the HPAI A(H5Nx)-affected poultry establishments by affected European country submitted to ADIS between 1 September and 2 December 2023.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Annex C – Data on virus sequences</strong></p><p>The annex contains information on authors, originating and submitting laboratories of the sequences from GISAID's EpiFlu™ Database on which this research is based. All data submitters may be contacted directly via <a href="https://eur03.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gisaid.org%2F&data=05%7C02%7C%7Cbccd5bb40f5e4a4ccee508dbfbeb3823%7C406a174be31548bdaa0acdaddc44250b%7C1%7C0%7C638380763212264062%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=Yxkh9bN0bH3m4Pak8DJa4Mkdj1PTc6%2FYqIoei05qg1M%3D&reserved=0">www.gisaid.org</a>.</p>
Energy input, habitat heterogeneity, and host specificity on avian haemosporidian diversity at continental scales
<p>The correct identification of biotic and abiotic drivers affecting parasite diversity and assemblage composition at different spatial scales is crucial for understanding how pathogen distribution responds to anthropogenic disturbance and climate change. Here, we used a database of avian haemosporidian parasites to identify such drivers and their effect on the taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity of genera Plasmodium, Haemoproteus, and Leucocytozoon from three zoogeographic regions. We explored how parasite diversity is related to energy input (i.e., temperature, precipitation, and potential evapotranspiration [PET]), to habitat heterogeneity (i.e., climatic seasonality, vegetation density, ecosystem heterogeneity, human disturbance, and host richness), and to a novel assemblage-level metric related to parasite niche overlap (degree of generalism). We found that the relative importance of the predictors differed between the three studied parasite genera and across diversity metrics. Among the most consistent predictors, host richness was positively related to the taxonomic diversity of the three genera. Energy input and human footprint explained the phylogenetic diversity of Haemoproteus. Finally, the degree of generalism explained the diversity of Plasmodium and Leucocytozoon. Our results suggest that different dimensions of haemosporidian diversity are shaped by energy input, host heterogeneity, and assembly processes related to parasite resource use within local parasite assemblages.</p>
Excel mapping tool for 2023 avian influenza data reporting
<p>Data collection is an important task of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) and a fundamental component of risk assessment (Articles 22 and 23 of Regulation (EC) No 178/2002). EFSA receives a large volume of data from Member States (MSs) that is used in support of its risk assessment mission.</p> <p>Council Directive 2005/94/EC and Commission Decision 2010/367/EU lay down the guidelines for monitoring and reporting avian influenza surveillance data on poultry and wild birds by European Union (EU) MSs. EFSA has been assigned the task of collating, validating, analysing, and summarising in an annual report the results from the avian influenza surveillance programmes in poultry and wild birds. For the reporting of data, EFSA provides a Data Collection Framework that allows data providers to submit data in eXtensible Markup Language (XML) format through a web interface or a web service. Here, a data model describing the format, and the content requested when submitting data through the DCF, is provided.</p> <p>The data model supports the reporting of laboratory testing results for avian influenza in both wild birds, and poultry. The use of this reporting standard ensures that reported results are comparable between reporting countries. Data reported in this format will be used to generate epidemiological updates on the avian influenza surveillance testing carry out in Europe, and to provide scientific advice to the European Commission.</p>
Concrete habitat: Impervious surface in nest vicinity is associated with avian fitness decline in two urban adapters
<p>The conversion of natural habitats to impervious surfaces in cities affects biotic and abiotic attributes of urban ecosystems. Detailed information on the gradual influence of impervious surfaces on reproductive success, however, is lacking. Using five years of nestbox-breeding great tit and blue tit breeding data collected across various habitat types within and outside a Central-Eastern European capital city, we quantified the impact of impervious surfaces on avian reproductive success. Impervious surfaces strongly and negatively covaried with the number of fledged young in both species: a 50% increase in impervious surface resulted in 2.93 (95% CI: -4.27; -1.58) fewer blue tit offspring fledging the nest, and 3.51 (95% CI: -4.79; -2.23) fewer great tit offspring fledging the nest, thus halving the reproductive output of two widespread urban species. These results provide benchmark values of avian productivity for ecologists and urban policy makers, and for the management of urban areas.</p>
Data complementing the Avian influenza overview December 2023 - March 2024
<p>Data complementing the Avian influenza overview December 2023 - March 2024</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Annex A – Data on wild bird species and HPAI virus detections in birds</strong></p> <p>The annex contains tables and figures on wild bird species and HPAI virus detections in birds.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Annex B – Characteristics of the HPAI A(H5Nx)-affected poultry establishments</strong></p> <p>The annex contains a table with the characteristics of the HPAI A(H5Nx)-affected poultry establishments by affected European country submitted to ADIS between 2 December 2023 and 15 March 2024.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Annex C – Data on virus sequences</strong></p> <p>The annex contains information on authors, originating and submitting laboratories of the sequences from GISAID's EpiFlu™ Database on which this research is based. All data submitters may be contacted directly via <a href="https://eur03.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gisaid.org%2F&data=05%7C02%7C%7Cbccd5bb40f5e4a4ccee508dbfbeb3823%7C406a174be31548bdaa0acdaddc44250b%7C1%7C0%7C638380763212264062%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=Yxkh9bN0bH3m4Pak8DJa4Mkdj1PTc6%2FYqIoei05qg1M%3D&reserved=0">www.gisaid.org</a>.</p>
Fig. 2 in Phlebotomine Sandflies - Potential Vectors of Avian Trypanosomes
Fig. 2. Light microscopy of live T. avium SIM3 trypanosomes in L. longipalpis (A) and P. arabicus (B) gut; Giemsa stained metacyclic trypomastigotes of T. avium (s. s.) strain SIM3 from L. longipalpis hindgut (C). Scanning electron microscopy of T. avium (s. s.) SIM3 in the gut of sandfly P. arabicus (D, E) and L. longipalpis (F). A detailed view of trypomastigotes at the epithelium (D); note the massive infection of trypomastigots covering the gut (E); rounded objects are developmental stages of gregarines Psychodiella chagasi (F).
Fig 1 in Phlebotomine Sandflies - Potential Vectors of Avian Trypanosomes
Fig 1. Infection rates and intensities in sandflies L. longipalpis and P. arabicus membrane-fed on Trypanosoma avium strains BUT15 and SIM3, and on canaries. Infection intensities: low – 1–100 parasites; medium – 100–1000 parasites; heavy –> 1000 parasites per gut. Numbers of dissected females shown above the columns. Data from repeated experimental feeding of L. longipalpis on SIM3 are pooled. Sandflies fed on membrane were dissected after 8 days, L. longipalpis fed on canaries were dissected 7–10 days after feeding.
Pre- and postnatal noise directly impairs avian development, with fitness consequences
<p><span>Noise pollution is expanding at an unprecedented rate and </span><span>is</span><span> increasingly associated with impaired reproduction and development across taxa. However, whether noise soundwaves are intrinsically harmful for developing young – or merely disturb parents – and the fitness consequences of early exposure </span><span>remains</span><span> unknown. Here, </span><span>by only manipulating the offspring</span><span>, we </span><span>show</span><span> that sole exposure to noise in early-life </span><span>in zebra finches </span><span>has fitness consequences, </span><span>and causes</span><span> embryonic death during exposure. </span><span>Exposure to </span><span>pre- and postnatal traffic noise cumulatively impaired nestling growth and physiology, and </span><span>aggravated telomere shortening </span><span>across life stages </span><span>until adulthood</span><span>. Consistent with a long-term somatic impact, early-life noise exposure, especially prenatally, decreased individual offspring production throughout adulthood. Our findings </span><span>suggest the </span><span>effects of noise pollution </span><span>are more pervasive </span><span>than previously realized.</span></p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.