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Fig. 5 in Four new sponge-inhabiting barnacles of the genus Acasta (Thoracica: Archaeobalanidae: Acastinae) from the Indo-Pacific

Fig. 5. Acasta turriformis sp. nov., mouth parts (SEM, paratype). A, Labrum with mandibular palp; B, Mandibular palp, inner surface; C, Enlarged proximal part of mandibular palp, inner surface; D, E, Mandibles, outer surface; F, Enlarged lower part of mandible, outer surface; G, H, Maxillules, outer and inner surfaces; I, Enlarged lower part of maxillule, inner surface; J, Enlarged lower part of maxillule, outer surface. Abbreviations: lb = labrum, mdp = mandibular palp. Scale bars in µm.

Fig. 3 in Four new sponge-inhabiting barnacles of the genus Acasta (Thoracica: Archaeobalanidae: Acastinae) from the Indo-Pacific

Fig. 3. Acasta turriformis sp. nov., mouth parts (holotype). A, Labrum with mandibular palps; B, Enlarged crests of labrum; C, Mandible; D, E, Maxillules. Scale bars in µm.

Fig. 4 in Four new sponge-inhabiting barnacles of the genus Acasta (Thoracica: Archaeobalanidae: Acastinae) from the Indo-Pacific

Fig. 4. Acasta turriformis sp. nov., cirri (holotype). A, Cirrus IV, basal part; B, Cirrus V, basal part. Scale bars in µm.

Fig. 2 in Four new sponge-inhabiting barnacles of the genus Acasta (Thoracica: Archaeobalanidae: Acastinae) from the Indo-Pacific

Fig. 2. Acasta turriformis sp. nov., opercular plates (holotype). A, B, Left scutum, internal and external view; C, D, Right scutum, external and internal view; E, F, Left tergum, external and internal view; G, H, Right tergum, internal and external view. Scale bars in µm.

FIG. 6 in A new genus and species of barnacle (Cirripedia, Verrucomorpha) associated with vents of the Lau Back-Arc Basin: its gross morphology, inferred first juvenile stage and affinities

FIG. 6. — Comparison between the primordial plates of the earliest juvenile stages of the principal suborders of thoracic Cirripedia; A, Lepadomorpha, Lepas (from Newman et al. 1979: fig. 87); B, Scalpellomorpha, composite of Neolepas and Pollicipes (respectively from Newman, in prep. and Broch 1922); C, Neoverruca (reconstructed from Newman 1989); D, x-juvenile (Høeg & Newman 1997 & herein); E, F, Verruca and Semibalanus (respectively from Runnström, 1925, 1927). Abbreviations: S, scutum; T, tergum; C, carina).

FIG. 2 in A new genus and species of barnacle (Cirripedia, Verrucomorpha) associated with vents of the Lau Back-Arc Basin: its gross morphology, inferred first juvenile stage and affinities

FIG. 2. — Plates of Imbricaverruca yamaguchii gen. et n. sp. (paratype, MNHN Ci2711); A, B, viewed from above and from the rostral end, respectively; A, note the operculum, comprising the plates of the right side (MS-L-MT), includes a large median latus; B, note the slightly open aperture to the mantle cavity between the occludent margins of the movable (MS & MT) and the fixed (FS & FT) scutum and tergum, respectively; C-M, variously disarticulated hard parts; C, interior view of wall (R-C-FS-FT) and operculum (MS-L-MT) with all of the imbricating plates, except the uppermost of the three principle lateral tiers of the right side (rl1-l1-cl1), stripped away [an approximation of the rostrum (R), which did not survive dissection, is indicated by the dashed line]; D, E, movable scutum (MS); external and internal views respectively; scutal adductor muscle, inserting from just below to up under the apical concavity in Fig. 2E, extends to its origin on the fixed scutum (FS, Fig. 2G; the relationship of MS to FS can be seen in Fig 2C); F, G, fixed scutum (FS); basal and internal views, respectively. Dashed line in G indicates origin of scutal adductor muscle but no scar is evident. The relationship of the two protuberances (best seen near the tergal margin in Fig. 2G) to the fixed tergum (FT, Fig. 2J, K), was not resolved; H, I, movable tergum (MT); external and internal views respectively (external corrosion in bleach and cleaning inadvertently obliterated growth line ornamentation in H); J, K, fixed tergum (FT); external and internal views respectively; L, M, carina from below and above respectively (the rostrum did not survive dissection and cleaning). Abbreviations: C, carina; cl1-4, l1-4, rl1-4, carinolateral, lateral and rostrolateral plates forming three tiers each four plates high, respectively; FS, FT, fixed scutum and tergum; L, median latus; MS, MT, movable scutum and tergum; R, rostrum. Scale bars: 1 mm.

FIG. 1. — A, Imbricaverruca yamaguchii n. gen. and n in A new genus and species of barnacle (Cirripedia, Verrucomorpha) associated with vents of the Lau Back-Arc Basin: its gross morphology, inferred first juvenile stage and affinities

FIG. 1. — A, Imbricaverruca yamaguchii n. gen. and n. sp. (holotype, MNHN Ci2710); B, Verruca s.l., both viewed from above with the right scutum and tergum forming the operculum. Note that in the former the four plated wall appears to be covered largely by imbricating plates and the operculum includes a large median latus, characters that readily distinguish it from Neoverruca. Scale bar: 5 mm.

FIG. 5 in A new genus and species of barnacle (Cirripedia, Verrucomorpha) associated with vents of the Lau Back-Arc Basin: its gross morphology, inferred first juvenile stage and affinities

FIG. 5. — Jensen's x-juvenile from the Lau Basin, Tonga (Høeg & Newman 1997); A, viewed from the left dorso-lateral; B, left lateral; C, ventral sides, respectively (the shard of chitin extending from the aperture in B and C apparently left over from the last molt). It is a first juvenile of a thoracican cirriped and likely that of Imbricaverruca yamaguchii n. gen. and n. sp.; see Fig. 6 and text for explanation. Abbreviations: A1, first antenna; C, carina; "C", incipient cirri; LS, left scutum; LT, left tergum; RS, right scutum; P, peduncle. Scale bars: 100 µm.

FIG. 3 in A new genus and species of barnacle (Cirripedia, Verrucomorpha) associated with vents of the Lau Back-Arc Basin: its gross morphology, inferred first juvenile stage and affinities

FIG. 3. — Cirri (right side) and the trophi (appendages from the right side viewed from without, those of the left sides form within) of Imbricaverruca yamaguchii n. gen. and n. sp. (paratype, MNHN Ci2711); A, cirrus I, anterior ramus missing; B, cirrus II, setae omitted from the posterior ramus of the intact cirrus (left) are shown on the excised ramus (right); C, cirrus VI (setae of distal half omitted) and penis (annulations omitted); D, setation of an intermediate segment of outer ramus of cirrus VI (17th article from distal end); E, end of penis enlarged; F, labrum and mandibular palps; G, H, right and left mandible; I, spinous margin of H enlarged; J, K, right and left first maxillae; L, right second maxilla. Scale bars: A-C, 0.5 mm; D, E, 0.15 mm; F-L, 0.2 mm.

opencc-zeroJan 2023View details →

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Data from: Modelling harvest of Greenland barnacle geese and its implications in mitigating human-wildlife conflict

Arctic-breeding goose populations have increased in recent decades and their expansion into agricultural areas has caused increasing conflict with farmers due to the damage they cause. Lethal control and scaring are common management strategies of conflict mitigation. Management typically focuses on local/national scales, making addressing the impact of localised control on the wider population challenging, particularly when populations move over large areas and cross international borders. We construct an integrated population model (IPM) to assess the cumulative impact of all shooting harvest (hunting and derogation shooting) on the Greenland barnacle goose, Branta leucopsis. We use data from monitoring schemes throughout the migratory flyway and use population projections to evaluate the impact of potential future shooting strategies on abundance. Our model suggests flyway abundance has declined since its 2012 peak, consistent with an increase in harvest rate and low productivity. Harvest rate increase was most pronounced on Islay (rising from 2% to 7% from 2011 to 2017), suggesting this was a probable cause of flyway abundance decline. Islay abundance has declined since derogation shooting began in 2000, whilst abundance at other wintering sites has increased. This may indicate that declines in Islay abundance may be due to both shooting mortality and emigration from Islay. Should future flyway-level harvest rates increase, further declines in abundance could be expected, and are likely to be more pronounced if harvests are extended to the entire winter range. Conversely, should harvest rates decline, an increase in abundance is predicted. Projections can therefore be used to allocate flyway-level harvest rates to alleviate local pressure without hindering flyway-level management objectives. Synthesis and applications. Our findings demonstrate the impact of local harvests on global abundance, emphasising the importance of internationally coordinated monitoring and management strategies of migratory species. IPMs provide a framework for adaptation to incorporate additional data when they become available and enable comparisons of future harvest scenarios to inform management strategies throughout the flyway.

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Data from: Modelling harvest of Greenland barnacle geese and its implications in mitigating human-wildlife conflict

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publicFeb 2023View details →

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Data from: The effects of parasitism on sex allocation of a hermaphroditic acorn barnacle

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publicFeb 2025View details →

opencc-zeroAug 2020View details →

Data from: Testing adaptive hypotheses on the evolution of larval life history in acorn and stalked barnacles

Despite strong selective pressure to optimize larval life history in marine environments, there is a wide diversity with regard to developmental mode, size and time larvae spend in the plankton. In the present study, we assessed if adaptive hypotheses explain the distribution of the larval life history of thoracican barnacles within a strict phylogenetic framework. We collected environmental and larval trait data for 170 species from the literature, and utilized a complete thoracican synthesis tree to account for phylogenetic non-independence. In accordance with Thorson's rule, the fraction of species with planktonic-feeding larvae declined with water depth and increased with water temperature, while the fraction of brooding species exhibited the reverse pattern. Species with planktonic-nonfeeding larvae were overall rare, following no apparent trend. In agreement with the "size advantage" hypothesis proposed by Strathmann in 1977, egg and larval size were closely correlated. Settlement-competent cypris larvae were larger in cold water, indicative of advantages for large juveniles when growth is slowed. Planktonic larval duration, on the other hand, was uncorrelated to environmental variables. We conclude that different selective pressures appear to shape the evolution of larval life history in barnacles.

opencc-zeroDec 2016View details →

Data from: Alongshore variation in barnacle populations is determined by surfzone hydrodynamics

Larvae in the coastal ocean are transported toward shore by a variety of mechanisms. Crossing the surf zone is the last step in a shoreward migration and surf zones may act as semipermeable barriers altering delivery of larvae to the shore. We related variation in the structure of intertidal barnacle populations to surfzone width (surfzone hydrodynamics proxy), wave height, alongshore wind stress (upwelling proxy), solar radiation, and latitude at 40 rocky intertidal sites from San Diego, California to the Olympic Peninsula, Washington. We measured daily settlement and weekly recruitment of barnacles at selected sites and related these measures to surfzone width. Chthamalus density varied inversely with that of Balanus, and the density of Balanus and new recruits was negatively related to solar radiation. Across the region, long-term mean wave height and an indicator of upwelling intensity and frequency did not explain variation in Balanus or new-recruit densities. Balanus and new-recruit densities, daily settlement and weekly recruitment were up to three orders of magnitude higher at sites with wide (> 50 m), more dissipative surf zones with bathymetric rip currents than at sites with narrow (< 50 m) more reflective surf zones. Thirty to 50% of the variability in Balanus and new-recruit densities was explained by surfzone width. We sampled a subset of sites < 5 km apart where coastal hydrodynamics such as upwelling should be very similar. At paired sites with similar surfzone widths, Balanus densities were not different. If surfzone widths at paired sites were dissimilar, Balanus densities, daily settlement and weekly recruitment were significantly higher at sites with the wider more dissipative surf zone. The primary drivers of surfzone hydrodynamics are the wave climate and the slope of the shore and these persist over time, and therefore site-specific stability in surfzone hydrodynamics should result in stable barnacle population characteristics. Variations in surfzone hydrodynamics appear to play a fundamental role in regulating barnacle populations along the open coast, which in turn may have consequences for the entire intertidal community.

opencc-zeroNov 2021View details →

Electronic supplementary information: Independent and adaptive evolution of phenotypic novelties is driven by coral symbiosis in barnacle larvae

The invasion of novel habitats is recognized as a major promotor of adaptive trait evolution in animals. We tested whether similar ecological niches entail independent and adaptive evolution of key phenotypic structures related to larval host invasion in distantly related taxa. We use disparately related clades of coral barnacles as our model system (Acrothoracica: Berndtia and Thoracica: Pyrgomatidae). We analyze the larval antennular phenotypes and functional morphologies facilitating host invasion. Extensive video recordings show that coral host invasion is carried out exclusively by cypris larvae with spear-shaped antennules. These first exercise a series of complex probing behaviors followed by repeated antennular penetration of the soft host tissues, which subsequently facilitates permanent invasion. Phylogenetic mapping of larval form and function related to niche invasion in 99 species of barnacles (Thecostraca) compellingly shows that the spear-phenotype is uniquely associated with corals and penetrative behaviors. These features evolved independently in the two coral barnacle clades and from ancestors with fundamentally different antennular phenotypes. The larval host invasion system in coral barnacles likely evolved adaptively across millions of years for overcoming challenges associated with invading and entering demanding coral hosts. Key words: adaptive host invasion, larval phenotypes, coral barnacle, barnacle phylogeny

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TABLE 3 in A new genus and species of barnacle (Cirripedia, Verrucomorpha) associated with vents of the Lau Back-Arc Basin: its gross morphology, inferred first juvenile stage and affinities

TABLE 3. — Comparison of two juvenile and four adult characters in two neoverrucid and one verrucid genus.<table><tbody><tr><th></th><th>Neoverruca</th><th>Imbricaverruca</th><th>Verruca</th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>1) Juvenile pedunculate stages</th><td>Several stages pedunculate</td><td>Likely several stages</td><td>Peduncle vestigial</td></tr><tr><th>2) Juvenile carina</th><td>Higher than wide</td><td>Wider than high</td><td>Higher than wide</td></tr><tr><th>3) Adult median latus</th><td>Vestigial</td><td>Well-developed</td><td>Lost</td></tr><tr><th>4) Imbricating plates</th><td>Reduced in number, deciduous</td><td>Complete, well-developed</td><td>Lost</td></tr><tr><th>5) Fixed scutum & tergum</th><td>Normal, higher than wide</td><td>Reduced wider than high</td><td>As wide as high</td></tr><tr><th>6) Rostrum & carina</th><td>Normal, higher than wide*</td><td>Reduced, wider high</td><td>As wide as high</td></tr></tbody></table>*R-C gap less on movable side, as in all three genera.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2000View details →

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TABLE 2 in A new genus and species of barnacle (Cirripedia, Verrucomorpha) associated with vents of the Lau Back-Arc Basin: its gross morphology, inferred first juvenile stage and affinities

TABLE 2. — Comparison between the primordial plates of the earliest juvenile stages of the principal suborders of thoracic Cirripedia (See Fig. 6 for corresponding figures and text for a full explanation).<table><tbody><tr><th>Taxon/Character</th><th>Carinal proportions</th><th>Carinal of position</th><th>Terga and scuta of each side</th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>Lepadomorpha (Fig. 6A)</th><td>Higher than wide and longer than terga</td><td>Extending up between terga</td><td>Symmetrical</td></tr><tr><th>Scalpellomorpha (Fig. 6B)</th><td>Higher than wide and nearly as long as terga</td><td>Extending up between terga</td><td>Symmetrical</td></tr><tr><th>Verrucomorpha</th></tr><tr><th>Neoverrucidae (Fig. 6C)</th><td>Higher than wide and shorter than terga</td><td>Extending up between terga</td><td>Initially symmetrical</td></tr><tr><th>X-juvenile (Fig. 6D)</th><td>Wider than high, shorter than terga and perhaps displaced to one side</td><td>Not extending up between terga</td><td>Scuta if not terga initially symmetrical</td></tr><tr><th>Verrucidae (Fig. 6E)</th><td>About as wide as high, shorter than terga and displaced to one side</td><td>Not extending up between terga</td><td>Distinctly asymmetrical</td></tr><tr><th>Balanomorpha (Fig. 6F)</th><td>Higher than wide</td><td>Not extending up between terga</td><td>Symmetrical</td></tr></tbody></table>

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2000View details →

opencc-zeroDec 2022View details →

Limiting scaring activities reduces economic costs associated with foraging barnacle geese: results from an individual-based model

<ol> <li>With increasing numbers of large grazing birds on agricultural grassland, conflict with farmers is rising. One management approach to alleviate conflict allows foraging on dedicated agricultural land (accommodation areas) and nature reserves, combined with scaring on remaining agricultural land. Here, we examine the cost-effectiveness of these measures by studying the influence on barnacle goose distribution and associated economic damage.</li> <li>We present an individual/agent-based model of barnacle geese (Branta leucopsis) foraging on grasslands in Fryslân, the Netherlands. The model is parameterized using field observations and GPS-tracks and allows simulation of management scenarios, differing in scaring probability and accommodation area size, with different potential management costs. </li> <li>Our model shows that, while yield loss decreases with higher scaring probabilities, costs of damage appraisal increase because geese graze on more fields. With small accommodation areas, achieving high scaring probabilities takes more effort and could result in goose population decline. Total management costs are lowest without scaring activity. </li> <li> Synthesis and applications: Considering costs of active scaring and the need to maintain the barnacle goose population in a favourable conservation status, our model suggests that the most cost-effective scenario is to prevent disturbance of geese. A high scaring probability could be beneficial if applied in small areas, for example around sensitive crops or airfields. Scaring in large areas could result in costs outweighing benefits and a declining barnacle goose population.</li> </ol>

opencc-zeroOct 2023View details →

Data from: Comparative genomics reveals the dynamic evolutionary history of cement protein genes of barnacles from intertidal to deep-sea hydrothermal vents

Thoracican barnacles are a diverse group of marine organisms for which the availability of genome assemblies is currently limited. In this study, we sequenced the genomes of two neolepadoid species (Ashinkailepas kermadecensis, Imbricaverruca yamaguchii) from hydrothermal vents, in addition to two intertidal species. Genome sizes ranged from 481.5 to 1054.6 Mb, with repetitive sequence contents of 21.2 to 50.7%. Concordance rates of orthologs and heterozygosity ratios were between 82.4 and 91.7% and between 1.1 and 2.6, respectively, indicating high genetic diversity and heterozygosity. Based on phylogenomic analyses, we revised the nomenclature of cement genes encoding cement proteins that are not homologous to any known proteins. The major cement gene, CP100A, was found in all thoracican species, including vent-associated neolepadoids, and was hypothesized to be essential for thoracican settlement. Duplicated genes, CP100B and CP100C, were found only in balanids, suggesting potential functional redundancy or acquisition of new functions associated with the calcareous base. An ancestor of CP52 genes was duplicated dynamically among lepadids, pollicipedids with multiple copies on a single scaffold, and balanids with multiple sequential repeats of the conserved regions, but no CP52 genes were found in neolepadoids, providing insights into cement gene evolution among thoracican lineages. This study enhances our understanding of the adhesion mechanisms of thoracicans in underwater environments. The newly sequenced genomes provide opportunities for studying their evolution and ecology, shedding light on their adaptation to diverse marine environments, and contributing to our knowledge of barnacle biology with valuable genomic resources for further studies in this field.