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433 results for “cost-effectiveness”
Data from: Patterns of livestock depredation and cost-effectiveness of fortified livestock enclosures in northern Tanzania
Human-carnivore conflicts and retaliatory killings contribute to carnivore populations' declines around the world. Strategies to mitigate conflicts have been developed, but their efficacy is rarely assessed in a randomized case-control design. Further, the economic costs prevent the adoption and wide use of conflict mitigation strategies by pastoralists in rural Africa. We examined carnivore [African lion (Panthera leo), leopard (Panthera pardus), spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta), jackal (Canis mesomelas), and cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus)] raids on fortified (n=45, total 631 monthly visits) and unfortified (traditional, n=45, total 521 monthly visits) livestock enclosures ("bomas") in northern Tanzania. The study aimed to (i) assess the extent of retaliatory killings of major carnivore species due to livestock depredation, (ii) describe the spatio-temporal characteristics of carnivore raids on livestock enclosures (iii) analyze whether spatial covariates influenced livestock depredation risk in livestock enclosures, and (iv) examine the cost-effectiveness of livestock enclosure fortification. Results suggest that i) majority of boma raids by carnivores were caused by spotted hyenas (nearly 90% of all raids), but retaliatory killings mainly targeted lions, (ii) carnivore raid attempts were rare at individual households (0.081 raid attempts/month in fortified enclosures and 0.102 raid attempts/month in unfortified enclosures), iii) Spotted hyena raid attempts increased in the wet season compared to the dry season, and owners of fortified bomas reported less hyena raid attempts than owners of un-fortified bomas. Landscape and habitat variables tested, did not strongly drive the spatial patterns of spotted hyena raids in livestock bomas. Carnivore raids varied randomly both spatially (village to village) and temporally (year to year). The cost-benefit analysis suggest that investing in boma fortification yielded positive net present values after two to three years. Thus, enclosure fortification is a cost-effective strategy to promote coexistence of carnivores and humans.
Half-Dose Fulvestrant plus Anastrozole as a First-Line Treatment for Hormone Receptor-Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
Abstract Objective The S0226 trial demonstrated that the combination of half-dose fulvestrant (FUL) and anastrozole (ANA) (F&A) caused a significant improvement in overall survival (OS) versus ANA monotherapy for first-line treatment of postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive metastatic breast cancer (PMW-MBC[HR+]). The objective of this study was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of F&A in the first-line treatment for PMW-MBC(HR+) in China. Design We constructed a Markov model over a life-time horizon. The clinical outcomes and utility data were obtained from published literature. Cost data were obtained from official Chinese websites. Sensitivity analyses were performed to test result uncertainty. Setting Chinese health care system perspective. Population A hypothetical cohort of adult patients presenting with PMW-MBC(HR+). Interventions F&A compared with full-dose FUL and ANA monotherapy. Main outcome measures The main outcome of this study was the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) and quality-adjusted life-years (QALY). Results ANA was estimated to have the lowest cost and minimum life years (LYs). The ICER of F&A versus ANA was $15,665.891/QALY with incremental cost and QALY of $12,401.120 and 0.792, respectively, which was less than the willingness-to-pay (WTP) of $29,383/QALY. Compared with F&A, FUL yielded a higher cost and a shorter lifetime; hence, it was identified as a dominated strategy. The univariate sensitivity analysis indicated the price of FUL was the most influential factor in our study. The probability that F&A was cost-effective at a threshold of $29,383/QALY in China was 86.5%. Conclusion F&A is a cost-effective alternative to FUL and ANA monotherapy for the first-line treatment of PMW-MBC(HR+) in China. F&A is a promising first-line treatment for PMW-MBC(HR+), and more research is needed to evaluate the economy of using F&A in other countries.
Accurate and Cost-Effective NMR Chemical Shift Predictions for Proteins using Molecules-in-Molecules Fragmentation-Based Method
<p>Files and coordinates associated with the paper titled 'Accurate and Cost-Effective NMR Chemical Shift Predictions for Proteins using Molecules-in-Molecules Fragmentation Based Method. '</p>
Cost-effectiveness analysis of cetuximab combined with chemotherapy as a first-line treatment for RAS wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer patients based on the TAILOR trial
<p><b>Objectives</b> Cetuximab plus leucovorin, fluorouracil, and oxaliplatin (FOLFOX-4) is superior to FOLFOX-4 alone as a first-line treatment for patients with RAS wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer (wt mCRC), with significantly improved survival benefit by TAILOR, an open-label, randomized, multicentre, phase III trial. Nevertheless, the cost-effectiveness of these two regimens remains uncertain. The following study aims to determine whether cetuximab combined with FOLFOX-4 is a cost-effective strategy for specific RAS wt mCRC patients in China.</p> <p><b>Design</b> A combined decision tree and Markov model with three health states (stable, progressive and dead) was constructed to simulate a hypothetical cohort of patients with RAS wt mCRC. The health outcomes and utility scores were derived from the TAILOR trial and previously published sources, respectively. Costs were calculated with reference to the Chinese societal perspective. A lifetime horizon was used. Univariate and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were carried out to test the robustness of the model results.</p> <p><b>Participants</b> The included patients were newly diagnosed Chinese patients with fully RAS wt mCRC. <b>Interventions</b> Either cetuximab plus FOLFOX-4 or FOLFOX-4 alone as a first-line treatment.</p> <p><b>Main outcome measures</b> The primary outcomes are costs, quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs).</p> <p><b>Results</b> Baseline analysis showed that the addition of cetuximab increased the QALYs by 0.383, while an increase of $62,947 was observed in relation to FOLFOX-4 chemotherapy. This led to an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of $164,044/QALY. Sensitivity analysis showed that across the wide variation in parameters, the ICER exceeded the willingness-to-pay threshold of $28,106/QALY, which was three times the per capita GDP in China.</p> <p><b>Conclusions</b> Despite the survival benefit, cetuximab combined with FOLFOX-4 is not a cost-effective treatment for the first line treatment of patients with RAS wt mCRC in China.</p>
Data from: Carrion fly-derived DNA as a tool for comprehensive and cost-effective assessment of mammalian biodiversity
Large-scale monitoring schemes are essential in assessing global mammalian biodiversity, and in this framework leeches have recently been promoted as an indirect source of DNA from terrestrial mammal species. Carrion feeding flies are ubiquitous and can be expected to feed on many vertebrate carcasses. Hence, we tested whether fly-derived DNA analysis may also serve as a novel tool for mammalian diversity surveys. We screened DNA extracted from 201 carrion flies collected in tropical habitats of Côte d'Ivoire and Madagascar for mammal DNA using multiple PCR systems and retrieved DNA sequences from a diverse set of species (22 in Côte d'Ivoire, 4 in Madagascar) exploiting distinct forest strata and displaying a broad range of body sizes. Deep-sequencing of amplicons generated from pools of flies performed equally well as individual sequencing approaches. We conclude that the analysis of fly-derived DNA can be implemented in a very rapid and cost-effective manner and will give a relatively unbiased picture of local mammal diversity. Carrion flies therefore represent an extraordinary and thus far unexploited resource of mammal DNA, which will likely prove useful for future inventories of wild mammal communities.
Data from: Cost-effectiveness of a specialist geriatric medical intervention for frail older people discharged from acute medical units: economic evaluation in a two-centre randomised controlled trial (AMIGOS)
Background: Poor outcomes and high resource-use are observed for frail older people discharged from acute medical units. A specialist geriatric medical intervention, to facilitate Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment, was developed to reduce the incidence of adverse outcomes and associated high resource-use in this group in the post-discharge period. Objective: To examine the costs and cost-effectiveness of a specialist geriatric medical intervention for frail older people in the 90 days following discharge from an acute medical unit, compared with standard care. Methods: Economic evaluation was conducted alongside a two-centre randomised controlled trial (AMIGOS). 433 patients (aged 70 or over) at risk of future health problems, discharged from acute medical units within 72 hours of attending hospital, were recruited in two general hospitals in Nottingham and Leicester, UK. Participants were randomised to the intervention, comprising geriatrician assessment in acute units and further specialist management, or to control where patients received no additional intervention over and above standard care. Primary outcome was incremental cost per quality adjusted life year (QALY) gained. Results: We undertook cost-effectiveness analysis for 417 patients (intervention: 205). The difference in mean adjusted QALYs gained between groups at 3 months was -0.001 (95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.009, 0.007). Total adjusted secondary and social care costs, including direct costs of the intervention, at 3 months were £4412 (€5624, $6878) and £4110 (€5239, $6408) for the intervention and standard care groups, the incremental cost was £302 (95% CI: 193, 410) [€385, $471]. The intervention was dominated by standard care with probability of 62%, and with 0% probability of cost-effectiveness (at £20,000/QALY threshold). Conclusions: The specialist geriatric medical intervention for frail older people discharged from acute medical unit was not cost-effective. Further research on designing effective and cost-effective specialist service for frail older people discharged from acute medical units is needed.
Data from: Reducing wildlife damage with cost-effective management programmes
Limiting the impact of wildlife damage in a cost effective manner requires an understanding of how control inputs change the occurrence of damage through their effect on animal density. Despite this, there are few studies linking wildlife management (control), with changes in animal abundance and prevailing levels of wildlife damage. We use the impact and management of wild pigs as a case study to demonstrate this linkage. Ground disturbance by wild pigs has become a conservation issue of global concern because of its potential effects on successional changes in vegetation structure and composition, habitat for other species, and functional soil properties. In this study, we used a 3-year pig control programme (ground hunting) undertaken in a temperate rainforest area of northern New Zealand to evaluate effects on pig abundance, and patterns and rates of ground disturbance and ground disturbance recovery and the cost effectiveness of differing control strategies. Control reduced pig densities by over a third of the estimated carrying capacity, but more than halved average prevailing ground disturbance. Rates of new ground disturbance accelerated with increasing pig density, while rates of ground disturbance recovery were not related to prevailing pig density. Stochastic simulation models based on the measured relationships between control, pig density and rate of ground disturbance and recovery indicated that control could reduce ground disturbance substantially. However, the rate at which prevailing ground disturbance was reduced diminished rapidly as more intense, and hence expensive, pig control regimes were simulated. The model produced in this study provides a framework that links conservation of indigenous ecological communities to control inputs through the reduction of wildlife damage and suggests that managers should consider carefully the marginal cost of higher investment in wildlife damage control, relative to its marginal conservation return.
Data from: A simple, cost-effective emitter for controlled release of fish pheromones: development, testing, and application to management of the invasive sea lamprey
Semiochemicals that elicit species-specific attraction or repulsion have proven useful in the management of terrestrial pests and hold considerable promise for control of nuisance aquatic species, particularly invasive fishes. Because aquatic ecosystems are typically large and open, use of a semiochemical to control a spatially dispersed invader will require the development of a cost-effective emitter that is easy to produce, environmentally benign, inexpensive, and controls the release of the semiochemical without altering its structure. We examined the release properties of five polymers, and chose polyethylene glycol (PEG) as the best alternative. In a series of laboratory and field experiments, we examined the response of the invasive sea lamprey to PEG, and to a partial sex pheromone emitted from PEG that has proven effective as a trap bait to capture migrating sea lamprey prior to spawning. Our findings confirm that the sea lamprey does not behaviorally respond to PEG, and that the attractant response to the pheromone component was conserved when emitted from PEG. Further, we deployed the pheromone-PEG emitters as trap bait during typical control operations in three Great Lakes tributaries, observing similar improvements in trap performance when compared to a previous study using mechanically pumped liquid pheromone. Finally, the polymer emitters tended to dissolve unevenly in high flow conditions. We demonstrate that housing the emitter stabilizes the dissolution rate at high water velocity. We conclude the performance characteristics of PEG emitters to achieve controlled-release of a semiochemical are sufficient to recommend its use in conservation and management activities related to native and invasive aquatic organisms.
Cost-effectiveness of preventative care for perinatal anxiety and associated disorders: A rapid review
<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Perinatal mental health (PMH) problems affect one in five women and cost the United Kingdom (UK) £8.1 billion for every year of births, with 72% of this cost due to the long-term impact on the child. We conducted a rapid review of health economic evaluations of preventative care for perinatal anxiety and associated disorders.</p> <p><strong>Design: </strong>This study adopted a rapid review approach, using principles of the standard systematic review process to generate quality evidence. This methodology features a systematic database search, PRISMA diagram, screening of evidence, data extraction, critical appraisal, and narrative synthesis.</p> <p><strong>Data Sources: </strong>PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Cochrane Library, <em>Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts</em> (ASSIA), PsycINFO and MEDLINE.</p> <p><strong>Eligibility criteria for selecting studies: </strong>Studies that evaluated the costs and cost-effectiveness of preventative care for perinatal anxiety and associated disorders carried out within the National Health Service (NHS) and similar healthcare systems.</p> <p><strong>Data extraction and synthesis:</strong> A minimum of two independent reviewers used standardised methods to search, screen, critically appraise and synthesise included studies.</p> <p><strong>Results: </strong>The results indicate a lack of economic evaluation specifically for perinatal anxiety, with most studies focussing on postnatal depression (PND). Interventions to prevent postnatal mental health problems are cost-effective. Modelling studies have also been conducted, which suggest that treating PND with counselling would be cost-effective.</p> <p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> The costs of not intervening in maternal mental health outweigh the costs of preventative interventions. Preventative measures such as screening and counselling for maternal mental health are shown to be cost-effective interventions to improve outcomes for women and children.</p> <p><strong>PROSPERO registration number: </strong>CRD42022347859</p>
On the Cost-Effectiveness of Composite Metamorphic Relations for Testing Deep Learning Systems
<p>This is the replication package of our paper "On the Cost-Effectiveness of Composite Metamorphic Relations for Testing Deep Learning Systems" published at the Metamorphic Testing Workshop (MET).</p>
Supporting molecular simulations data for "A universal co-solvent dilution strategy enables facile and cost-effective fabrication of perovskite photovoltaics"
<p>Supplementary data for "A universal co-solvent dilution strategy enables facile and cost-effective fabrication of perovskite photovoltaics"</p>
Dataset: On Cost-effective, Reliable Coverage for LoS Communications in Urban Areas
<p>Dataset containing the geodata needed to replicate the analysis and the results related the research article: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/TNSM.2022.3190634">"On Cost-effective, Reliable Coverage for LoS Communications in Urban Areas"</a> published on Transactions of Network and Service Management.</p> <p> </p> <p>This dataset contains all the data used in the research article: "On Cost-effective, Reliable Coverage for LoS Communications in Urban Areas" published on Transactions of Network and Service Management.</p> <p>It is divided into three main archives:</p> <ul> <li>The first archive, called <strong>data.zip</strong>, contains the Data Surface Model (DSM) used to generate the intervisibility graphs. These maps have been aggregated from different sources and they are all released under a CC-BY-SA 4.0 license. The files follow the naming format {area}_{type}.tif, where type can be one of the followings: <ul> <li>'<strong>buildings_mask</strong>': contains the buildings' shapes in raster format. These have been obtained by rasterizing the OpenStreetMap vectorial buildings data.</li> <li>'<strong>roads_mask</strong>': contains the roads' shapes in raster format. These have been obtained by expading the OpenStreetMap road graph by a given a mount of meters and rasterizing the result.</li> <li>'<strong>dtm</strong>': the Data Terrain Model in raster format</li> <li>'': the polished version of the Data Surface Model, where the values of the DSM are used only for the buildings (to map the roofs) and outside of the buildings the values from the dtm are used. In this way trees and unmapped buildings are not considered.</li> </ul> </li> <li>The second archive, called <strong>results.zip</strong>, contains the outcome of our algorithm for the optimal BS locations. The folder format is the following: 'results/{area}/threestep/{sa_id}/{ranking_function}/{k}/{ratio}/{lambda} : <ul> <li>'area': corresponds to the macro area used for that specific run</li> <li>'sa_id': corresponds to the subarea id (from 0 to 4) of a specific block of that area</li> <li>'ranking_function': corresponds to the ranking function used by the algorithm for that specific result (see the research article for more information)</li> <li>'ratio': corresponds to the percentage of buildings used (see the research article for more information)</li> <li>'lambda': corresponds to the density of Base Stations deployed (see the research article for more information).</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p>The data are licensed as follows:</p> <p>The DSM and DTM are licensed depending on the area:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Trento</strong>: The data are released by <a href="https://www.provincia.tn.it/">Provincia Autonoma di Trento</a> under a <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/">CC-BY 2.5 License</a></li> <li><strong>Firenze</strong>: The data are released by <a href="https://www.regione.toscana.it/">Regione Toscana</a> under a <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">CC-BY 4.0 License</a></li> <li><strong>Napoli</strong>: The data are released by <a href="https://cittametropolitana.na.it/">Città Metropolitana di Napoli</a> under a <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">CC-BY-SA 4.0 License</a></li> </ul> <p>The OpenStreetMap data have been obtained by <a href="https://download.geofabrik.de/">geofabrik.de</a> and are released under an <a href="https://opendatacommons.org/licenses/odbl/">Open Data Commons Open Database License</a></p> <p> </p> <p>All the results can be replicated using our code, available on <a href="https://github.com/UniVe-NeDS-Lab/TrueBS">Github</a>.</p> <p> </p> <p>In order to cite this dataset please cite the original research article:</p> <p> </p> <pre><code>@article{9828530, author={Gemmi, Gabriele and Cigno, Renato Lo and Maccari, Leonardo}, journal={IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management}, title={On Cost-effective, Reliable Coverage for LoS Communications in Urban Areas}, year={2022}, volume={}, number={}, pages={1-1}, doi={10.1109/TNSM.2022.3190634} } </code></pre> <p> </p>
Supplementary material 6 from: Lommen STE, Jongejans E, Leitsch-Vitalos M, Tokarska-Guzik B, Zalai M, Müller-Schärer H, Karrer G (2018) Time to cut: population models reveal how to mow invasive common ragweed cost-effectively. NeoBiota 39: 53-78. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.39.23398
Stochastic population growth for alternative seed bank scenarios (graphic results, population dynamics) :
Supplementary material 8 from: Lommen STE, Jongejans E, Leitsch-Vitalos M, Tokarska-Guzik B, Zalai M, Müller-Schärer H, Karrer G (2018) Time to cut: population models reveal how to mow invasive common ragweed cost-effectively. NeoBiota 39: 53-78. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.39.23398
r-cost curves for different seed survival scenarios and reference data sets (graphic results, population dynamics) :
Data from: A rapid and cost-effective quantitative microsatellite genotyping protocol to estimate intraspecific competition in protist microcosm experiments
High levels of intra-specific variation are commonly observed in natural microbial populations, yet the consequences of this variation for ecological and evolutionary processes remains poorly understood. Protists are excellent experimental models for investigating fundamental and applied questions in ecology and evolution, but studying intra-specific variation remains a challenge due to a lack of molecular resources to aid in quantifying and distinguishing strains during experiments. Here we present a molecular method, quantitative microsatellite genotyping, to accurately quantify strain specific frequencies from microcosm experiments of the marine flagellate Oxyrrhis marina, both between many pairs of strains and between strains in a multi-strain mixture. We find that for pairs of strains the method is effective for relative frequencies as low as 0.02 and with around 99% accuracy. The method is able to quantify four strains reasonably well, though less accurately than for pairs (range 92%-97% accuracy). This makes accessible a cheap and easy to implement method for quantifying strain (or allele) frequencies, and is suitable for use in a broad range of single celled eukaryotes (Protists) where copy number should correlate well with number of individuals (i.e. cells). This opens up the possibility of examining the role of intra-specific variation using experimental protist microcosms.
A cost-effectiveness analysis of second-generation antihistamine 1 receptor blockers and Japanese kampo shoseiryuto for treatment of perennial allergic rhinitis in outpatient settings in Japan
<p><strong><span>Background: </span></strong><span>Perennial allergic rhinitis (PAR) is common in Japan. Second-generation antihistamines (SGAs) are used commonly </span><span>for its</span><span> treatment, but it remains unclear which SGA is the most cost-effective. Additionally, the pharmacoeconomics of Japanese kampo shoseiryuto, which has been traditionally prescribed to treat PAR in Japan, remain poorly understood.</span></p> <p><strong><span>Objectives: </span></strong><span>This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of various SGAs and shoseiryuto for the treatment of PAR in Japanese outpatients, from the healthcare payer's perspective, using a base-case analysis.</span></p> <p><strong><span>Methods: </span></strong><span>The current study entailed identification of the most cost-effective of the six SGAs (</span><span>bepotastine 10 mg, cetirizine 10 mg, ebastine 10 mg, </span><span>epinastine 20</span><span> mg, loratadine 10 mg, and olopatadine 5 mg) and shoseiryuto, whose clinical effectiveness were evaluated using the overall improvement rate. </span><span>T</span><span>he time horizon</span><span> was 14 days. Costs were identified based on the Medical Fee Index in 2020.</span></p> <p><strong><span>Key findings: </span></strong><span>Overall, bepotastine 10 mg, cetirizine 10 mg, </span><span>ebastine </span><span>10 mg, and loratadine 10 mg were found to be cost-effective. Shoseiryuto was less cost-effective than ebastine 10 mg (dominated). Ebastine 10 mg was found to be the most cost-effective based on deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses.</span></p> <p><strong><span>Conclusions: </span></strong><span>Ebastine 10 mg was found to be the most cost-effective treatment strategy for PAR among the agents evaluated in this study</span><span>. This insight might help </span><span>in creating an appropriate formulary for the treatment of PAR in hospitals and communities.</span></p>
Dataset for a systematic review on the costs and cost-effectiveness of treatment setting for children with wasting, oedema and growth failure/faltering
<p>This dataset contains data extraction tables, and results graphs, figures and other visualizations from the systematic review on the costs and cost-effectiveness of treatment setting for children with wasting, oedema and growth failure/faltering.</p>
3D printed models are an accurate, cost-effective, and reproducible tool for quantifying terrestrial thermal environments
<p>Dataset used in Alujević et al. 2023. 3D printed models are an accurate, cost-effective, and reproducible tool for quantifying terrestrial thermal environments. </p>
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of a Virtual Reality-Assisted Hypnotherapy Program on Quality of Life in Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain: a Multicenter, Randomized, Prospective, Comparative, Open-Labe
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06698354. IPD Sharing: UNDECIDED. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Relationships in Good Hands - Clinical and Cost-effectiveness of Dyadic Developmental Psychotherapy
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04187911. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 17.
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.