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78 results for “diel activity”
Mammals adjust diel activity across gradients of urbanization
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Data from: Acoustic accelerometry reveals diel activity patterns in premigratory Port Jackson sharks
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Data from: Temporal partitioning of activity: rising and falling top-predator abundance triggers community-wide shifts in diel activity
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Data from: Comparing diel activity patterns of wildlife across latitudes and seasons: time transformations using day length
(1) Camera trapping allows scientists to study activity patterns of animals under natural conditions. However, comparisons of activity patterns across seasons or latitudes can be biased, because activity is often attuned to sunrise and sunset, the timing of which varies with latitude and season. Existing transformation methods to solve this problem have limitations. (2) Here, we explore whether and how activity patterns can be transformed more accurately using two alternative 'double anchoring' transformations – equinoctial and average anchoring – that anchor activity time to two chosen anchor points during the study period. (3) Using simulated noisy datasets mimicking species with either crepuscular, diurnal or cathemeral activity patterns, we compared the ability of different transformation methods to extract the latent pattern and activity levels under different study conditions. We found that average anchoring best retrieved the original diel activity pattern and yielded accurate estimates of activity level. Two alternative transformation methods – single anchoring and equinoctial anchoring – performed less well. Bias in estimates from using untransformed clock times was most marked (up to 2.5-fold over-estimation) for longer studies covering 4-5 months either side of an equinox at high latitude, and focusing on crepuscular species. (4) We applied the average anchoring method to 9 months of data on Red deer (Cervus elaphus), Wild boar (Sus scrofa) and Mouflon (Ovis amon musimon) activity as captured by camera traps in National Park Hoge Veluwe, the Netherlands. Average anchoring revealed more pronounced peaks of activity after sunset than was apparent from untransformed data in red deer and wild boar, but not for mouflon, a cathemeral species. Similarly, activity level was lower when calculated using average-anchored time for red deer and wild boar, but no difference was observed for mouflon. (5) We conclude that transformation of time might not be necessary at latitudes below 20°, or in studies with a duration of less than a month (below 40° latitude). For longer study periods and/or higher latitudes, average-anchoring resolves the problem of variable day length. Code is provided. The transformation functions are incorporated in the R-package 'activity'.
Data from: Invasive shrubs modify rodent activity timing, revealing a behavioral rule governing diel activity
Animals adjust the timing of their activity to maximize benefits, such as access to resources, and minimize costs, such as exposure to predators. Despite many examples of invasive plants changing animal behavior, the potential for invasive plants to alter the timing of animal activity remains unexplored. In eastern North America, invasive shrubs might have particularly strong effects on animal activity timing during spring and fall, when many invasive shrubs retain their leaves long after native species' leaves senesce. We experimentally removed an invasive shrub (buckthorn, Rhamnus cathartica) and monitored the activity timing of a ubiquitous small-mammal species (white-footed mouse, Peromyscus leucopus) in spring, summer, and fall. We captured nearly three times as many P. leucopus in plots invaded by R. cathartica compared to plots with R. cathartica removed, and P. leucopus were captured two hours earlier in invaded plots. Regardless of invasion treatment, P. leucopus appear to follow a common rule to set activity timing: P. leucopus were only active below a threshold of ground-level moonlight illuminance (0.038 lux). Diel and monthly lunar cycles play an important role in regulating small-mammal activity, but our data suggest that decreased light penetration dampens the influence of moonlight illuminance in habitats invaded by R. cathartica, allowing P. leucopus to remain active throughout the night. By changing the temporal niche of ubiquitous native animals, invasive shrubs may have unappreciated effects on many ecological interactions, including processes that alter community diversity and affect human health.
Mesopredators have differing influences on prey habitat use and diel activity in a multipredator landscape
<p>A repository with data and code used for Palomo et al. (in press).</p>
Figs 1-2 in Ad-hoc devised phototraps unravel Cerambyx miles diel activity in the wild (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)
Figs 1-2 – Phototraps used in this study to assess the diel activity of Cerambyx miles in the wild; 1, model PT1 with capture used in 2020; 2, model PT2 without capture used in 2021. Both phototraps set in pyrenean oaks (Quercus pyrenaica) in the Montánchez mountain range, Cáceres, Extremadura (SW Spain). See text for a detailed description.
Figure 1 in Diel and seasonal activity of ground dwelling spiders (Araneae) in a sandy grassland habitat
Figure 1. Diel activity of the dominant ground dwelling spider families of sandy grassland. The number of individuals collected at consecutive pitfall checking (for example: spiders collected at 1200 hours were active between 0900 and 1200 hours).
Figure 2 in Diel and seasonal activity of ground dwelling spiders (Araneae) in a sandy grassland habitat
Figure 2. Correspondence analysis of diel activity of the dominant spider families in the sandy grassland habitat.
Fig. 3 in Diel flight activity and habitat preference of dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in Peninsular Malaysia
Fig. 3. Cluster analysis groupings of dung beetle species based on the level of specificity to forest habitat and nocturnal activity patterns. Four groups were identified at a dissimilarity of 1.0 (broken line). See Table 1 for species codes. Species with more than five individuals are shown in boldface.
Data from: Out of the dark: 350 million years of conservatism and evolution in diel activity patterns in vertebrates
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Data from: Invasive shrubs modify rodent activity timing, revealing a behavioral rule governing diel activity
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Data from: Comparing diel activity patterns of wildlife across latitudes and seasons: time transformations using day length
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Data from: Diel activity, frequency and visit duration of pollinators in focal plants: in situ automatic camera monitoring and data processing
Data collection on interactions between organisms and their environment has traditionally been conducted by on-site human observations, a time-consuming enterprise that could explain the shortage of around-the-clock observations of free-ranging wild animals. In this paper, I outline a time-efficient procedure to collect data on flower-visiting animals. The objectives were, first, to model diel activity rhythms by using cosine-based mixed-effects regression models (cosinor method) on data from an established automatic video monitoring system and, secondly, to test the use of a cheap off-the-shelf digital camera modified for automated monitoring of flower visitors. Two different model systems were studied: foraging bumblebees visiting focal white clovers, monitored around-the-clock (193 h) to model diel activity; and honeybees visiting thistles, monitored over a shorter period (5 h) to test the applicability and reliability of a new method for monitoring pollinators. The data were automatically entered and processed using R-scripts after manual filtering of the images, obviating the need for manual data entry prior to analysis. For diel activity in bumblebees, the model that gave the best fit included the 24-h fundamental period and one harmonic, a 12-h period to modulate the signal, together with temperature. The bumblebees were exclusive diurnal, with activity starting about 5 h after sunrise, peaking sharply in the afternoon and ending about 1 h before sunset. In addition to time of day, activity also increased with temperature. The off-the-shelf digital camera, Canon PowerShot®, with motion detection script, was triggered by every flower-visiting honeybee. In addition to recorded visitor frequency and visitor duration, it enabled high-resolution images, which could be important for species identification. Automatic camera recording is advantageous for close-up monitoring, compared with continuous video recording, because the latter demands more time and effort in reviewing the material. It could be used to study a range of different species such as pollinators, on-plant behaviour of herbivorous animals, cavity dwellers or cavity breeders. Moreover, the procedures for automatic data entry, data processing and statistical analysis for modelling diel activity rhythms could have great relevance for researchers using other types of camera monitoring systems operating 24 h per day.
Fig. 5 in Observation Of Eurasian Otter'S Diel Activity Using Camera Trapping In Central-Eastern Romania
Fig. 5. Seasonal variation of otter activity pattern in study area during March 2011–April 2016.
Data from: Diel activity, frequency and visit duration of pollinators in focal plants: in situ automatic camera monitoring and data processing
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Fig. 1 in Diel behavior in moths and butterflies: a synthesis of data illuminates the evolution of temporal activity
Fig. 1 Simplified tree showing the evolution of diel activity in adult Lepidoptera, inferred from the Bnt123_partitioned^ dataset of Regier et al. (2013) with an RNA-Seq based topological constraint from Kawahara and Breinholt (2014) and Bazinet et al. (2017). This tree excludes some of the nodes and less diverse lineages in Lepidoptera; the complete nt123_partitioned phylogeny with all taxa in the dataset and all estimations of ancestral state probabilities can be found in Fig. S1. Colors of branches and pies: black = nocturnal, gray = crepuscular, white = diurnal. Most tips represent superfamily-level clades; the exceptions are tips at nodes 31, 32, 37, and 38, which represent families. Images of Lepidoptera shown: a Hypercompe scribonia (Noctuoidea: Erebidae), nocturnal. b Ctenucha sp. (Noctuoidea: Erebidae), diurnal. c Trabala ganesha (Lasiocampoidea: Lasiocampidae), nocturnal. d Milionia basalis (Geometroidea: Geometridae), diurnal. e Hemileuca eglanterina (Bombycoidea: Saturniidae), diurnal. f Macroglossum stellatarum
Fig. 5 in Seasonal and Diel Activity of Dung Beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea) Attracted to European Bison Dung in Białowieża Primeval Forest, Poland
Fig. 5. Dominance structure per six-hour trapping period of four scarabaeoid dung beetle species in each of six months of the vegetative season Białowieża Primeval Forest, Poland. 6, 12, 18, and 0 = traps emptied respectively at 6 am, noon, 6 pm, and midnight, respectively.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.