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opencc-zeroApr 2018View details →

Supplementary material 2 from: Boff S, Alves-dos-Santos I (2018) Cavities in bromeliad stolons used as nest sites by Euglossa cordata (Hymenoptera, Euglossini). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 62: 33-44. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.62.22834

Figure S2. Details of Euglossa cordata nests : Explanation note: Nests were found inside stolons of bromeliads (Aechmea distichantha) on Ilha da Vitória, in Brazil.

opencc-zeroApr 2018View details →

Supplementary material 1 from: Boff S, Alves-dos-Santos I (2018) Cavities in bromeliad stolons used as nest sites by Euglossa cordata (Hymenoptera, Euglossini). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 62: 33-44. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.62.22834

Figure S1. Stolon of living bromeliads : Explanation note: The internal moist tissues of stolons from living plants.

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Data from: Identifying demographic and environmental drivers of recruitment and population growth in a cavity nesting sea duck population

Traits with the greatest proportional effects on fitness are typically conserved (Stearns 1992), and traits with larger temporal variation frequently play a dominant role in population dynamics (Cooch et al. 2001). We examined recruitment patterns and population growth in Common Goldeneyes (Bucephala clangula; hereafter goldeneye), using Pradel mark-recapture models from a long-term nest box study (1997-2010). Our objectives were to estimate recruitment (f) and population growth (λ) relative to recruitment origin group (in-situ or unknown), investigate environmental and density dependent effects on these parameters, and evaluate potential immigration patterns. We detected group-specific differences for f (in-situ: 0.47± 0.13 SE, unknown: 0.31 ± 0.04), and the proportion of boxes occupied by goldeneyes the year prior to recruitment had a significant negative effect on recruitment for the in-situ group (β = -1.04; 85% CI -1.29, -0.78), and a positive effect for the unknown group (β = 0.45; 85% CI 0.30, 0.61). The negative box occupancy effect in the year prior to recruitment, when in-situ yearling goldeneyes prospect for potential nest sites, suggests that local nesting densities may limit recruitment of locally hatched females. We identified two competitive models for λ, which averaged 1.04 ± 0.03 and included interactions between recruitment origin group and a linear temporal trend, and the proportion of ducklings marked two years prior. By evaluating all levels of marking effort on λ, we determined that even if all hatched ducklings were marked in a given year, the resulting in-situ λ was consistently lower than all observed population-level λs during the study, indicating that individuals produced outside of study area nest boxes contributed to λ. Though female goldeneyes are considered highly philopatric, our results suggest that female natal and breeding dispersal may be more prevalent than previously thought, and the spatial scale at which these processes occur requires further investigation.

opencc-zeroDec 2016View details →

Figure 2 in Urban fragment of the Atlantic Rainforest as a refuge for cavity-nesting bees and wasps (Hymenoptera: Aculeata)

Figure 2. Rarefaction curves of solitary bee species nesting on campus of Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA) and in Parque Zoobotânico Getúlio Vargas (PZBGV) located in urban fragment of Atlantic Rainforest in city of Salvador, state of Bahia, Brazil, from May 2014 to April 2016. Grey portions represent confidence intervals (95%) of diversity (Shannon-Wiener diversity index).

Figure 5 in Urban fragment of the Atlantic Rainforest as a refuge for cavity-nesting bees and wasps (Hymenoptera: Aculeata)

Figure 5. Nesting activity of most abundant bee and wasp species: Centris (Heterocentris) analis (Fabricius, 1804), Centris (Heterocentris) terminata Smith, 1874, and Trypoxylon sp.2 at Parque Zoobotânico Getúlio Vargas located in urban fragment of Atlantic Forest in city of Salvador, state of Bahia, Brazil, from May 2014 to April 2015 (1st year) and from May 2015 to April 2016 (2nd year).

Figure 4 in Urban fragment of the Atlantic Rainforest as a refuge for cavity-nesting bees and wasps (Hymenoptera: Aculeata)

Figure 4. Nesting activity of most abundant bee and wasp species: Centris (Heterocentris) analis (Fabricius, 1804), Centris (Heterocentris) terminata Smith, 1874, Podium denticulatum (Smith, 1856) at Universidade Federal da Bahia located in urban fragment of Atlantic Forest in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, from May 2014 to April 2015 (1st year) and from May 2015 to April 2016 (2nd year).

Figure 3 in Urban fragment of the Atlantic Rainforest as a refuge for cavity-nesting bees and wasps (Hymenoptera: Aculeata)

Figure 3. Rarefaction curves of species solitary wasps nesting on campus of Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA) and in Parque Zoobotânico Getúlio Vargas (PZBGV) located in urban fragment of Atlantic Rainforest in city of Salvador, state of Bahia, Brazil, from May 2014 to April 2016. Grey portions represent confidence intervals (95%) of diversity (Shannon-Wiener diversity index).

Figure 1 in Urban fragment of the Atlantic Rainforest as a refuge for cavity-nesting bees and wasps (Hymenoptera: Aculeata)

Figure 1. Urban fragment of Atlantic Rainforest in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, preserved by Parque Zoobotânico Getúlio Vargas (PZBGV) and campus of Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA). A- State of Bahia, Brazil; B- City of Salvador; C- Fragment studied where UFBA and PZBGV are located. Eight sampling sites were established: four (1 to 4) at UFBA campus and four (5 to 8) at PZBGV.

Fig. 2 in Phylogeography and species delimitation of the Asian cavity-nesting honeybees

Fig. 2. Bayes Factor species delimitation tests hypotheses of the number of species in a set of samples based on the multi-locus data. Blue lines show trace coalescence of SNPs, in which simultaneous coalescences to an ancestor node indicate a higher likelihood of speciation event. The best-supported model recognized A. nigrocincta and 6 species among populations currently placed within A. cerana.

Fig. 4 in Phylogeography and species delimitation of the Asian cavity-nesting honeybees

Fig. 4. RASP uses the localities of individuals and RADseq SNP data to reconstruct ancestral ranges for the major nodes. Above: Ultrametric tree; colors of the vertical blocks on the right indicate the single most likely reconstructed ancestral range for each of the major nodes.The 2 most likely ancestral ranges are shown by color-coded pie diagrams at the major nodes on the tree. Additional possible, but less likely, ancestral ranges at each node are indicated in black. Below: Event graph; X-axis shows time along the same scale as the ultrametric tree.Y-axis shows number of estimated events (dispersal, vicariance, extinction, and "standard̎, or corrected number of events considering the probabilities of all vicariance, dispersal, and extinction events).

Fig. 1 in Phylogeography and species delimitation of the Asian cavity-nesting honeybees

Fig. 1. (A) BEAST maximum clade credibility tree with 10 Apis clades indicated by colored bars, including: the dwarf honey bees Apis andreniformis and A. m. florea; the giant honey bees, A. dorsata; and the cavity-nesting species A. mellifera, A. koschevnikovi, A. nigrocincta, and A. cerana in the broad sense. Within A. cerana in the broad sense there are 5 clades associated with their geographic distribution: oceanic Philippine, India-yellow, Sundaland, Mainland, and Indiablack, which is nested within the Mainland clade.Terminals are individual bee samples, black, gray, and white circles indicate strength of support for nodes, and colored bars flanking nodes indicate the maximum credibility interval. Numbered nodes indicate the most recent common ancestors of clades discussed in the text. (B-F) STRUCTURE analyses support the hypothesis that populations currently placed in A. cerana can be divided into 4 lineages: oceanic Philippines, Indiayellow, Sundaland, and Mainland in the narrow sense.

Fig. 3 in Phylogeography and species delimitation of the Asian cavity-nesting honeybees

Fig. 3. Discriminant analysis of principle components (DAPC) indicates the number of isolated clusters among the individuals included in the analyses. Crosses represent the centroid of each group. Discriminant analyses were conducted using the first 20 principal component axes for cumulated variance (inset graphs in A and B show PCA eigenvalues; first 20 principal component axes are shaded black). (A) Apis mellifera and A. koschevnikovi are isolated from other cavitynesting Apis populations. Oceanic Philippine cavity-nesters and A. nigrocincta are shown as distinct groups very near the remaining populations. (B) This analysis shows 3 well-isolated groups among populations currently placed within A. cerana (excluding the Philippine cavity-nesters): Sundaland, India-yellow, and Mainland A. cerana.