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Figure 84 in Diversity, distribution and community composition of fish in perialpine lakes – "Projet Lac" synthesis report
Figure 84: Distance among lakes by river in the Rhine (upper panel), Rhone (middle panel) and Po (lower panel) river catchments.
Figure 81 in Diversity, distribution and community composition of fish in perialpine lakes – "Projet Lac" synthesis report
Figure 81: Depth distribution of fish weight (biomass per unit effort) in pelagic habitats to 50 m deep according to deep-set vertical nets (fish in the 3 m of net close to the lake floor were excluded).
Figure 82 in Diversity, distribution and community composition of fish in perialpine lakes – "Projet Lac" synthesis report
Figure 82: Factors explaining differences in the fish species composition among pairs of lakes within each catchment. No clear driver of fish community composition emerged in the Rhone catchment. In the Rhine catchment, the distance between the lakes along rivers, as well as differences in altitude, explained differences in the species composition between lakes. Al- titude explained differences in fish species composition among lakes in the Po catchment (also when Poschiavo was excluded).
Figure 79 in Diversity, distribution and community composition of fish in perialpine lakes – "Projet Lac" synthesis report
Figure 79: Proportion of non-native species by deep-set vertical nets among lakes. Native species are represented in grey. Upper panel shows proportion by abundance, lower panel proportion by biomass. The high relative biomass of this species in Upper Upper is one 7.5 kg fish.
Figure 83 in Diversity, distribution and community composition of fish in perialpine lakes – "Projet Lac" synthesis report
Figure 83: The uniqueness of the lake fish community relative to the number of recorded native fish species (shown in left panel of Figure 25) compared with different apects of the lakes. Only the relationship for maximum total phosphorus was significant (R2 = 0.248, p = 0.013), and negative. Note that the horizontal axis of the plots of maximum depth, total phosphorus and maximum total phosphorus is displayed on a log scale. Lake surface area has been square-root transformed.
Figure 80 in Diversity, distribution and community composition of fish in perialpine lakes – "Projet Lac" synthesis report
Figure 80: Depth distribution of fish weight (biomass per unit effort) in benthic habitats to 50 m deep according to CEN benthic nets.
Figure 77 in Diversity, distribution and community composition of fish in perialpine lakes – "Projet Lac" synthesis report
Figure 77: Proportion of non-native species in benthic habitats shown by benthic CEN nets among lakes. Native species are represented in grey. Upper panel shows proportion by abundance, lower panel proportion by biomass. Note that the high relative abundance and biomass of Salmo trutta in Poschiavo is uncertain. These were mainly juvenile trout that could not be confidently identified to species and were assumed to be S. trutta for the purpose of this comparison.
Figure 87 in Diversity, distribution and community composition of fish in perialpine lakes – "Projet Lac" synthesis report
Figure 87: The surface waters of lakes closer to sea level (lower altitude) were warmer in the cooler months (left), while the surface waters of higher elevation lakes tended to be cooler in the warmer months (right). Smaller lakes also tended to be cooler in winter (data not shown). Monthly mean lake surface water temperatures based on remote sensing (Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer; 1989 – 2014 [214]). The 5% quartiles were used to avoid the effects of outliers.
Figure 78 in Diversity, distribution and community composition of fish in perialpine lakes – "Projet Lac" synthesis report
Figure 78: Proportion of non-native species in open-water habitat shown by pelagic CEN nets among lakes. Native species are represented in grey. Upper panel shows proportion by abundance, lower panel proportion by biomass. Note only four fish were caught in pelagic CEN nets in Idro (three of which were Salmo trutta). Note also that the high relative abundance and biomass of Salmo trutta in Poschiavo is uncertain. These were mainly juvenile trout that could not be confidently identified to species and were assumed to be S. trutta for the purpose of this comparison.
Figure 76 in Diversity, distribution and community composition of fish in perialpine lakes – "Projet Lac" synthesis report
Figure 76: Proportion of non-native species in the littoral habitat shown by shallow-set vertical nets. Native species are represented in grey. Note that the very high relative abundance and biomass of Salmo trutta in Poschiavo is uncertain. These were mainly juvenile trout that could not be confidently identified to species and were assumed to be S. trutta for the purpose of this comparison.
Figure 70 in Diversity, distribution and community composition of fish in perialpine lakes – "Projet Lac" synthesis report
Figure 70: Composition of fish catches among lakes in the littoral zone by electrofishing (excluding streams and rivers). Note that the high relative biomass of Esox lucius in Rousses was caused by one large fish. The high biomass of Tinca tinca in Remoray was also caused by only three large individuals. Finally, the high abundance of Alburnus alburnus in Lucerne was caused by one action with 171 individuals.
Figure 75 in Diversity, distribution and community composition of fish in perialpine lakes – "Projet Lac" synthesis report
Figure 75: Proportion of non-native species in the littoral shown by electrofishing. Native species are represented in grey. Upper panel shows proportion by abundance, lower panel proportion by biomass. Note that the high relative abundance and biomass of Salmo trutta in Poschiavo is uncertain. These were mainly juvenile trout that could not be confidently identified to species and were assumed to be S. trutta for the purpose of this comparison.
Figure 66 in Diversity, distribution and community composition of fish in perialpine lakes – "Projet Lac" synthesis report
Figure 66: Recording weight, measuring total length and taking a standard photograph in the field lab.
Figure 50 in Diversity, distribution and community composition of fish in perialpine lakes – "Projet Lac" synthesis report
Figure 50: Generalist forms of Salvelinus umbla in lakes with only a single known surviving form. Two genetically distinct clusters of S. umbla occur in Lake Zurich. The pictured fish was caught by Projet Lac in Upper Lake Zurich and is genetically and phenotypically similar to the generalist form from Lake Walen. On the other hand, Salvelinus analyzed from Lower Lake Zurich (none caught in Projet Lac) tend to be genetically and phenotypically more similar to S. umbla from Lake Zug (Carmela Doenz, personal communication).
Figure 53 in Diversity, distribution and community composition of fish in perialpine lakes – "Projet Lac" synthesis report
Figure 53: Littoral (left) and profundal (right) Cottus were phenotypically distinct in lakes Thun (shown in photos), Walen and Lucerne in the Rhine catchment and lakes Garda and Maggiore in the Po catchment.
Figure 58 in Diversity, distribution and community composition of fish in perialpine lakes – "Projet Lac" synthesis report
Figure 58: Salaria in Lake Geneva were phenotypically and genetically distinct from those in the southern perialpine lakes. Males of the populations of the southern perialpine lakes, such as Lake Maggiore, have blue cephalic pores on the lower part of the cheek, while those from Lake Geneva (and Annecy) lack the blue iridescence of these pores.
Figure 49 in Diversity, distribution and community composition of fish in perialpine lakes – "Projet Lac" synthesis report
Figure 49: Diversity of Salvelinus in Swiss lakes with more than one surviving form (based on current scientific knowledge). Forms that were caught during Projet Lac are indicated by *. The generalist form is treated as S. umbla in this report and the specialized forms as distinct taxa. Additional photos of the forms during the breeding season are shown where available (individuals with more orange belly). Horizontal white bar indicates 5 cm. Photos by Projet Lac, Carmela Doenz and local fishermen.
Figure 72 in Diversity, distribution and community composition of fish in perialpine lakes – "Projet Lac" synthesis report
Figure 72: Composition of fish catches among lakes in benthic habitats according to benthic CEN gillnets.
Figure 47 in Diversity, distribution and community composition of fish in perialpine lakes – "Projet Lac" synthesis report
Figure 47: Weak genetic differences among phenotypically assigned trout populations in Lake Poschiavo. Discriminant Analysis of Principal Components based on several thousand Single Nucleodide Polymorphisms.
Figure 46 in Diversity, distribution and community composition of fish in perialpine lakes – "Projet Lac" synthesis report
Figure 46: RAxML phylogeny tree depicting the genetic relationship among individual trouts from Lakes Sils and Poschiavo and reference populations of the five species S. trutta, S. marmorata, S. labrax, S. cenerinus and S. carpio based on several thousand Single Nucleodide Polymorphisms. Note that phenotypic S. trutta from Poschiavo are genetically close to S. trutta from reference populations in the Rhine, whereas phenotypic marmorata, cenerinus and "blackspot" from Poschiavo are genetically intermediate between nonintrogressed S. trutta, S. marmorata and S. cenerinus references.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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