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FIGURES 9–13 in Taxonomy of Fulgoraecia melanoleuca (Fletcher, 1939), (Lepidoptera: Epipyropidae) in India, a biological control agent of Pyrilla perpusilla (Walker) (Hemiptera: Lophopidae)

FIGURES 9–13. Larvae of F. melanoleuca. 9. Larva removed from the abdomen of P. perpusilla; 10. After removing waxy material from the body of the larva; 11. Proboscis for sucking fluids from the body of the host P. perpusilla; 12. Uniserial crochets on abdominal prolegs; 13. Uniserial crochets on anal prolegs.

FIGURES 1–8 in Taxonomy of Fulgoraecia melanoleuca (Fletcher, 1939), (Lepidoptera: Epipyropidae) in India, a biological control agent of Pyrilla perpusilla (Walker) (Hemiptera: Lophopidae)

FIGURES 1–8. Life stages of F. melanoleuca. 1. Male and female emerged from pupae; 2.Eggs; 3. Larva parasitizing on nymph of Pyrilla perpusilla; 4. Larva parasitizing on adult's abdomen of P. perpusilla; 6. Pupa of F. melanoleuca; 7. F. melanoleuca adult male; 8. F. melanoleuca adult male.

FIGURES 14–21 in Taxonomy of Fulgoraecia melanoleuca (Fletcher, 1939), (Lepidoptera: Epipyropidae) in India, a biological control agent of Pyrilla perpusilla (Walker) (Hemiptera: Lophopidae)

FIGURES 14–21. Pupae of F. melanoleuca. 14. Dorsal view of male pupa;15.Ventral view of male pupa; 16. Lateral view of male pupa; 17. Dorsal view of female pupa; 18. Ventral view of female pupa; 19. Lateral view of male pupa; 20. Male genital scar; 21. Female genital ostium scar.

FIGURES 22–31 in Taxonomy of Fulgoraecia melanoleuca (Fletcher, 1939), (Lepidoptera: Epipyropidae) in India, a biological control agent of Pyrilla perpusilla (Walker) (Hemiptera: Lophopidae)

FIGURES 22–31. Adult structures of F. melanoleuca. 22. Habitus of female; 23. Habitus of male; 24. Lateral view of head; 25.Male antenna; 26. Female antenna; 27. Foreleg; 28. Midleg; 29. Hindleg; 30. Forewing venation; 31. Hindwing venation.

FIGURES 3–8. Tamarixia schina, female. 3. Habitus. 4. Forewing. 5. Antenna. 6. Head, frontal view. 7 in Two new species of Ta m a r i x i a (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) from Chile and Australia, established as biological control agents of invasive psyllids (Hemiptera: Calophyidae, Triozidae) in California

FIGURES 3–8. Tamarixia schina, female. 3. Habitus. 4. Forewing. 5. Antenna. 6. Head, frontal view. 7. Mesosoma, lateral

FIGURES 1, 2. 1 in Two new species of Ta m a r i x i a (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) from Chile and Australia, established as biological control agents of invasive psyllids (Hemiptera: Calophyidae, Triozidae) in California

FIGURES 1, 2. 1. Damage caused by Calophya schini on Schinus molle. 2. Damage caused by Trioza eugeniae on Syzygium paniculatum. Photos by Jack Kelly Clark, courtesy University of California Statewide IPM Program. Copyrighted by the Regents of the University of California.

FIGURES 13–16. Tamarixia dahlsteni, female. 13. Head, frontal view. 14. Mesosoma, lateral view. 15. Mesosoma, dorsal view. 16 in Two new species of Ta m a r i x i a (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) from Chile and Australia, established as biological control agents of invasive psyllids (Hemiptera: Calophyidae, Triozidae) in California

FIGURES 13–16. Tamarixia dahlsteni, female. 13. Head, frontal view. 14. Mesosoma, lateral view. 15. Mesosoma, dorsal view. 16. Propodeum.

FIGURES 9–12. Tamarixia dahlsteni. 9. Habitus, female. 10. Forewing, female. 11. Antenna, female. 12 in Two new species of Ta m a r i x i a (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) from Chile and Australia, established as biological control agents of invasive psyllids (Hemiptera: Calophyidae, Triozidae) in California

FIGURES 9–12. Tamarixia dahlsteni. 9. Habitus, female. 10. Forewing, female. 11. Antenna, female. 12. Head and antennae, male.

FIGURES 24‒27 in Description of the mature larva and pupa of Anthonomus santacruzi Hustache (Coleoptera, Curculionidae), a biological control agent of Solanum mauritianum Scop. (Solanaceae), and remarks about its biology

FIGURES 24‒27. Field photos of Anthonomus santacruzi and Solanum mauritianum: 24—A. santacruzi on S. mauritianum inflorescence, 25, 26—S. mauritianum inflorescences exhibiting A. santacruzi damaged (brown) buds, 27—S. mauritianum with inflorescences in the field.

FIGURES 20‒23 in Description of the mature larva and pupa of Anthonomus santacruzi Hustache (Coleoptera, Curculionidae), a biological control agent of Solanum mauritianum Scop. (Solanaceae), and remarks about its biology

FIGURES 20‒23. Anthonomus santacruzi, pupa: 20, 21—head and pronotum (20—ventral, 21—lateral), 22—dorsal chaetotaxy, 23a, b—terminalia, ventral (a—female, b—male), ur—urogomphus, setae: as—apical, d—dorsal, ds—discal, l— lateral, os—orbital, pas—postantennal, pls—posterolateral, rs—rostral, sls—superlateral, vs—vertical.

FIGURES 14–16 in Description of the mature larva and pupa of Anthonomus santacruzi Hustache (Coleoptera, Curculionidae), a biological control agent of Solanum mauritianum Scop. (Solanaceae), and remarks about its biology

FIGURES 14–16. Anthonomus santacruzi, mature larva, mouth parts: 14—maxillolabial complex, ventral, 15a, b—left maxillia and part of praelabium (a—dorsal side, b—ventral side), 16—maxillae and prelabium, sn—sensillium, setae: dmsdorsal malar, ligs—ligular, mbs—malar basiventral, mxps—maxillary palps, pfs—palpiferal, prms—prelabial, pms—postlabial, stps—stipal, vms—ventral malar.

FIGURES 17‒19 in Description of the mature larva and pupa of Anthonomus santacruzi Hustache (Coleoptera, Curculionidae), a biological control agent of Solanum mauritianum Scop. (Solanaceae), and remarks about its biology

FIGURES 17‒19. Anthonomus santacruzi, pupa: 17—ventral, 18—dorsal view, 19—lateral, Th1–3—pro-, meso- and metathorax, Abd1–9—abdominal segments I̅IX, ur—urgomphus.

FIGURES 12, 13 in Description of the mature larva and pupa of Anthonomus santacruzi Hustache (Coleoptera, Curculionidae), a biological control agent of Solanum mauritianum Scop. (Solanaceae), and remarks about its biology

FIGURES 12, 13. Anthonomus santacruzi, mature larva, mouthparts: 12—clypeus, labrum, and epipharynx (a—dorsal side, b, c—ventral side), 13—left mandible, clss—clypeal sensorium, esc—epipharynx sensillium clusters, lr—labral rods, snpsensory pore, setae: als—anterolateral, ams—anteromedial, cls—clypeal, lms—labral, mds—mandibular, mes—median.

FIGURES 4‒9 in Description of the mature larva and pupa of Anthonomus santacruzi Hustache (Coleoptera, Curculionidae), a biological control agent of Solanum mauritianum Scop. (Solanaceae), and remarks about its biology

FIGURES 4‒9. Anthonomus santacruzi, mature larva, chaetotaxy: 4, 6, 8—thorax and abdominal segment I, 5, 7, 9— abdominal segments V̅X, 4, 5—dorsal, 6, 7—lateral, 8, 9—ventral. Th1–3—pro-, meso- and metathorax, Abd1–9— abdominal segments I̅IX, setae: as—alar, ds—dorsal, eps—epipleural, eus—eusternal, lsts—laterosternal, pda—pedal, pds— postdorsal, prns—pronotal, prs—prodorsal, ps—pleural, sps—spiracular, sts—sternal.

FIGURES 10, 11 in Description of the mature larva and pupa of Anthonomus santacruzi Hustache (Coleoptera, Curculionidae), a biological control agent of Solanum mauritianum Scop. (Solanaceae), and remarks about its biology

FIGURES 10, 11. Anthonomus santacruzi, mature larva: 10—head, 11—antenna. HH—head height, HW—head width, ststemmata, Se—sensorium, sensiliae: sa—apullacea, sb—basiconium, ss—styloconium, setae: des—dorsal epicranial, fs— frontal, les—lateral epicranial, pes—postepicranial, ves—ventral.

opencc-zeroDec 2021View details →

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Data from: A maximalist approach to the systematics of a biological control agent: Gryon aetherium Talamas, sp. nov. (Hymenoptera, Scelionidae)

A morphological and molecular analysis of Gryon Haliday (Platygastroidea, Scelionidae) was conducted to provide a taxonomic and phylogenetic context for a species under evaluation as a biological control agent of Bagrada hilaris (Burmeister) (Hemiptera, Pentatomidae). Our analysis revealed that Gryon is polyphyletic and that the biological control agent is not G. gonikopalense, a name that was tentatively applied to this species in 2019. We here describe this species as new, Gryon aetherium Talamas sp. nov., and resurrect the generic name Hadronotus Förster. Morphological characters that delimit our concepts of Gryon and Hadronotus are presented. Based on morphological characters and multilocus phylogenies, we determined that five presently valid scelionid genera belong within Gryon. In total, 15 species are transferred into Gryon from these genera, 215 species are transferred from Gryon to Hadronotus, and 6 species are transferred from Gryon to Dyscritobaeus Perkins. Specimens collected during field studies in California and reevaluation of specimens determined as G. myrmecophilum in Mexico reveal that G. aetherium is adventive in North America.

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Data from: The success of a habitat specialist biological control agent in the face of disturbance

A field study was conducted in alfalfa fields in the Arlington Agricultural Research Station, Dane County, Wisconsin, USA. Three fields were studied. Each field was divided into three sections and in each section a one of three treatments was implemented: 1. Control – harvesting normally, once a month (medium disturbance) 2. Insecticide – harvesting as in the control + implementing insecticide spray (permethrin insecticide Pounce 32 EC (8 oz/ac)) immediately after harvest (high disturbance) 3. Strips – harvesting in strips (low disturbance) In each field and each section insects were collected during the summer of 2001 (exact dates are in the files). Insects were collected with sweep nets, the number of sweeps changed in according to the number of aphids in the field, and is given in the files for each sample. Mummies of Apidius ervi were collected by visual searches of three minutes.

opencc-zeroMar 2022View details →

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Does the presence of the biological control agent, Hypena opulenta (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) on Swallow-Worts deter Monarch oviposition?

Abstract Invasive black and pale swallow-worts (Vincetoxicum nigrum (L.) Moench, and Vincetoxicum rossicum Kelopow), which are related to milkweeds, can act as ecological traps for monarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus L. (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)) as they lay eggs on them that fail to develop. A recently approved biological control agent against swallow-worts, Hypena opulenta Christoph, occupies the same feeding guild on swallow-worts as monarch larvae and could be perceived as a competitor to monarchs. We tested how the presence of this defoliating moth on swallow-worts may influence monarch host selection. In a two-year field experiment, we placed pale swallow-wort plants that were either infested with H. opulenta or noninfested as well as common milkweed (Asclepias syriaca L.), into monarch habitats to assess oviposition rates. In the laboratory, monarchs were either given a choice or not between milkweeds and black swallow-worts with or without H. opulenta. While monarchs strongly preferred common milkweed in the field, up to 25% of the eggs we observed were laid on pale swallow-wort, without preference for swallow-wort with (10.7%) or without (14.3%) H. opulenta. In laboratory choice and no-choice tests, monarchs did not lay any eggs on black swallow-wort, likely because of the long-term laboratory rearing on common milkweeds. Our results confirm that pale swallow-wort may act as an oviposition sink to monarchs in Michigan as well. Since the biological control program is still in its infancy, the nature of interactions between monarchs and H. opulenta may change as the biocontrol agent becomes more widespread.

opencc-zeroMay 2022View details →

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2022View details →

Development of a mass production method for the smut fungus Doassansia niesslii , a potential biological control agent of the invasive weed Butomus umbellatus (IC_MScEA_Final project data)

Data of my MSc final project (MSc Ecological Applications, Imperial College London). Student ID: 02175995.

FIGURES 7–12 in A survey for potential biological control agents of Pereskia aculeata Miller (Cactaceae) in Brazil reveals two new species of Horismenus Walker (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)

FIGURES 7–12. Horismenus elisae, female, paratypes: 7, head, frontal, with detail of malar sulcus (black arrow); 8, vertex, showing area of raised reticulation running from frontal suture to anterior ocellus (black arrows); 9, antenna, lateral; 10, mesosoma, dorsal, showing area of raised reticulation; 11, propodeum, showing anterolateral foveae with rounded sides almost reaching plicae (black arrow); 12, first gastral tergite, dorsal, showing a reticulate band close to posterior margin (black arrows) and petiole with a median carina (white arrow). Scale bars: 7–8, 10, 12 = 100 µm; 9, 11 = 50 µm.