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Figs 33 in Taxonomy and biology of the bromeliad-inhabiting genus Lachnodacnum (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae: Sphaeridiinae)

Figs 33í36. Mesoventral elevation of Lachnodacnum Orchymont, 1937, SEM micrographs. In ventral (33í34) and lateral (35í36) views. 33, 35 – L. luederwaldti Orchymont, 1937; 34, 36 – L. saundersi Orchymont, 1937 (arrow indicates the anepisternal suture).

Figs 40 in Taxonomy and biology of the bromeliad-inhabiting genus Lachnodacnum (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae: Sphaeridiinae)

Figs 40í45. First instar larva of Lachnodacnum luederwaldti Orchymont, 1937, SEM micrographs. 40 – whole larva in lateral view; 41 – thorax in lateral view; 42 – abdominal segments 7í10 (including abdominal tergite 8 and spiracular atrium) in dorsolateral view; 43 – head in dorsal view; 44 – labium and maxilla in ventral view; 45 – detail of the base of mandible, with basal inner cuticular spines.

Figs 65 in Taxonomy and biology of the bromeliad-inhabiting genus Lachnodacnum (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae: Sphaeridiinae)

Figs 65í71. Mouthparts of the third instar larva of Lachnodacnum luederwaldti Orchymont, 1937. 65í66 – antenna (65 – dorsal view; 66 – ventral view); 67í68 – maxilla (67 – ventral view, 68 – dorsal view); 69í70 – labium (69 – ventral view, 70 – dorsal view); 71 – right mandible, dorsal view.

Figs 72 in Taxonomy and biology of the bromeliad-inhabiting genus Lachnodacnum (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae: Sphaeridiinae)

Figs 72í74. Pupa of Lachnodacnum luederwaldti Orchymont, 1937. 72 – dorsal view; 73 – ventral view; 74 – detail of pronotal stylus. Abbreviations: Ms – stylus of pronotal margin; Ds – stylus of pronotal disc; Ab – abdominal segment.

Figs 76 in Taxonomy and biology of the bromeliad-inhabiting genus Lachnodacnum (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae: Sphaeridiinae)

Figs 76í81. Phaenostoma urichi (Scott, 1912). 76í77 – general habitus (76 – lateral view, 77 – dorsal view); 78 – dorsal view of the head; 79 – whole beetle in ventral view; 80 – head in ventral view; 81 – mesoventrite and mesofemur.

Figs 82 in Taxonomy and biology of the bromeliad-inhabiting genus Lachnodacnum (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae: Sphaeridiinae)

Figs 82í86. Phaenostoma urichi (Scott, 1912), SEM micrographs. 82 – prothorax in ventral view (prosternum and hypomeron); 83í84 – mesoventral elevation (83 – lateral view; 84 – ventral view); 85 – antenna; 86 – protarsus.

Figures 59–64 in Neotropical Copestylum (Diptera, Syrphidae) breeding in bromeliads (Bromeliaceae) including 22 new species

Figures 59–64. Adult Copestylum, male genitalia; right- and left-hand figures scale line = 0.50 mm, for middle column figures, left-hand scale line = 0.85 mm. Copestylum louisae sp. nov., male holotype: 59. genitalia and associated structures, lateral view; 60. hypandrium, ventral view; 61. surstylus, ventral view. 62–64. Copestylum otongaensis sp. nov., male holotype: 62. genitalia and associated structures, lateral view; 63. hypandrium, ventral view; 64. surstylus, ventral view.

Figures 99–110 in Neotropical Copestylum (Diptera, Syrphidae) breeding in bromeliads (Bromeliaceae) including 22 new species

Figures 99–110. Early stages of Copestylum, respiratory structures. 99–102. Posterior breathing tubes of third stage larva, dorso-lateral view, apex to the left; tr, transverse ridge; scale line = 2 mm. 99. Copestylum emeralda; 100. Copestylum otongaensis; 101. Copestylum elizabethae; 102. Copestylum louisae. 103–106. Spiracular plates of posterior breathing tubes of third stage larva, dorsal view; so, spiracular openings; scale line = 0.6 mm. 103. C. emeralda; 104. C. otongaensis; 105. C. elizabethae; 106. C. louisae. 107–110. Pupal spiracles from puparia, posterior view; scale line = 1 mm. 107. C. emeralda; 108. C. otongaensis; 109. C. elizabethae; 110. C. louisae.

Figures 41–46 in Neotropical Copestylum (Diptera, Syrphidae) breeding in bromeliads (Bromeliaceae) including 22 new species

Figures 41–46. Adult Copestylum, male genitalia; right- and left-hand figures scale line = 0.50 mm, for middle column figures, left-hand scale line = 0.85 mm. 41–43. Copestylum barbara sp. nov., male holotype: 41. genitalia and associated structures, lateral view; 42. hypandrium, ventral view; 43. surstylus, ventral view. 44–46. Copestylum elizabethae sp. nov., male holotype: 44. genitalia and associated structures, lateral view; 45. hypandrium, ventral view; 46. surstylus, ventral view.

Figures 56–58 in Neotropical Copestylum (Diptera, Syrphidae) breeding in bromeliads (Bromeliaceae) including 22 new species

Figures 56–58. Adult Copestylum joei sp. nov., male holotype, male genitalia; right-hand scale line = 0.50 mm, for left and right column figures; left-hand scale line = 0.85 mm, for middle figure. 56–58. C. joei sp. nov., male holotype: 56. genitalia and associated structures, lateral view; 57. hypandrium, ventral view; 58. surstylus, ventral view.

Figures 19–22 in Neotropical Copestylum (Diptera, Syrphidae) breeding in bromeliads (Bromeliaceae) including 22 new species

Figures 19–22. Adult Copestylum, lateral view of the head; scale line = 3.5 mm. 19. Copestylum albertoi sp. nov., male holotype; 20. Copestylum conabioi sp. nov., male holotype; 21. Copestylum tapia sp. nov., male holotype; 22. Copestylum yowoi sp. nov., female holotype.

Figures 11–14 in Neotropical Copestylum (Diptera, Syrphidae) breeding in bromeliads (Bromeliaceae) including 22 new species

Figures 11–14. Adult Copestylum, lateral view of the head; scale line = 3.5 mm. 11. Copestylum boqueronense sp. nov., male holotype; 12. Copestylum mamorum sp. nov., female holotype; 13. Copestylum triunfense sp. nov., male holotype; 14. Copestylum unamas sp. nov., male holotype.

Figures 32–40 in Neotropical Copestylum (Diptera, Syrphidae) breeding in bromeliads (Bromeliaceae) including 22 new species

Figures 32–40. Adult Copestylum, male genitalia; right and left-hand figures scale line = 0.50 mm, for middle column figures, left-hand scale line = 0.85 mm. 32–34. Copestylum tacanense sp. nov., male holotype: 32. genitalia and associated structures, lateral view; 33. epandrium, ventral view; 34. surstylus, ventral view. 35–37. Copestylum tapanti sp. nov., male holotype: 35. genitalia and associated structures, lateral view; 36. hypandrium, ventral view; 37. surstylus, ventral view. 38–40. Copestylum volcanorum sp. nov., male holotype: 38. genitalia and associated structures, lateral view; 39.

Figures 1–6 in Neotropical Copestylum (Diptera, Syrphidae) breeding in bromeliads (Bromeliaceae) including 22 new species

Figures 1–6. Adult Copestylum, lateral view of the head; scale line = 3.5 mm. 1. Copestylum galantei sp. nov., male holotype; 2. Copestylum gelenita sp. nov., male holotype; 3. Copestylum oscillans sp. nov., male holotype; 4. Copestylum tacanense sp. nov., male holotype; 5. Copestylum tapanti sp. nov., male holotype; 6. Copestylum xalapensis sp. nov., female holotype.

Figures 15–18 in Neotropical Copestylum (Diptera, Syrphidae) breeding in bromeliads (Bromeliaceae) including 22 new species

Figures 15–18. Adult Copestylum, lateral view of the head; scale line = 3.5 mm. 15. Copestylum joei sp. nov., male holotype; 16. Copestylum louisae sp. nov., male holotype; 17. Copestylum otongaensis sp. nov., male holotype; 18. Copestylum puyarum sp. nov., female holotype.

Figures 23–31 in Neotropical Copestylum (Diptera, Syrphidae) breeding in bromeliads (Bromeliaceae) including 22 new species

Figures 23–31. Adult Copestylum, male genitalia; right and left figures scale line = 0.50 mm, for middle column figures, left-hand scale line = 0.85 mm. Abbreviations: a, aedeagus; c, cercus; e, epandrium; h, hypandrium; s, surstylus; sl, superior lobes. 23–25. Copestylum galantei sp. nov., male holotype: 23. genitalia and associated structures, lateral view; 24, hypandrium, ventral view; 25. surstylus, ventral view. 26–28. Copestylum gelenita sp. nov., male holotype: 26. genitalia and associated structures, lateral view; 27, hypandrium, ventral view; 28. surstylus, ventral view. 29–31. Copestylum oscillans sp. nov., male holotype: 29. genitalia and associated structures, lateral view; 30. hypandrium, ventral view; 31. surstylus, ventral view.

Figures 93–98 in Neotropical Copestylum (Diptera, Syrphidae) breeding in bromeliads (Bromeliaceae) including 22 new species

Figures 93–98. Third stage larvae of Copestylum, head skeletons, lateral view, anterior end to the right, scale line = 1 mm. 93. Copestylum joei; 94. Copestylum otongaensis; 95. Copestylum mamorum; 96. Copestylum galantei; 97. Copestylum conabioi; 98. Copestylum albertoi.

Figures 86–92 in Neotropical Copestylum (Diptera, Syrphidae) breeding in bromeliads (Bromeliaceae) including 22 new species

Figures 86–92. Third stage larvae of Copestylum. 86. Copestylum lousiae, whole larva, head to the right, ventral view, length = 14 mm. 87. Copestylum tapia, whole larva, head to the right, dorsal view, length = 11 mm. 88. Copestylum barbara, crenate papillae from the dorsal surface of the anal segment. 89. Copestylum xalapensis, dentate spicules from the anterior fold of the prothorax. 90. Copestylum mamorum, vestiture of stout setae from the dorsal surface of the second abdominal segment. 91. Copestylum louisae, vestiture of long, fine setae from the dorsal surface of the second abdominal segment. 92. Copestylum puyarum, tapering spicules from the anterior fold of the prothorax.

Figures 53–55 in Neotropical Copestylum (Diptera, Syrphidae) breeding in bromeliads (Bromeliaceae) including 22 new species

Figures 53–55. Adult Copestylum unamas sp. nov., male holotype, male genitalia; right-hand scale line = 0.50 mm, for left and right column figures; left-hand scale line = 0.85 mm, for middle figure. 53. genitalia and associated structures, lateral view; 54. hypandrium, ventral view; 55. surstylus, ventral view.

Figures 75–81 in Neotropical Copestylum (Diptera, Syrphidae) breeding in bromeliads (Bromeliaceae) including 22 new species

Figures 75–81. Third stage larvae of Copestylum. 75. Copestylum oscillans, whole larva, head to the right, ventral view, length = 11 mm. 76. Copestylum carlosii, whole larva, head to the right, ventral view, length = 10 mm. 77. Copestylum elizabethae, whole larva, head to the right, ventral view, length = 11 mm. 78. Copestylum carlosii, sucker from 4th abdominal segment, anterior end to the right, ventral view, width = 1 mm. 79. Copestylum oscillans, marginal lobe from 3rd abdominal segment, dorsal view, width = 0.35 mm. 80. Copestylum carlosii, marginal lobe from 3rd abdominal segment, dorsal view, width = 0.35 mm. 81. Copestylum elizabethae, marginal lobe from 3rd abdominal segment, dorsal view, width = 0.35 mm.