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112 results for “colour polymorphism”
Figure 2 in Mimetic colour pattern evolution in the highly polymorphic Bombus trifasciatus (Hymenoptera: Apidae) species complex and its comimics
Figure 2. Distribution of colour patterns of Bombus (Megabombus) trifasciatus sensu Williams (1998) with previously recognized species outlined using dashed lines. Localities with yellow markers were sampled for DNA sequencing.
Figure 8. Cytochrome oxidase I in Mimetic colour pattern evolution in the highly polymorphic Bombus trifasciatus (Hymenoptera: Apidae) species complex and its comimics
Figure 8. Cytochrome oxidase I (COI) + 16S genetic distances between pairs of individuals from Figure 6 compared to their geographical distances. Distances between unique sublineages coloured in Figure 6 are in grey. Inferred withinlineage distances are coloured here by lineage. The line represents the trend of isolation by distance within Bombus trifasciatus s.s.
Figure 5 in Mimetic colour pattern evolution in the highly polymorphic Bombus trifasciatus (Hymenoptera: Apidae) species complex and its comimics
Figure 5. Per cent darkness of wings across the distribution of Bombus trifasciatus, Bombus breviceps, and Bombus haemorrhoidalis lineages. In B. trifasciatus two hierarchical levels of relationship are outlined: solid lines represent the major coloured sublineages inferred in Figure 6, and dashed lines represent higher-level bifurcations supported by mitochondrial, nuclear, and some morphometric data. The question mark indicates Bombus trifasciatus magrettianus, which has uncertain sublineage affinity.
Figure 4 in Mimetic colour pattern evolution in the highly polymorphic Bombus trifasciatus (Hymenoptera: Apidae) species complex and its comimics
Figure 4. Distribution of colour patterns of Bombus (Alpigenobombus) breviceps sensu Williams (1998) with previously recognized species outlined. Localities with yellow markers were sampled for DNA sequencing. Some of the specimens from China have variation in whether pleura and/or, more rarely, the dorsal mesosoma, are more yellowish or orange.
Figure 7 in Mimetic colour pattern evolution in the highly polymorphic Bombus trifasciatus (Hymenoptera: Apidae) species complex and its comimics
Figure 7. Comparison of Bombus trifasciatus lineage uncorrected pairwise genetic distances to genetic distances typically observed within and between Bombus species. A, histogram of maximum intraspecific divergences using the cytochrome oxidase I (COI) barcoding fragment for 70 species available in BOLD Data Systems. B, histogram of 16S genetic distances between pairs of undisputed sister species in the bumble bee phylogeny. These are compared to boxplots representing the distribution of genetic distances for these fragments for major splits between B. trifasciatus sublineages (A–F), and for COI, to divergences within each of these sublineages (a–e).
Figure 13. A in Mimetic colour pattern evolution in the highly polymorphic Bombus trifasciatus (Hymenoptera: Apidae) species complex and its comimics
Figure 13. A, colours at right were assigned to each of these 24 colour regions for all terminal taxa to assess ancestral patterns and rates of colour evolution for each body region. Diagram coding follows Williams (2007). B, terminal and reconstructed ancestral colour patterns mapped onto the Bombus trifasciatus lineage Bayesian phylogeny. Question marks indicate nonsignificant Bayesian character state reconstructions.
Figure 12 in Mimetic colour pattern evolution in the highly polymorphic Bombus trifasciatus (Hymenoptera: Apidae) species complex and its comimics
Figure 12. Haplotype networks of sequences of cytochrome oxidase I + 16S for A, the Bombus breviceps lineage and B, the Bombus haemorrhoidalis lineage. Each circle represents a sampled or intermediate haplotype and each line represents a single base change unless otherwise indicated. Numbers are voucher numbers from Table S1.
Figure 1 in Mimetic colour pattern evolution in the highly polymorphic Bombus trifasciatus (Hymenoptera: Apidae) species complex and its comimics
Figure 1. Colour patterns of the type specimens of the species/subspecies belonging to three South-East Asian comimetic species sensu Williams (1998), including their approximate geographical distribution. This demonstrates the colour pattern diversity and convergence on multiple mimicry groups across these species. Data sources: Bingham, 1897; Pendlebury, 1923; Richards, 1929, 1931; Frison, 1935; Skorikov, 1938; Tkalců, 1968, 1974, 1989; Sakagami, 1972; Williams, 1991, 1998.
Colour moult phenology and camouflage mismatch in polymorphic populations of Arctic foxes
<div> <div> <div> <div> <p>Species that seasonally moult from brown to white to match snowy backgrounds become conspicuous and experience increased predation risk as snow cover duration declines. Long-term adaptation to camouflage mismatch in a changing climate might occur through phenotypic plasticity in colour moult phenology and or evolutionary shifts in moult rate or timing. Also, adaptation may include evolutionary shifts towards winter brown phenotypes that forgo the winter white moult. Most studies of these processes have occurred in winter white populations, with little attention to polymorphic populations with sympatric winter brown and winter white morphs. Here, we used remote camera traps to record moult phenology and mismatch in two polymorphic populations of Arctic foxes in Sweden over 2 years. We found that the colder, more northern population moulted earlier in the fall and later in the spring. Next, foxes moulted earlier in the fall and later in the spring during colder and snowier years. Finally, white foxes experienced relatively low camouflage mismatch while blue foxes were mismatched against snowy backgrounds most of the fall through the spring. Because the brown-on-white mismatch imposes no evident costs, we predict that as snow duration decreases, increasing blue morph frequencies might help facilitate species persistence.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div>
Multispecies colour polymorphisms associated with contrasting microhabitats in two Mediterranean wrasse radiations
<p>Intraspecific colour polymorphisms present unique opportunities to study fundamental evolutionary questions, such as the link between ecology and phenotype, mechanisms maintaining genetic diversity and their putative role in speciation. Wrasses are highly diverse in ecology and morphology and harbour a variety of colour polymorphic species. In the Mediterranean Sea, wrasses of the tribe Labrini evolved two species radiations each harbouring several species with a brown and a green morph. The colour morphs occur in complete sympatry in mosaic habitats with rocky outcrops and Neptune grass patches. Morph-specific differences had not been characterized yet and the evolutionary forces maintaining them remained unknown. With genome-wide data for almost all Labrini species, we show that species with colour polymorphisms are distributed across the phylogeny, but show evidence of hybridization. This suggests that the colour morphs are either ancient and have been lost repeatedly<span>, that </span>they have evolved repeatedly or have been shared via hybridisation. Focusing on two polymorphic species, we find that each colour morph is more common in the microhabitat providing the best colour match and that the morphs exhibit additional behavioural and morphological differences further improving crypsis in their respective microhabitat. We find little evidence for genetic differentiation between the morphs in either species. Therefore, we propose that these colour morphs represent a multi-niche polymorphism as an adaptation to the highly heterogeneous habitat. Our study highlights how colour polymorphism can be advantageous in mosaic habitats and that Mediterranean wrasses are an ideal system to study trans-species polymorphisms, i.e. polymorphisms maintained across several species, in adaptive radiations.</p>
Data from: Discrete colour polymorphism in the tawny dragon lizard (Ctenophorus decresii) and differences in signal conspicuousness among morphs
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Data from: Intensity of male-male competition predicts morph diversity in a colour polymorphic lizard
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Data from: Female-limited colour polymorphism in the crab spider Synema globosum (Araneae: Thomisidae)
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Specialist predation covaries with colour polymorphism in tawny owls
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Data from: Phylogeographic structure, demographic history, and morph composition in a colour polymorphic lizard
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Data from: Parental coordination with respect to colour polymorphism in a crater lake fish
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Data from: The significance of prey avoidance behaviour for the maintenance of a predator colour polymorphism
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Data from: It’s not all black and white: investigating colour polymorphism in manta rays across Indo-Pacific populations
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Back in black: concealed skin colour and skin colour polymorphism promotes diversification in birds
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Data from: Genetics and evidence for balancing selection of a sex-linked colour polymorphism in a songbird
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