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395 results for “carbon to nitrogen”
Below ground root biomass, carbon and nitrogen concentrations by depth increments from the Anaktuvuk River Fire site in 2011
Below ground root biomass was measured by depth increments at three sites at and around the Anaktuvuk River Burn: severely burned, moderately burned and unburned. Roots were also analyzed for carbon and nitrogen concentrations.
Summary of below ground root biomass, carbon and nitrogen concentrations from the Anaktuvuk River Fire site in 2011
A summary of below ground root biomass, carbon and nitrogen concentrations, measured at three sites at and around the Anaktuvuk River Burn: severely burned, moderately burned and unburned.
Nitrogen cycling at treeline. II. Percent Soil Carbon and Nitrogen
We studied spatial and temporal patterns of nitrogen pools and fluxes in soils at treeline and forested sites within three mountain ranges across a 785 km transect in Alaska during 2001- 2002. We measured pools of soil mineral (ammonium and nitrate) and organic (amino acid and microbial biomass) nitrogen, in situ rates of net mineralization, net nitrification, net amino acid production, and decomposition, as well as soil carbon turnover in a laboratory incubation experiment. A complete characterization of the study can be found in Loomis et al. (2006).
Nitrogen cycling at treeline. III. Total Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Content
We studied spatial and temporal patterns of nitrogen pools and fluxes in soils at treeline and forested sites within three mountain ranges across a 785 km transect in Alaska during 2001- 2002. We measured pools of soil mineral (ammonium and nitrate) and organic (amino acid and microbial biomass) nitrogen, in situ rates of net mineralization, net nitrification, net amino acid production, and decomposition, as well as soil carbon turnover in a laboratory incubation experiment. A complete characterization of the study can be found in Loomis et al. (2006).
Particulate organic carbon and nitrogen measurements at selected depths in the water column in the CCE region since 2006 - 2024 (ongoing).
Water column bottle samples at multiple depths are taken during CCE Process cruises (since 2006, ongoing) at various CTD stations, filtered, and stored at -20°C. Measurements of particulate organic carbon (POC) and nitrogen (PON) are performed onshore in the lab where samples are acidified, dried and analyzed by high-temperature combustion. The sample and tin capsule react with oxygen and combust at 1000°C, and the sample is broken down, thus converting organic carbon to CO2 and reducing nitrogen oxides to N2 gas. Both gases are measured by thermal conductivity. Samples analyzed within the CCE constrain the mean C:N ratio of small particulates and by difference relative to measured living biomass, the biomass of suspended detritus.
Total dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen measurements at selected depths in the water column from CCE LTER process cruises in the California Current System, 2006 - 2021 (ongoing).
Water column bottle samples at multiple depths are taken during CCE Process cruises (since 2006, ongoing) at various CTD stations, and measurements of total organic carbon (TOC) and total nitrogen (TN) are performed onshore in the lab. TOC includes both dissolved and particulate organic carbon (DOC and POC, respectively). TN includes particulate and dissolved organic nitrogen as well as dissolved inorganic nitrogen species. In open ocean waters, POC is subtracted from TOC, and likely provides an accurate estimate of DOC because particles are typically small and homogeneously distributed in the sample. In coastal waters, and at stations where relatively high chlorophyll concentrations are present, the TOC measurement is not easily converted to DOC by subtracting POC values. Experience has shown that particles in these regions are large and inhomogeneously distributed. Therefore, samples collected in the CCE are reported as TOC and TN, expressed as micromoles of carbon (nitrogen) per liter of sea water.
Particulate organic carbon and nitrogen measurements at selected depths in the water column from CalCOFI-CCE Augmented cruises in the California Current System, 2004 - November 2022
Water column bottle samples at multiple depths are taken during CalCOFI cruises (since 2004, ongoing) at various CTD stations, filtered, and stored at -20°C. Measurements of particulate organic carbon (POC) and nitrogen (PON) are performed onshore in the lab where samples are acidified, dried and analyzed by high-temperature combustion. The sample and tin capsule react with oxygen and combust at 1000°C, and the sample is broken down, thus converting organic carbon to CO2 and reducing nitrogen oxides to N2 gas. Both gases are measured by thermal conductivity. Samples analyzed within the CCE constrain the mean C:N ratio of small particulates and by difference relative to measured living biomass, the biomass of suspended detritus.
Exported particulate carbon and nitrogen measurements from 4-day sediment trap deployments in the CCE region, 2007 - 2019 (ongoing).
Sediment traps are used to measure particulate export flux of organic matter from the euphotic zone at various depths (up to 100), so to better understand what flows through the water column regarding food chains in the CCE. Tubes are filled with dense seawater to create a density gradient, and are attached to a wire connected to a drifting float for up to 4 days. Samples from the recovered array of the trap material (fecal matter and other sinking particles - zooplankton removed) are filtered onto precombusted filters for analyses of particulate carbon and nitrogen flux rates for each cycle in the CCE Process cruises (since 2007, ongoing)
Soil carbon: Long-Term Nitrogen Deposition During Grassland Succession
The purpose of this experiment is to measure how initially disturbing an area and adding nitrogen over a long time will affect the number of species, the type of species present, the amount of annual growth, and the change from year to year in the growth of each species in a plant community which is also relieved of grazing by large and small mammals. This experiment is conducted within fields (A, B, and C) which were initially low in soil nutrients. The ground was disturbed by thoroughly disking the area prior to establishment of the experiment. There are 8 different levels of nitrogen addition with other nutrients added to ensure that nitrogen remains the limiting nutrient, and a control which receives no nutrients. Nitrogen fertilizer (NH4NO3) is applied twice per year, once in early May and once in late June. There are six replicates of each treatment per field. The treatments were randomly assigned to plots of size 4 by 4 meters. The plots are in 6 plot by 9 plot grids with 1 meter aisles between plots. The plot grids are enclosed by a fence to keep out mammalian herbivores. Gophers are trapped and removed as they appear. In the spring of 1992, subexperiments E097 and E098 were established. E097 is in fields A and C where randomly selected plots within each treatment no longer receive fertilizer. E098 is in field B where randomly selected plots within each treatment are burned. Note that the design of E002 is similar to E001 except E002 was thoroughly disked prior to establishment.
Aboveground biomass carbon and nitrogen: Old-Field Chronosequence: Plant Productivity
The goal of this research is to study the change in plant growth and species distribution during succession. Annual plant growth above ground is annually sampled in more than 20 fields from 4 permanently marked 3m x 4m plots in each field. These fields were previously cultivated, but then abandoned from agriculture at various times in the past. The fields were left undisturbed for plants to develop from seeds within the soil or brought into the fields by wind or animals. The fields included in this study are 4, 5, 10, 24, 26, 28, 35, 39, 41, 45, 53, 70, 72, 77 and the Lawrence strip that was abandoned in 1988. This experiment was started in 1987 by lead investigators David Tilman and Johannes Knops. In 2001 new sampling was started in positions similar to the E054 plots in these E014 fields: 21, 27, 32, 40, 44, 47, 76. Past work at CDR and elsewhere has demonstrated an overriding influence of fire frequency in maintaining prairie openings and oak savanna at the prairie-forest border. Fire regimes harm some types of species while favoring others and drive light and nutrient dynamics, which in turn drive community functional attributes and diversity levels. Ultimately, fire frequency interacts with climate, N deposition, land use, and biotic invasion to determine the outcomes of tree-grass interactions and the dynamics of vegetation at ecotones such as the prairie-forest border in Minnesota. In 2006 each field was divided in half, and one half randomly chosen for periodic prescribed burning (a fire every other year). We anticipate that the burned half will continue succession to prairie grassland while the unburned half will become white pine stands if seed sources are nearby, or will otherwise undergo extremely slow succession to oaks.
Soil carbon and nitrogen: Old-Field Chronosequence: Plant Productivity
The goal of this research is to study the change in plant growth and species distribution during succession. Annual plant growth above ground is annually sampled in more than 20 fields from 4 permanently marked 3m x 4m plots in each field. These fields were previously cultivated, but then abandoned from agriculture at various times in the past. The fields were left undisturbed for plants to develop from seeds within the soil or brought into the fields by wind or animals. The fields included in this study are 4, 5, 10, 24, 26, 28, 35, 39, 41, 45, 53, 70, 72, 77 and the Lawrence strip that was abandoned in 1988. This experiment was started in 1987 by lead investigators David Tilman and Johannes Knops. In 2001 new sampling was started in positions similar to the E054 plots in these E014 fields: 21, 27, 32, 40, 44, 47, 76. Past work at CDR and elsewhere has demonstrated an overriding influence of fire frequency in maintaining prairie openings and oak savanna at the prairie-forest border. Fire regimes harm some types of species while favoring others and drive light and nutrient dynamics, which in turn drive community functional attributes and diversity levels. Ultimately, fire frequency interacts with climate, N deposition, land use, and biotic invasion to determine the outcomes of tree-grass interactions and the dynamics of vegetation at ecotones such as the prairie-forest border in Minnesota. In 2006 each field was divided in half, and one half randomly chosen for periodic prescribed burning (a fire every other year). We anticipate that the burned half will continue succession to prairie grassland while the unburned half will become white pine stands if seed sources are nearby, or will otherwise undergo extremely slow succession to oaks.
Root biomass carbon and nitrogen: Old-Field Chronosequence: Plant Productivity
The goal of this research is to study the change in plant growth and species distribution during succession. Annual plant growth above ground is annually sampled in more than 20 fields from 4 permanently marked 3m x 4m plots in each field. These fields were previously cultivated, but then abandoned from agriculture at various times in the past. The fields were left undisturbed for plants to develop from seeds within the soil or brought into the fields by wind or animals. The fields included in this study are 4, 5, 10, 24, 26, 28, 35, 39, 41, 45, 53, 70, 72, 77 and the Lawrence strip that was abandoned in 1988. This experiment was started in 1987 by lead investigators David Tilman and Johannes Knops. In 2001 new sampling was started in positions similar to the E054 plots in these E014 fields: 21, 27, 32, 40, 44, 47, 76. Past work at CDR and elsewhere has demonstrated an overriding influence of fire frequency in maintaining prairie openings and oak savanna at the prairie-forest border. Fire regimes harm some types of species while favoring others and drive light and nutrient dynamics, which in turn drive community functional attributes and diversity levels. Ultimately, fire frequency interacts with climate, N deposition, land use, and biotic invasion to determine the outcomes of tree-grass interactions and the dynamics of vegetation at ecotones such as the prairie-forest border in Minnesota. In 2006 each field was divided in half, and one half randomly chosen for periodic prescribed burning (a fire every other year). We anticipate that the burned half will continue succession to prairie grassland while the unburned half will become white pine stands if seed sources are nearby, or will otherwise undergo extremely slow succession to oaks.
Soil percent carbon and nitrogen from 9 hillslopes sites in Macon County, North Carolina, within the Upper Little Tennessee River Basin
Percent carbon and percent nitrogen of soil were analyzed as part of the hillslope plots in Macon County, North Carolina. There were 9 hillslope sites representing a gradient of development, including forested, valley agriculture, and mountain housing developments. There were 12 10 x 10-m plots at each site. A soil probe was used to collect soils from 3 depths at each plot: 0-10 cm, 10-30 cm, and 30 + cm. Soil was then dried, processed, and analyzed for percent C & N at the Coweeta Analytical Laboratory.
Forest floor carbon and nitrogen content from 9 Hillslope Project sites in Macon County, North Carolina, within the Upper Little Tennessee River Basin
Forest floor samples were collected at 9 hillslope sites representing a gradient of development, including forested, valley agriculture, and mountain housing developments in Macon County, NC. Forest floor was divided into two categories: forest floor (i.e., Oi, Oe, & Oa layers) and wood <10 cm diameter. Afterwards, the combined depth of the Oe and Oa was measured in the middle of 3 sides of the subplot. Forest floor collections were later dried and weighed before being processed for C and N analyses.
Measurements of leaf litter Carbon and Nitrogen from the Coweeta LTER Terrestrial Gradient sites, Coweeta Hydrological Laboratory, Otto, NC
This project was started by Haines and Crossley in 1992 to compare leaf litter weights among the five gradient plots (though data from the first collections were not included in this dataset because the original dataset did not represent a complete quarter of collection). Litter is collected from ten 91.4 x 91.4 cm leaf collectors within each of the gradient plots. Litter is collected on a quarterly basis (monthly in the autumn). The litter is then separated by category, dried, weighed, and processed in a Wiley mill for later carbon and nitrogen analyses. Since the project first started, the collection process has expanded to include non-leaf litter (e.g., lichens, bark, and seeds), fine twigs (0-2.5 cm diameter), and medium twigs (2.5-10 cm diameter).
Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: Landscape scale (valley-wide) soil carbon and nitrogen cycling data
The valley-wide plots are a grid of 431 sites along fifteen N–S transects established at 500-m intervals spanning the entire Hubbard Brook Valley. This dataset includes total soil carbon, nitrogen and organic matter content, potential net nitrogen mineralization and nitrification rates, microbial respiration rates, soil water content and holding capacity, soil ammonium and nitrate concentrations, soil pH, and tree composition in a subset of 100 randomly selected plots in 2000. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station. An analysis of these data can be found in: Venterea, R. T., Lovett, G. M., Groffman, P. M., & Schwarz, P. A. (2003). Landscape patterns of net nitrification in a northern hardwood-conifer forest. Soil Science Soc. Amer. J., 67, 527–539. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2003.5270
PCN01 Plant and soil carbon and nitrogen pool data from the Belowground Plot Experiment at Konza Prairie
Data describe the carbon and nitrogen pools in combustible aboveground litter, and in shoots, roots, litter, and soil at the end of the growing season at the Belowground Plot Experiment in 2021.
Stable isotope (carbon, nitrogen and sulfur) data for primary producers and consumer organisms in the Plum Island Sound Estuary.
Flora and fauna stable isotope study to help characterize organic matter/primary production sources important to the food web of the Plum Island Sound estuary. Sampling occured during 1993 and 1994.
SBC LTER: Reef: Macrocystis pyrifera CHN content (carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen), ongoing since 2002
The purpose of monthly kelp CHN sampling is to track the carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen concentrations in Macrocystis pyrifera tissue at SBC LTER sites over time. A total of fifteen M. pyrifera blades are collected at each of three reef sites once a month. Blades are selected approxiamtely two meters from the growing end of several different plants. Core samples of the blades are processed and run through an Organic elemental analyzer with a combustion method. See Methods for more information.
Warming-El Nino-Nitrogen Deposition Experiment (WENNDEx): Soil Temperature, Moisture, and Carbon Dioxide Data from the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico
Humans are creating significant global environmental change, including shifts in climate, increased nitrogen (N) deposition, and the facilitation of species invasions. A multi-factorial field experiment is being performed in an arid grassland within the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge (NWR) to simulate increased nighttime temperature, higher N deposition, and heightened El Nino frequency (which increases winter precipitation by an average of 50%). The purpose of the experiment is to better understand the potential effects of environmental drivers on grassland community composition, aboveground net primary production and soil respiration. The focus is on the response of two dominant grasses (Bouteloua gracilis and B eriopoda), in an ecotone near their range margins and thus these species may be particularly susceptible to global environmental change. It is hypothesized that warmer summer temperatures and increased evaporation will favor growth of black grama (Bouteloua eriopoda), a desert grass, but that increased winter precipitation and/or available nitrogen will favor the growth of blue grama (Bouteloua gracilis), a shortgrass prairie species. Treatment effects on limiting resources (soil moisture, nitrogen availability, species abundance, and net primary production (NPP) are all being measured to determine the interactive effects of key global change drivers on arid grassland plant community dynamics and ecosystem processes. This dataset shows values of soil moisture, soil temperature, and the CO2 flux of the amount of CO2 that has moved from soil to air. On 4 August 2009 lightning ignited a ~3300 ha wildfire that burned through the experiment and its surroundings. Because desert grassland fires are patchy, not all of the replicate plots burned in the wildfire. Therefore, seven days after the wildfire was extinguished, the Sevilleta NWR Fire Crew thoroughly burned the remaining plots allowing us to assess experimentally the effects of interactions among multip
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Allen Brain Atlas
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