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Figure 3 in Two new species of cricket frogs of the genus Fejervarya Bolkay, 1915 (Anura: Dicroglossidae) from the Peninsular India
Figure 3. Fejervarya kalinga sp. nov. in life. A. Holotype (ZSI/WRC/A/2018) from Mahendragiri, in life, B. Paratype (ZSI/ WRC/A/2021) from Barbara, in life.
Figs 11–15 in New for Russia bush crickets (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) from Crimea and Caucasus
Figs 11–15. Acoustic signals of Conocephalus conocephalus from Adler at 22 oC: 11, 13, 14 – oscillograms of diurnal song, 12 – nocturnal song, 15 – frequency spectrum of the song in linear scale. Lines below the oscillograms are fragments with a higher speed of the song shown in Figures 13 and 14.
Figs 1–10. Tettigoniidae. 1–5 in New for Russia bush crickets (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) from Crimea and Caucasus
Figs 1–10. Tettigoniidae. 1–5 – Conocephalus conocephalus: 1 – anterior part of male body, dorsal view; 2 – male apex of abdomen, dorsal view; 3 – male subgenital plate, ventral view; 4 – right titillator, dorsal view; 5 – female, lateral view; 6–9 – Incertana incerta: 6 – right titillator, dorsal view; 7 – male, lateral view; 8 – male apex of abdomen, lateral view; 9 – female apex of abdomen and ovipositor, lateral view; 10 – Parapholidoptera georgiae, titillators of specimen from Grozny, dorsal view. Scale bars: 1, 8, 9, 10 = 1 mm; 2-4, 6 = 0.5 mm; 5, 7 = 5 mm. 18
Data from: Texas field crickets (Gryllus texensis) use visual cues to place learn but perform poorly when intra- and extra-maze cues conflict
<p>Central place foraging field crickets are an ideal system for studying the adaptive value of learning and memory, but more research is needed on ecology-relevant cognition in these invertebrates. Here, we test the visuospatial place learning of Texas field crickets (<em>Gryllus texensis</em>) in a radial arm maze. Our study expands previous work on <em>G. texensis</em> cognition for accuracy measures and extends our previous findings on females to both sexes. Additionally, our study examines whether crickets use intra- or extra-maze cues to locate a food reward using a maze rotation putting the cues in conflict. We found that male and female crickets improved performance over trials when measured by accuracy variables but not latency variables; thigmotaxis negatively impacted performance in both sexes. In a reward-absent trial, both male and female crickets demonstrated place memory. When intra- and extra-maze cues conflicted during a rotation trial, crickets' performance was not better than chance. Our rotation results suggest that crickets may experience reciprocal overshadowing of conflicting cues – a result most often seen in other taxa with conflicting multi-modal cues. We conclude that crickets do not rely solely on: (1) a single-cue association; (2) route-following; or (3) their own scent cues to navigate the maze. Instead, male and female Texas field crickets seem to learn the location of the reward using a combination of proximal and distal cues. The possibility to test large numbers of wild-caught or laboratory-reared individuals opens the door to future investigations on the evolutionary ecology of visuospatial learning in these invertebrates.</p>
Figs 24–32 in Review of the cricket genus Agryllus (Orthoptera: Gryllidae, Gryllinae)
Figs 24–32. Agryllus, male: 24–26 – A. excultus Gor.; 27–29 – A. hemiapterus sp. n.; 30– 32 – A. magnigenitalis sp. n. Genitalia from above (24, 27, 30), from below (25, 28, 31) and from side (26, 29, 32).
Figures 4-5. 4 in The fast-calling short-tailed cricket Anurogryllus celerinictus Walker, 1973 (Orthoptera: Gryllidae) occurs in Cuba, Greater Antilles
Figures 4-5. 4 Geographical distribution of Anurogryllus celerinictus: previous records (red symbols) and new records (yellow symbols). Image frame = 2,000 x 1,000 km. 5 Habitat and microhabitat of Anurogryllus celerinictus at Havana City, Cuba. This section of the grassy parterre yielded 12 of the examined specimens in three consecutive nights.
Figure 1 in The fast-calling short-tailed cricket Anurogryllus celerinictus Walker, 1973 (Orthoptera: Gryllidae) occurs in Cuba, Greater Antilles
Figure 1. Live Anurogryllus celerinictus from Cuba, photographed in captivity on white background: a) adult male; b– c) same adult female, d) juvenile. Note "short-winged" male and that same female individual displays either "shortwinged" or "long-winged" condition.
Fig. 6 in Evolution and systematics of Green Bush-crickets (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Tettigonia) in the Western Palaearctic: testing concordance between molecular, acoustic, and morphological data
Fig. 6 Comparison of the duty cycle in the songs of the T. armeniaca complex and T. caudata (left panel) and the Tettigonia viridissima group (right panel)
Fig. 2 in Evolution and systematics of Green Bush-crickets (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Tettigonia) in the Western Palaearctic: testing concordance between molecular, acoustic, and morphological data
Fig. 2 Oscillograms of the song of the Tettigonia viridissima group (1–9) and T. cantans (10) recorded at two speeds: 1 T. cf. longealata (MO: Ajabo, T = 20 °C), 2 T. cf. vaucheriana (MO: N Fes, T = 20 °C), 3 T. cf. vaucheriana (MO: Bouchfaa W of Taza, T = 21 °C), 4 T. cf. vaucheriana (MO: Tilougguite Pass, T = 23 °C), 5 T. cf. vaucheriana and cf. longealata (MO: El Kebab, T = 25 °C), 6 T. cf. vaucheriana (MO: El Kebab, T = 28–30 °C), 7 T. cf. viridissima (MO: S Aïn Zora, T = 22 °C), 8 T. cf. viridissima (MO: S Aïn Zora, T = 25 °C), 9 T. viridissima (BG: Sofia, T = 27 °C), and 10 T. cantans (IT: Val Malene; from Massa et al. 2012, T = 15 °C)). Scale bar for A is 10 s and for B 2 s
Fig. 5 in Evolution and systematics of Green Bush-crickets (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Tettigonia) in the Western Palaearctic: testing concordance between molecular, acoustic, and morphological data
Fig. 5 Appearance of some taxa of Western Palaearctic Tettigonia (relative size proportions between photos not retained). a T. cantans, male, Germany, Gunzenhausen; b T. cantans, female, Germany, Gunzenhausen; c T. uvarovi Ebner, 1946—male, holotype, Siberia (NHMW), lateral view; d same, dorsal view; e T. caudata, male, Bulgaria, Russe district, Byala; f T. acutipennis Ebner, 1946—male, holotype, "Kleinasien 1914 | Marasch, Tölg. | coll. R. Ebner" (NHMW), dorsal view; g same, lateral view; h T. armeniaca, male, Armenia, Djermuk; i T. armeniaca, male, Turkey, Ispir; j T. viridissima morphotype of longealata, male, Morocco, El Kebab; k T. viridissima morphotype of longealata, female, Morocco, El Kebab; l T. viridissima morphotype of vaucheriana, male, Morocco, El Kebab; and m T. viridissima, male and female in copula, Bulgaria, Haskovo district, Kostilkovo village
Fig. 4 in Evolution and systematics of Green Bush-crickets (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Tettigonia) in the Western Palaearctic: testing concordance between molecular, acoustic, and morphological data
Fig. 4 Phylogenetic tree of the genus Tettigonia based on BI analysis of concatenated COI-ITS1-ITS2 sequences. BI posterior probability (PP) values are shown near resolved branches (only support values above 0.50). Species groups, as defined by genetic and morpho-acoustic data, are distinctly shaded, and the respective branches are marked with an open circle and a capital letter as follows: "A"—T. viridissima group, "B"—T. caudata group, and "C"—T. cantans group. Haplotype codes correspond to Table 1 in the Supplement, followed by morphological identification. Squares on the right side of names correspond to relative wing length: filled squares short wings and open squares long wings;
Fig. 7 in Evolution and systematics of Green Bush-crickets (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Tettigonia) in the Western Palaearctic: testing concordance between molecular, acoustic, and morphological data
Fig. 7 Relationship between the duration of chirps and inter-chirp intervals in T. caudata and the Tettigonia armeniaca complex. Green triangles mark recordings from Ispir, Turkey, where monosyllabic, disyllabic, and polysyllabic songs of T. armeniaca were recorded, as well as a song of T. caudata (Color figure online)
Fig. 1 in First records of the Oak bush-cricket Meconema thalassinum on three German North Sea islands (Orthoptera: Ensifera, Tettigoniidae)
Fig. 1 – Distribution of Meconema thalassinum in Schleswig-Holstein (Germany). Solid red line indicates border between the Atlantic (west) and the Continental (east) Biogeographic Regions. Note majority of records are in the zone of the continental climate. From Winkler & Klinge (2019), modified.
Fig. 2 – A in First records of the Oak bush-cricket Meconema thalassinum on three German North Sea islands (Orthoptera: Ensifera, Tettigoniidae)
Fig. 2 – A male of the oak bush-cricket Meconema thalassinum from German North Sea Islands: island Sylt, 09 Sept. 2020, photo H. Ahnelt.
Fig. 8. Antennal s in Types and functions of mole cricket (Orthoptera: Gryllotalpidae) antennal and palpal sensilla
Fig. 8. Antennal s. coeloconicum (type I), located in the cuticular pit (×28k) (A), in contrast to s. ceoloconicum (×25k) (type II) positioned on the antennal surface (B). S. campaniformia, proprioreceptor, can be located on the tip of the segment (× 17k) (C) and at the midsection (× 21k) (D).
Fig. 3 in Types and functions of mole cricket (Orthoptera: Gryllotalpidae) antennal and palpal sensilla
Fig. 3. Sensilla chaetica, the most abundant sensilla on S. vicinus antennae. Antennal surface of S. vicinus with s. chaetica positioned in the flexible sockets (mag- inifaication ×9k) (A), aporous ridged surface of the sensillum (magnification ×6k) (B), antennal segment and different types of sensilla, s. chaetica types I and II (schI and II), arranged into transverse patterns, type III s. chaetica (sch III) are small and evenly distributed on the flagellomere (×600) (C). Row of s. basioconica (sb) and s. trichodea (si) (C) usually observed on the apical portion of the flagellomere.
Fig. 2 in Types and functions of mole cricket (Orthoptera: Gryllotalpidae) antennal and palpal sensilla
Fig. 2. Böhm sensilla (Bs) (SEM, ×1.1k and ×2K) (A, B) on the S. abbreviatus pedicel (×500) (C) and scape (×650) (D).
Fig. 7 in Types and functions of mole cricket (Orthoptera: Gryllotalpidae) antennal and palpal sensilla
Fig. 7. Sensillum trichodium (st) located at the distal part of flagllomere together with s. chaeticum (sch), s. basioconicum (sb) and s. coeloconicum (sc) (×9k) (A); cross-section of s. trichodium (B) showing presence of the sensillum lumen (sl) with dendrites (d) and thick wall (sw) with pores (wp) (C).
Fig. 1 in Types and functions of mole cricket (Orthoptera: Gryllotalpidae) antennal and palpal sensilla
Fig. 1. SEM photos of the flagellum mid-section of N. hexadactyla (A), S. abbreviatus (B), S. vicinus (C) and S. borellii (×140) (D).
Fig. 5 in Types and functions of mole cricket (Orthoptera: Gryllotalpidae) antennal and palpal sensilla
Fig. 5. Transmission electron micrographs (A, B) and the longitudinal section of s. basioconicum (sb), located on the tip of the each segment (C), indicate presence of the wall pore (wp), sensilla lumen (sl) and dendrites (d).
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
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