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445 results for “data constraint”
data for article "Theory informed, experiment based, constraint on the rate of autoxidation chemistry – An analytical approach"
<p>The files contain the data from simulations shown in plots for main manuscript figures and SI figures. Further, a preliminary autoCONSTRAINT verion to reproduce the results shown is attached and the PyCHAM model used to create CIMS-like inputs to autoCONSTRAINT referenced (model inputs are attached). For any questions on the data contact: office@pi-numerics.com</p> <p>Detailed information on the file content is provided in file "SI_data_description"</p>
Data from Deng et al. (2025) "Secular Change of Preservation of Lunar Sinuous Rilles: Constraints from Lava Flow Numerical Modeling"
<p>These are the updated supplemental materials of our article, adding more groups of simulation and a sensitivity analysis of two parameters, cell width and plane slope.</p>
Data from: The evolution of egg shape in birds: Evolutionary constraints and adaptations
<p>Using accurate measures of size and shape, we studied the eggs of 955 extant species across the avian phylogeny, including 39 of the 40 orders, and 78% of the 249 families. We show that the elongation component of egg shape is largely the result of constraints imposed by the female's anatomy during egg formation, whereas asymmetry is mainly an adaptation to conditions during the incubation period. Thus, egg elongation is related to the size of the egg in relation to the size of the female's oviduct and also to either the shape of her pelvis or general body conformation associated with her mode of locomotion. Egg asymmetry is related mainly to clutch size and the structure of the incubation site, factors that influence thermal efficiency during incubation and the risk of breakage. Importantly, general patterns across the phylogeny do not always reflect the trends within families and orders. We argue that the analysis of avian egg shape is most profitably conducted within taxa where all species share similar life histories and ecologies, as there is no single factor that influences egg shape in the same way in all birds.</p>
Data from: Modeling the impact of birth control policies on China's population and age: effects of delayed births and minimum birth age constraints
<p>We consider age-structured models with an imposed refractory period between births. These models can be used to formulate alternative population control strategies to China's one-child policy. By allowing any number of births, but with an imposed delay between births, we show how the total population can be decreased and how a relatively older age distribution can be generated. This delay represents a more "continuous" form of population management for which the strict one-child policy is a limiting case. Such a policy approach could be more easily accepted by society. Our analyses provide an initial framework for studying demographics and how social constraints influence population structure.</p> <p>This dataset includes the raw population data for 1981 China and 2000 Japan, and some Matlab code files used to process such raw data and produce predictions.</p>
Raw EEG data for the experiment reported in "Understanding the effects of constraint and predictability in ERP"
<p>This repository contains the raw EEG data for the above-named paper. Preprocessing scripts are stored at: <a href="http://osf.io/fndk5/">https://osf.io/fndk5/</a></p> <p>The raw EEG data are the files *.eeg, *.vmrk and *.vhdr (BrainVision format EEG data). The numeric prefix indicates the participant ID. All three files must be stored in the same directory to work with the preprocessing script. Individual participant log files from the experimental presentation paradigm are stored in the zipped subdirectory opensesame_logs.zip. To work with the preprocessing script, these must be unzipped into a folder called opensesame_logs, stored in the folder containing the raw EEG files.</p> <p>A repository of intermediate preprocessing files based on the raw data is at <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/7002697">https://zenodo.org/record/7002697</a>.</p> <p>Note that the following raw files are included in the dataset for transparency but were not preprocessed for the final analysis: subject 15 due to a recording software crash mid-experiment, and subjects 40:43 as their EEG data were corrupted.</p>
[SUPERCEDED] Preprocessed EEG data for the experiment reported in "Understanding the effects of constraint and predictability in ERP"
<p>This repository contains <strong><em>an outdated version of</em></strong> intermediate preprocessing files for the above-named paper. Please see the current version here: <a href="https://zenodo.org/record/7334782">https://zenodo.org/record/7334782</a></p>
Data for Estimation of 3D Moho depths beneath Southern Indian Shield by inverting seismic constraint gravity anomalies
<p>This is a help file for a description of all Data used for the implementation of our present paper<br> 'Estimation of 3D Moho depths beneath Southern Indian Shield by inverting seismic constraint gravity anomalies.' </p> <p> </p>
Supplementary Data for "New Constraints on Gliese 876 - Exemplar of Mean-Motion Resonance"
<p>This repository contains supplementary material to the paper<br> Millholland, S., Laughlin, G., Teske, J., et al. "New Constraints on Gliese 876 - Exemplar of Mean-Motion Resonance." 2018, AJ, in press</p> <p>The file, "posterior_samples.csv", contains DE-MCMC posterior parameter samples for the four-planet coplanar radial velocity fit, which is described in Section 4 and summarized in Table 4 of the paper. The epoch of fit is 2450602.09311 BJD. <br> To fit within file size limitations, the posterior samples were thinned by uniqueness. The columns of the files are provided below. For the planet parameters, the columns are in orbital period order (i.e. planets "d", "c", "b", "e"). </p> <p>0-3 Periods (days) <br> 4-7 Semi-major axes (AU) <br> 8-11 RV semi-amplitudes (m/s) <br> 12-15 Masses (Earth masses) <br> 16-19 Eccentricities <br> 20-23 Arguments of periastron (degrees) <br> 24-27 Mean anomalies (degrees) <br> 28-31 Arg. of peri. plus mean anom. (degrees) <br> 32-35 e cos(arg. peri.)<br> 36-39 e sin(arg. peri.)<br> 40-43 Longitude of the ascending node (degrees) <br> 44-47 Inclination (degrees) <br> 48-53 RV zero-point offsets (m/s) <br> 54-59 Sigma jitter terms (m/s) <br> 60 h (m/s) <br> 61 w <br> 62 logP_rot (log days) <br> 63 Lambda (days) <br> 64 log-likelihood </p> <p>Feel free to direct questions or comments to sarah [dot] millholland [at] yale [dot] edu.</p>
New Constraints on Gliese 876 - Exemplar of Mean-Motion Resonance: Supplementary Data
<p>Gliese 876 - Posterior Samples from RV Fit</p> <p>This respository contains supplementary material to the paper <br> Millholland, S., Laughlin, G., Teske, J., et al. <em>New Constraints on Gliese 876 - Exemplar of Mean-Motion Resonance. </em>2018, AJ, in press</p> <p>The file "posterior_samples_4pl_fit.csv" contains DE-MCMC posterior parameter samples for the four-planet coplanar radial velocity fit, which is described in Section 4 and summarized in Table 4 of the paper. The epoch of fit is 2450602.09311 BJD. <br> To fit within file size limitations, the posterior samples were thinned by uniqueness. The columns of the files are provided below. For the planet parameters, the columns are in orbital period order (i.e. planets "d", "c", "b", "e").</p> <p>0-3 Periods (days) <br> 4-7 Semi-major axes (AU) <br> 8-11 Masses (Earth masses) <br> 12-15 Eccentricities <br> 16-19 Arguments of periastron (degrees) <br> 20-23 Mean anomalies (degrees) <br> 24-27 Arg. of peri. plus mean anom. (degrees) <br> 28 Inclination (degrees) <br> 29-34 RV zero-point offsets (m/s) <br> 35-40 Sigma jitter terms (m/s) <br> 41 h (m/s) <br> 42 w <br> 45 logP_rot (log days) <br> 46 Lambda (days) <br> 47 log-likelihood </p> <p>Feel free to direct questions or comments to sarah [dot] millholland [at] yale [dot] edu.</p>
Data from: Testing frameworks for early life effects: The developmental constraints and adaptive response hypotheses do not explain key fertility outcomes in wild female baboons
<p>In evolutionary ecology, two classes of explanations are frequently invoked to explain "early life effects" on adult outcomes. Developmental constraints (DC) explanations contend that costs of early adversity arise from limitations adversity places on optimal development. Adaptive response (AR) hypotheses propose that later life outcomes will be worse when early and adult environments are poorly "matched." Here, we use recently proposed mathematical definitions for these hypotheses and a quadratic-regression based approach to test the long-term consequences of variation in developmental environments on fertility in wild baboons. We evaluate whether low rainfall and/or dominance rank during development predict three female fertility measures in adulthood, and whether any observed relationships are consistent with DC and/or AR. Neither rainfall during development nor the difference between rainfall in development and adulthood predicted any fertility measures. Females who were low-ranking during development had an elevated risk of losing infants later in life, and greater change in rank between development and adulthood predicted greater risk of infant loss. However, both effects were statistically marginal and consistent with alternative explanations, including adult environmental quality effects. Consequently, our data do not provide compelling support for either of these common explanations for the evolution of early life effects.</p>
Data from: Extreme neck elongation evolved despite strong developmental constraints in bizarre Triassic reptiles – implication for neck modularity in archosaurs
<p>The Triassic radiation of vertebrates saw the emergence of the modern vertebrate groups, as well as numerous extinct animals exhibiting conspicuous, unique anatomical characteristics. Among these, members of Tanystropheidae (Reptilia: Archosauromorpha) displayed cervical vertebral elongation to an extent unparalleled in any other vertebrate. Tanystropheids were exceptionally ecologically diverse and had a wide spatial and temporal distribution. This may have been related to their neck anatomy, yet its evolution and functional properties remain poorly understood. We used geometric morphometrics to capture the intraspecific variation between the vertebrae comprising the cervical column among early archosauromorphs, to trace the evolutionary history of neck elongation in these animals. Our results show that the cervical series of these reptiles can be divided into modules corresponding to those of extant animals. Tanystropheids achieved neck elongation through somite elongation and a shift between cervical and thoracic regions, without presacral vertebrae count increase - contrary to crown archosaurs. This suggests a peculiar developmental constraint that strongly affected the evolution of tanystropheids. The data obtained just at the base of the archosauromorph phylogenetic tree is crucial for further studies on the modularity of vertebral columns of not only Triassic reptile groups but extant and other extinct animals as well.</p>
Data+Analysis+Plotting scripts for "Constraint on the dissipative tidal deformability of neutron stars"
<p>The .zip file contains three directories. </p> <p>1. GW170817-Strain: the raw data (glitch free). Downloaded from https://gwosc.org/events/GW170817/.<br>2. Bilby-Output: the output from running our Bilby sampling scripts. These can be found at https://github.com/JLRipley314/NRTidal-D/tree/main<br>3. Plotting-Scripts: the plotting scripts we used in our paper https://arxiv.org/abs/2312.11659.</p> <p>NOTE: If you want to make sure the plotting scripts work properly, you should download bilby and related dependencies as described in https://github.com/JLRipley314/NRTidal-D/tree/main (or at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11589416)</p>
Data for: Model-based myocardial T1 mapping with sparsity constraints using single-shot inversion-recovery radial FLASH Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance
<p>Magnetic Resonance Imaging measurement data used in our paper about model-based myocardial T1 mapping with sparsity constraints. The data was obtained using a single-short inversion-recovery radial FLASH sequence and is provided in a file format used by the BART toolbox (<a href="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.592960">DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.592960</a>).</p>
HydroWIRES B1: Monthly and Weekly Hydropower Constraints Based on Disaggregated EIA-923 Data
<p>This dataset provides both monthly and weekly constraints (maximum and minimum generation) and power targets for hundreds of hydropower plants across the United States. The data is intended for use in Production Cost Models (PCMs) and Capacity Expansion Models (CEMs). The hydropower data is based on disaggregated annual power data which is part of the EIA-923 dataset.</p> <p>The code to reproduce this data is available here: <a href="https://github.com/HydroWIRES-PNNL/B1-data">https://github.com/HydroWIRES-PNNL/B1-data</a></p> <p>The original disaggregation procedure is detailed here:</p> <p><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41597-022-01748-x" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://www.nature.com/articles/s41597-022-01748-x</a><br><a href="https://github.com/immm-sfa/turner_voisin_nelson_2022_scientific_data">https://github.com/immm-sfa/turner_voisin_nelson_2022_scientific_data</a><br><a href="https://github.com/pnnl/hydrofixr">https://github.com/pnnl/hydrofixr</a></p> <p>A paper describing the weekly data is in preperation.</p> <p>Corresponding author: cameron.bracken@pnnl.gov, nathalie.voisin@pnnl.gov</p> <p> </p> <p>Version 1.3.0 Uses RectiHyd 1.3 which includes several hundred new observed data locations from a variety of sources</p> <p>Version 1.2.0 Adds hydro plant data (forebay, inflow, outflow) for some Pacific Northwest plants and HUC4 flow data for most plants</p> <p>Version 1.1.2 Updates the data using final EIA 2022 data </p> <p>Version 1.1.1 Fixes the zip format </p> <p>Version 1.1.0 Extends the data to 2022 using updated versions of the underlying data</p> <p> </p>
Code and Data for Sturm and Silva (2024) A nudge to the truth: atom conservation as a hard constraint in models of atmospheric composition using an uncertainty-weighted correction
<p>This record contains the Julia photochemical model (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13385541) output in csv format used for training XGBoost in ProjectionConservationRF.py to emulate ozone photochemical formation. Nonphysical predictions that violate conservation of atoms are corrected using a closed-form, constrained least-squares approach that factors in uncertainty and scale using species-level weights. The file ozoneNOx_visualization.py contains an example and visualization for a smaller system, the primary photolytic cycle from which the Leighton relationship can be derived.</p> <p>The corresponding preprint is available here: <a href="https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2408.16109">https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2408.16109</a></p>
Data from: Geographic and climatic constraints on bioregionalization of European ants
<p><strong><span>Aim</span></strong><span>: Biogeographic regionalization is scant for most insect groups due to shortfalls in distribution and phylogenetic information, namely the Wallacean and Darwinian shortfalls respectively. Here, we focused on the European ants and compared new techniques to classical analyses based on regional lists and taxonomic methods. We asked the following: 1) Can grid-based regionalizations using novel distribution data improve biogeographic transitions? and 2) Can phylogenetic approaches reveal new insights regarding ant evolutionary history?</span></p> <p><strong><span>Location</span></strong><span>: Europe and Anatolia.</span></p> <p><strong><span>Taxon</span></strong><span>: Ants (Formicidae).</span></p> <p><strong><span>Methods</span></strong><span>: First, we developed a refined database integrating the occurrences of 747 ant species across 207 regions of Europe and Anatolia, based on newly expert-validated records derived from the existing Global Ant Biodiversity Informatics (GABI) database. Using range estimates for these species derived from polygons and species distribution modelling, we produced species assemblages in 50 × 50 km grid cells. We calculated taxonomic and phylogenetic turnover of ant assemblages, then performed a hierarchical clustering procedure to delineate biogeographic structure.</span></p> <p><strong><span>Results</span></strong><span>: At both the regional list- and grid assemblage-levels, the Mediterranean has higher turnover and more biogeographic regions than northern Europe, both taxonomically and phylogenetically. Delineations based on grid assemblages detected more detailed biogeographic transitions, while those based on regional lists showed stronger insularity in biogeographic structure. The phylogenetic regionalization suggested a very similar spatial structure but varied affinities between assemblages in comparison to the taxonomic approach.</span></p> <p><strong><span>Main conclusions</span></strong><span>: Here, we integrated expert-validated regional lists, species distribution modelling, and a recent phylogeny to tackle Wallacean and Darwinian shortfalls for an important insect group by developing a next-generation map of biogeographic regionalization for European ants. The results of this study suggest strong constraints from geographic barriers and potential effects of climatic history on ant distributions and evolutionary history and also provide baseline spatial information for future investigations of regional insect distributions.</span></p>
Preprocessed EEG data for the experiment reported in "Understanding the effects of constraint and predictability in ERP"
<p>This repository contains intermediate preprocessing files for the above-named paper. Preprocessing scripts are stored at: <a href="http://osf.io/fndk5/">https://osf.io/fndk5/</a></p> <p>For the raw EEG data, please see <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/6992085">https://zenodo.org/record/6992085</a>.</p> <p>The intermediate preprocessing files are *_ica.rds (R datasets saved after running ICA), and *_prepro.rds (R datasets saved after individual preprocessing complete, before combination with other participants). To use the data with the preprocessing scripts, download and save it in a folder called prepro_EEG_data as explained in the preprocessing script.</p>
Data: Large old trees increase growth under shifting climatic constraints: Aligning tree longevity and individual growth dynamics in primary mountain spruce forests
<p>In a world of accelerating changes in environmental conditions driving tree growth, tradeoffs between tree growth rate and longevity could curtail the abundance of large, old trees (LOTs), with potentially dire consequences for biodiversity and carbon storage. However, the influence of tree-level tradeoffs on forest structure at landscape scales will also depend on disturbances, which shape tree size and age distribution, and on whether LOTs can benefit from improved growing conditions due to climate warming.</p> <p>We analyzed temporal and spatial variation in radial growth patterns from ~5000 Norway spruce (<em>Picea abies </em>(L.) H. Karst) live and dead trees from the Western Carpathian primary spruce forest stands. We applied mixed-linear modeling to quantify the importance of LOT growth histories and stand dynamics (i.e. competition and disturbance factors) on lifespan. Finally, we assessed regional synchronization in radial growth variability over the 20<sup>th</sup> century, and modelled the effects of stand dynamics and climate on LOTs recent growth trends.</p> <p>Tree age varied considerably among forest stands, implying an important role of disturbance as an age constraint. Slow juvenile growth and longer period of suppressed growth prolonged tree lifespan, while increasing disturbance severity and shorter time since last disturbance decreased it. The highest age was not achieved only by trees with continuous slow growth, but those with slow juvenile growth followed by subsequent growth releases. Growth trend analysis demonstrated an increase in absolute growth rates in response to climate warming, with late summer temperatures driving the recent growth trend. Contrary to our expectation that LOTs would eventually exhibit declining growth rates, the oldest LOTs (>400 years) continuously increase growth throughout their lives, indicating a high phenotypic plasticity of LOTs for increasing biomass, and a strong carbon sink role of primary spruce forests under rising temperatures, intensifying droughts, and increasing bark beetle outbreaks.</p>
Data files for Constraints on axionlike particles from a combined analysis of three flaring Fermi flat-spectrum radio quasars
<p>In this repository, we provide data files in connection to our publication “Constraints on axionlike particles from a combined analysis of three flaring Fermi flat-spectrum radio quasars” submitted for publication in Physical Review D and available on the Arxiv: <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2211.03414">https://arxiv.org/abs/2211.03414</a></p> <p><br> In the paper, we analyze data from the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) of three flat spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs): 3C454.3, 3C279, and CTA102, to search for signatures of oscillations between photons and axion-like particles (ALPs).<br> In this repository, we provide the following data:</p> <ul> <li>Files ending on *_data_seds.npy contain the spectral energy distributions (SEDs) measured with the Fermi LAT and extracted using the fermipy software</li> <li>Files ending on *_LLs.npy contain the log-likelihood values of our fits over a grid of ALP masses and photon-ALP couplings</li> <li>Files ending on *_Lambdas.npy contain the log-likelihood ratio test values of our fits over a grid of ALP masses and photon-ALP couplings</li> <li>Files ending on *_LL_thresh.npy contain the threshold values for the log-likelihood ratio test for which we can claim an exclusion at the 95% confidence level over a grid of ALP masses and photon-ALP couplings</li> <li>Files ending on*_contours.npy contain the upper limit contours.</li> </ul> <p>Files starting with "ALL" contain the likelihoods combined over all sources</p> <p>We also provide a minimal jupyter notebook, analysis_arrays.ipynb, that demonstrates how to read in the files.</p>
Data for: Drought impairs herbivore-induced volatiles, but not through constraints on newly assimilated carbon
<p>Volatile terpenes serve multiple biological roles including tree resistance against herbivores. The increased frequency and severity of drought stress observed in forests across the globe may hinder trees from producing defense-related volatiles in response to biotic stress. To assess how drought-induced physiological stress alters volatile emissions alone and in combination with a biotic challenge, we monitored pre-dawn water potential, gas exchange, needle terpene concentrations, and terpene volatile emissions of ponderosa pine (<em>Pinus ponderosa</em>) saplings during three periods of drought and in response to simulated herbivory via methyl jasmonate application. Although three-, six-, and seven-week drought treatments reduced net photosynthetic rates by 20%, 89%, and 105%, respectively, the magnitude of volatile fluxes remained generally resistant to drought. Herbivore-induced emissions, however, exhibited threshold-like behavior; saplings were unable to induce emissions above constitutive levels when pre-dawn water potentials were below the approximate zero-assimilation point. By comparing compositional shifts in emissions to needle terpene concentrations, we found evidence that drought effects on constitutive and herbivore-induced volatile flux and composition are primarily via constraints on the <em>de novo</em> fraction, suggesting that reduced photosynthesis during drought limits the carbon substrate available for <em>de novo</em> volatile synthesis. However, results from a subsequent <sup>13</sup>CO<sub>2</sub> pulse-chase labeling experiment then confirmed that both constitutive (<3% labeled) and herbivore-induced (<8% labeled) <em>de novo</em> emissions from ponderosa pine are synthesized predominantly from older carbon sources with little contribution from new photosynthates. Taken together, we provide evidence that in ponderosa pine, drought does not constrain herbivore-induced <em>de novo</em> emissions through substrate limitation via reduced photosynthesis, but rather, through more sophisticated molecular and/or biophysical mechanisms that manifest as saplings reach the zero-assimilation point. These results highlight the importance of considering drought severity when assessing impacts on the herbivore-induced response and suggest that drought-altered volatile metabolism constrains induced emissions once a physiological threshold is surpassed.</p>
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.