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104 results for “blue tit”
Data from: Colour ornamentation in the blue tit: quantitative genetic (co)variances across sexes
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Data from: Incubation temperature affects growth and energy metabolism in blue tit nestlings
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Phenological data for the article: Phenotypic plasticity drives phenological changes in a Mediterranean blue tit population
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Data from: Causes and consequences of individual variation in the extent of post-juvenile moult in the blue tit Cyanistes caeruleus (Passeriformes: Paridae)
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Data from: Selection on parental performance opposes selection for larger body mass in a wild population of blue tits
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Sperm numbers on the perivitelline layers of blue tit eggs are repeatable within a clutch, but independent of the occurrence of extra-pair paternity
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Data from: Environmental heterogeneity and population differences in blue tits personality traits
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Analysis of within-individual variation in extrapair paternity in blue tits (Cyanistes caeruleus) shows low repeatability and little effect of changes in neighborhood
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Mutual mate choice and assortative mating in relation to a carotenoid-based color trait in blue tits
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Individual quality and extra-pair paternity in the blue tit: sexy males bear the costs
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Data from: Begging blue tit nestlings discriminate between the odour of familiar and unfamiliar conspecifics
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Data from: Nest size is predicted by female identity and the local environment in the blue tit, but is not related to genetic or foster mother's nest size
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Offspring provisioning by extra-pair males in blue tits
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Data from: Demographic history and genomic diversity and divergence in blue tit populations across heterogeneous environments
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Data for: Experimentally advancing morning emergence time does not increase extra-pair siring success in blue tit males
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Competition and climate Great and Blue tit
<p>We studied the relationship between temperature and the coexistence of great tit <i>Parus major </i>and blue tit <i>Cyanistes caeruleus</i>, breeding in 75 study plots across Europe and North Africa.</p> <p>We expected an advance in laying date and a reduction in clutch size during warmer springs as a general response to climate warming and a delay in laying date and a reduction in clutch size during warmer winters due to density-dependent effects. As expected, as spring temperature increases laying date advances and as winter temperature increases clutch size is reduced in both species. </p> <p>Density of great tit affected the relationship between winter temperature and laying date in great and blue tit. Specifically, as density of great tit increased and temperature in winter increased both species started to reproduce later. Density of blue tit affected the relationship between spring temperature and blue and great tit laying date. Thus, both species start to reproduce earlier with increasing spring temperature as density of blue tit increases, which was not an expected outcome, since we expected that increasing spring temperature should advance laying date, while increasing density should delay it cancelling each other out.</p> <p>Climate warming and its interaction with density affects clutch size of great tits but not of blue tits. As predicted, great tit clutch size is reduced more with density of blue tits as temperature in winter increases. The relationship between spring temperature and density on clutch size of great tits depends on whether the increase is in density of great tit or blue tit. Therefore, an increase in temperature negatively affected the coexistence of blue and great tits differently in both species. Thus, blue tit clutch size was unaffected by the interaction effect of density with temperature, while great tit clutch size was affected in multiple ways by these interactions terms.</p>
Data from: Brood size constrains the development of endothermy in blue tits
Altricial birds are unable to maintain body temperature when exposed to low ambient temperatures during the first days after hatching. Thermoregulatory capacity begins to form as postnatal development progresses, and eventually nestlings become homeothermic. Several factors may influence this development at both the level of the individual and the level of the whole brood, but to our knowledge no studies have focused on the effect of brood size per se on the development of endothermy in individual nestlings. We performed cooling experiments on blue tit (Cyanistes caeruleus) nestlings in the field, to study how different experimental brood sizes affected the development of endothermy in individual nestlings and the thermal environment experienced by the whole brood in the nest. Nestlings from all experimental brood sizes showed a decrease in cooling rate as they grew older, but birds from reduced broods showed an earlier onset of endothermy compared with nestlings from enlarged and control broods. This difference manifested during early development and gradually disappeared as nestlings grew older. The thermal environment in the nests differed between treatments during nestling development, such that nest temperature in reduced broods was lower than that in enlarged broods during all days and during nights at the end of the experimental period. We suggest that the development of endothermy in blue tit nestlings is not ontogenetically fixed, but instead may vary according to differences in developmental, nutritional and thermal conditions as determined by brood size.
Data from: Assortative mating by colored ornaments in blue tits: space and time matter
Assortative mating is a potential outcome of sexual selection and estimating its level is important to better understand local adaptation and underlying trait evolution. However, assortative mating studies frequently base their conclusions on small numbers of individuals sampled over short periods of time and limited spatial scales even though spatiotemporal variation is common. Here, we characterized assortative mating patterns over 10 years in four populations of the blue tit (Cyanistes caeruleus), a passerine bird. We focused on two plumage ornaments—the blue crown and the yellow breast patch. Based on data for 1,657 pairs of birds, we found large interannual variation: assortative mating varied from positive to negative. To determine whether there was nonetheless a general trend in the data, we ran a within-study meta-analysis. It revealed that assortative mating was moderately positive for both ornaments. It also showed that mating patterns differed among populations, and especially between two neighboring populations that displayed phenotypic divergence. Our results therefore underscore that long-term studies are needed to draw broad conclusions about mating patterns in natural populations. They also call for studying the potential role of assortative mating in local adaptation and evolution of ornaments in both sexes in blue tits.
Data from: Exposure to predator models during the fertile period leads to higher levels of extra-pair paternity in blue tits
1) The perceived risk of predation can affect breeding behaviour and reduce reproductive success in prey species. Individuals exposed to predators may also adopt different mating tactics with potential consequences for the distribution of paternity in socially monogamous species that engage in extra-pair copulations. 2) We experimentally increased perceived predation risk during the fertile period in blue tits Cyanistes caeruleus. Every morning between nest completion and the onset of egg laying, we presented a model of either a predator or a non-predator (control) near active nestboxes. 3) Broods from pairs exposed to predators had higher levels of extra-pair paternity than control broods. This mainly resulted from a higher proportion of extra-pair offspring in broods with at least one extra-pair young. 4) Females exposed to predators first emerged from the nestbox later in the morning, stayed away from the nestbox for longer and were less likely to be visited at the nest by their social mate, but we detected no behavioural differences once the model was removed. 5) Our results suggest that the higher rates of extra-pair paternity resulted from the disruption of morning routines, which may have inhibited within-pair copulations or increased opportunities for females to engage in extra-pair copulations. We conclude that the perceived risk of predation can have substantial effects on levels of extra-pair paternity. 16-Sep-2019
Data from: Heterozygosity and survival in blue tits (Cyanistes caeruleus): contrasting effects of presumably functional and neutral loci
The relationship between genetic diversity and fitness has important implications in evolutionary and conservation biology. This relationship has been widely investigated at the individual level in studies of heterozygosity-fitness correlations (HFC). General effects due to inbreeding and/or local effects at single loci have been used as explanations of HFC, but the debate about the causes of HFC in open, natural populations is still ongoing. Study designs that control for variation in the inbreeding level of the individuals, and knowledge on the function and location of the markers used to measure heterozygosity, are fundamental to understand the causes of HFC. Here we investigated correlations between individual heterozygosity and estimates of survival at different life-history stages in an open population of blue tits (Cyanistes caeruleus). For survival at the embryo, nestling and fledgling stage we used a full-sibling approach, i.e. we controlled for the level of inbreeding. We genotyped 1496 individuals with 79 microsatellites distributed across 25 chromosomes in another passerine and classified either as potentially functional (58 loci) or neutral (21 loci). We found different effects of standardized multilocus heterozygosity (SH): SHfunctional had a negative effect on the probability of hatching and local recruitment of females, whereas SHneutral had a positive effect on adult survival. The negative effects of functional loci are better explained by local effects, whereas the positive effects of neutral markers could reflect inbreeding effects in the population. Our results highlight the importance of considering the characteristics of the markers used in HFC studies and confirm the mixed effects of heterozygosity in different contexts (e.g. sex and life-history stage).
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