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229 results for “community biodiversity”
Data from: Marine communities on oil platforms in Gabon, West Africa: high biodiversity oases in a low biodiversity environment
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Data from: Including community composition in biodiversity-productivity models
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Data from: Forest plant community as a driver of soil biodiversity: experimental evidence from collembolan assemblages through large-scale and long-term removal of oak canopy trees Quercus petraea
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Data from: Phylogenetic community ecology of soil biodiversity using mitochondrial metagenomics
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Data from: A new integrative framework for large-scale assessments of biodiversity and community dynamics, using littoral gastropods and crabs of British Columbia, Canada
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Data from: Cobble community DNA as a tool to monitor patterns of biodiversity within kelp forest ecosystems
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Data from: Biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships in fish communities: biomass is related to evenness and the environment, not to species richness
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Data from: Community assembly and metaphylogeography of soil biodiversity: insights from haplotype-level community DNA metabarcoding within an oceanic island
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Disentangling the links between habitat complexity and biodiversity in a kelp‐dominated subantarctic community
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Ecological interactions shape the evolution of flower colour in communities across a temperate biodiversity hotspot
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Data from: Strength of species interactions determines biodiversity and stability in microbial communities
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Biodiversity-productivity relationships in a natural grassland community vary under diversity loss scenarios
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Plant community light interception:Biodiversity: A field test of biofuel production and ground-water quality
Bioenergy could be an important part of the solution to the projected climate problems of the future, and in addition could provide auxiliary ecological services. The project described here aims to parameterize expected benefits of diverse prairie biofuel plantations for groundwater quality, and also to further evaluate its biofuel potential. This project, done in cooperation with the USGS, grows out of purely scientific discoveries in other Cedar Creek experiments. We know that diverse prairie systems are better able to retain inorganic nitrogen than monoculture systems (e.g., Dijkstra etal. 2007). However, nitrogen is just one pollutant of many being delivered to surface-water and ground-water from agricultural systems. There are a number of others including phosphorus, pesticides, and veterinary pharmaceuticals. This fact combined with the rising demand for corn grain ethanol could lead to further declines in the water quality of agricultural regions in the United States. Perennial vegetative buffers, in particular diverse prairies and/or hay (CRP), are proposed solutions. The vegetation in such buffers can be used for biofuel and simultaneously appear to be attenuate leaching of agricultural compounds through the unsaturated zone to groundwater. This 3-year cooperative USGS and UMN study will (1) examine the ability of prairies and hay (CRP) to attenuate leaching of agricultural compounds to ground-water (2) compare biofuel production of four cropping systems: diverse prairie, hay (CRP), corn grown with chemical fertilizer, and corn grown with a combination of manure and chemical fertilizer, (3) provide for future investigations into microbial antibiotic resistance and (4) provide a better understanding of the unsaturated zone hydrology and shallow groundwater recharge at Cedar Creek. The project will take place in the E120 field.
Molecular ecological network analyses: An effective conservation tool for the assessment of biodiversity, trophic interactions, and community structure
<p>Global biodiversity is threatened by the anthropogenic restructuring of animal communities, which rewires species interaction networks in real-time as individuals are extirpated or introduced. Conservation science and adaptive ecosystem management demands more rapid, quantitative, and non-invasive technologies for robustly capturing changing biodiversity and quantifying species interactions. Here we develop molecular ecological network analyses (MENA) as an ecosystem assessment tool to address these needs. To construct the ecological network, we used environmental DNA from feces to identify the plant and mammal diet of two carnivores: puma (<i>Puma concolor</i>) and bobcat (<i>Lynx rufus</i>); two omnivores: coyote (<i>Canis latrans</i>) and gray fox (<i>Urocyon cinereoargenteus</i>); and two herbivores: black-tailed deer (<i>Odocoileus hemionus</i>) and black-tailed jackrabbit (<i>Lepus californicus)</i> in a well-studied Californian reserve<i>. </i>To evaluate MENA as a comprehensive biodiversity tool, we applied our framework to identify the structure of the network, patterns of trophic interactions, key species, and to assess its utility in capturing the biodiversity of the area. The high dietary taxonomic resolution enabled the assessment of species diversity, niche breadth and overlap. The network analysis revealed a dense ecological network with a high diversity of weakly connected species and a community that is highly modular and non-nested. The significant prevalence of tri-trophic chain and exploitative competition patterns indicates (i) the removal or reintroduction of a top predator would trigger a trophic cascade within this community, directly affecting their prey and indirectly the plant communities, and (ii) the potential impact of indirect effects between two predators that consume the same prey. These results suggest that the recent resurgence of puma in the study area may impact the herbaceous and woody vegetation and the population size of other predators. This effect of fluctuating predator populations and plant communities could be predicted through MENA's fine-scale assessment of the diet selection and the identified keystone species. Although just using a subset of species, MENA more rapidly, accurately, and effectively captured the broader biodiversity of the area in comparison to other methodologies. MENA reconstructed and unveiled the hidden complexity in trophic structure and interaction networks within the community, providing a promising toolkit for biodiversity and ecosystem management.</p>
Data from: Community disassembly and disease: realistic – but not randomized – biodiversity losses enhance parasite transmission
Debates over the relationship between biodiversity and disease dynamics underscore the need for a more mechanistic understanding of how changes in host community composition influence parasite transmission. Focusing on interactions between larval amphibians and trematode parasites, we experimentally contrasted the effects of host richness and species composition to identify the individual and joint contributions of both parameters on the infection levels of three trematode species. By combining experimental approaches with field surveys from 147 ponds, we further evaluated how richness effects differed between randomized and realistic patterns of species loss (i.e., community disassembly). Our results indicated that community-level changes in infection levels were due to host species composition, rather than richness. However, when composition patterns mirrored empirical observations along a natural assembly gradient, each added host species reduced infection success by 12 to 55%. No such effects occurred when assemblages were randomized. Mechanistically, these patterns were due to non-random host species assembly/disassembly: while highly competent species predominated in low diversity systems, less susceptible hosts became progressively more common as richness increased. These findings highlight the potential for combining information on host traits and assembly patterns to forecast diversity-mediated changes in multi-host disease systems.
Data from: Taxonomic resolution is a determinant of biodiversity effects in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are key regulators of ecosystem processes, yet how their biodiversity works in ecosystems remains poorly understood. We documented the extent to which taxonomic resolution influenced the effect of biodiversity of AMF taxa on plant performance (growth, nutrient uptake and stress tolerance) in a meta-analysis of 902 articles. We found that the effect of biodiversity of AMF taxa depended on taxonomic resolution. Plant performance was positively promoted by AMF family richness, while no effect was found for fungal species richness. In addition, negative effect was found between AMF phylogenetic diversity and plant growth. This pattern can be explained by functional conservatism within AMF families and functional differentiation among AMF families. Synthesis. Conservation of AMF communities to maintain a full complement of ecosystem functions requires the presence of diverse families and not simply diverse species within a family. This finding may be of key importance for the function of ecosystems under various environmental perturbations to which AMF families may respond differently.
Data from: Spatio-temporal scaling of biodiversity in acoustic tropical bird communities
Automated analysis of acoustic communities is a rapidly emerging approach for the characterization and monitoring of biodiversity. To evaluate its utility, we should verify that such "bioacoustics" can accurately detect ecological signal in spatiotemporal acoustic data. Targeting the Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project sites in Brazil, we ask: What is the relative contribution of the spatial, temporal and habitat dimension to variation in bird acoustic communities in a previously fragmented tropical rainforest? Does the functional diversity of bird communities scale similarly to space and time as does species diversity, when both are recorded by bioacoustics means? Overall, is the imprint of landscape fragmentation 30 years ago still audible in the present‐day soundscape? We sampled forty‐four sites in secondary forest and 107 sites in old‐growth forest, resulting in 11,000 hours of audio recordings. We detected 60 bird species with satisfactory precision and recovered a linear log‐log relation between sampling time and species diversity. Sites in primary forest host more species than sites in secondary forest, but the difference decreased with sampling time, as the slope was slightly higher in secondary than primary forests. Functional diversity, as exposed by vocalizing birds, accumulates faster than does species diversity. The similarity among local communities decreases with distance in both time and space, but stability in time is remarkably high: two acoustic samples from the same site one year (or more) apart prove more similar than two samples taken at the same time but from sites situated just a few hundred meters apart. These findings suggest that habitat modification can be heard as a long‐lasting imprint on the soundscape of regenerating habitats and identify Soundscape–Area and Soundscape–Time Relations as a promising tool for biodiversity research, applied biomonitoring and restoration ecology.
Data from: Species richness, but not phylogenetic diversity, influences community biomass production and temporal stability in a re-examination of 16 grassland biodiversity studies
1.Hundreds of experiments have now manipulated species richness of various groups of organisms and examined how this aspect of biological diversity influences ecosystem functioning. Ecologists have recently expanded this field to look at whether phylogenetic diversity among species, often quantified as the sum of branch lengths on a molecular phylogeny leading to all species in a community, also predicts ecological function. Some have hypothesized that phylogenetic divergence should be a superior predictor of ecological function than species richness because evolutionary relatedness represents the degree of ecological and functional differentiation among species. But studies to date have provided mixed support for this hypothesis. 2.Here, we re-analyze data from 16 experiments that have manipulated plant species richness in grassland ecosystems and examined the impact on aboveground biomass production over multiple time points. Using a new molecular phylogeny of the plant species used in these experiments, we quantified how the phylogenetic diversity of plants impacts average community biomass production as well as the stability of community biomass production through time. 3.Using four complementary analyses we show that, after statistically controlling for variation in species richness, phylogenetic diversity (the sum of branches in a molecular phylogenetic tree connecting all species in a community) is neither related to mean community biomass nor to the temporal stability of biomass. These results run counter to past claims. However, after controlling for species richness, phylogenetic diversity was positively related to variation in community biomass over time due to an increase in the variances of individual species, but this relationship was not strong enough to influence community stability. 4.In contrast to the non-significant relationships between phylogenetic diversity, biomass, and stability, our analyses show that species richness per se tends to increase the mean biomass production of plant communities, after controlling for phylogenetic diversity. The relationship between species richness and temporal variation in community biomass was either positive, non-significant or negative depending on which analysis was used. However, the increases in community biomass with species richness, independently of phylogenetic diversity, always led to increased stability. These results suggest that phylogenetic diversity is no better as a predictor of ecosystem functioning than species richness. 5.Synthesis. Our study on grasslands offers a cautionary tale when trying to relate phylogenetic diversity to ecosystem functioning suggesting that there may be ecologically important trait and functional variation among species that is not explained by phylogenetic relatedness. Our results fail to support the hypothesis that the conservation of evolutionarily distinct species would be more effective than the conservation of species richness as a way to maintain productive and stable communities under changing environmental conditions.
Supplementary material 2 from: Penev L, Koureas D, Groom Q, Lanfear J, Agosti D, Casino A, Miller J, Arvanitidis C, Cochrane G, Hobern D, Banki O, Addink W, Kõljalg U, Copas K, Mergen P, Güntsch A, Benichou L, Benito Gonzalez Lopez J, Ruch P, Martin CS, Barov B, Demirova I, Hristova K (2022) Biodiversity Community Integrated Knowledge Library (BiCIKL). Research Ideas and Outcomes 8: e81136. https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.8.e81136
Letters of Support and Descriptions of the Collaborating Infrastructures
Supplementary material 1 from: Penev L, Koureas D, Groom Q, Lanfear J, Agosti D, Casino A, Miller J, Arvanitidis C, Cochrane G, Hobern D, Banki O, Addink W, Kõljalg U, Copas K, Mergen P, Güntsch A, Benichou L, Benito Gonzalez Lopez J, Ruch P, Martin CS, Barov B, Demirova I, Hristova K (2022) Biodiversity Community Integrated Knowledge Library (BiCIKL). Research Ideas and Outcomes 8: e81136. https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.8.e81136
BiCIKL Gantt chart
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.