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FIG. 4 in The Drosophila funebris Species Group in North America (Diptera: Drosophilidae)

FIG. 4. Epandria (male) of native North American species of the Drosophila funebris group; posterolateral views (to same scale). A. D. limpiensis (ex: Limpia Canyon, TX). B. D. macrospina (ex: Magazine Mtn., AR). C. D. subfunebris (ex: Pasadena, CA). D. D. trispina (ex: Earp, CA).

FIG. 7 in The Drosophila funebris Species Group in North America (Diptera: Drosophilidae)

FIG. 7. Aedeagi with aedeagal apodemes, ejaculatory apodemes (B, D, E), lateral views (all to same scale). A. D. macrospina (ex: Magazine Mtn., AR). B. D. macrospina (ex: Rochester, NY). C. D. limpiensis (Limpia Canyon, TX). D. D. trispina. E. D. subfunebris.

FIG. 6 in The Drosophila funebris Species Group in North America (Diptera: Drosophilidae)

FIG. 6. External details of male terminalia, A–G: Cercal spines, right lateral views; H–K: Surstyli, lateral views. All to same scale. A. D. limpiensis (ex: Limpia Canyon, TX). B. D. limpiensis (ex: Patagonia, Arizona). C. D. macrospina (ex: New Orleans, LA). D. D. macrospina (ex: Piqua, OH), dashed line indicates spine sometimes missing. E. D. subfunebris ex: Pasadena, CA). F. G. D. trispina (ex: Earp, CA), G. showing right cercus with one less spine. H. D. limpiensis (ex: Limpia Canyon, TX). I. D. macrospina (ex: New Orleans, LA). J. D. subfunebris (ex: Pasadena, CA). K. D. trispina (ex: Earp, CA).

FIG. 3 in The Drosophila funebris Species Group in North America (Diptera: Drosophilidae)

FIG. 3. Drosophila macrospina thorax and abdomen (all ex: Rochester, NY). A. Head and thorax, dorsal. B. Thorax, lateral. C. Abdomen, male. D. Abdomen, female.

FIG. 9 in The Drosophila funebris Species Group in North America (Diptera: Drosophilidae)

FIG. 9. Female terminalia (oviscapts, spermathecal capsules, and minutely scaled oviprovector membrane [internal]) of North American species of the D. funebris group (all to same scale). A. D. funebris (introduced). B. D. limpiensis. C. D. macrospina (spermatheca of limpiensis and macrospina is identical). D. D. subfunebris. E. D. trispina.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2022View details →

Genome-wide selection signatures reveal widespread synergistic effects of two different stressors in Drosophila melanogaster: scripts and files

Pipeline and analysis scripts as well as final data files

opencc-by-4.0Jan 2022View details →

Genome annotations of Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila simulans wild-type strains from long read sequencing assemblies

Genome assemblies were performed for eight wild-type strains of Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila simulans from Oxford Nanopore long read sequencing (please refer to Mohamed et al. Cells 2020 (doi:10.3390/cells9081776)). Assemblies were deposited in the European Nucleotide Archive (ENA) at EMBL-EBI under accession number PRJEB50024 (<a href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/view/PRJEBxxxx">https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/view/</a>PRJEB50024). Transposable Element annotations: we used RepeatMasker 4.1.0 (<a href="http://repeatmasker.org/">http://repeatmasker.org/</a>) -species Drosophila, followed by OneCodeToFindThemAll (Bailly-Bechet et al. 2014) with default parameters. Gene annotations: We retrieved gtf files from FlyBase : <a>ftp.flybase.net/genomes/D</a><a>rosophila_melanogaster/dmel_r6,46_FB2022_03/gft/dmel-all-r6.46.gtf.gz</a> and <a>ftp.flybase.net/genomes/Drosophila_simulans/dsim_r2,02_FB2017_04/gtf/dsim-all-</a><a>r2,02.gtf.gz</a>. The corresponding fasta files were also downloaded from FlyBase: <a>ftp.flybase.net/genomes/Drosophila_melanogaster/dmel_r6,46_FB2022_03/</a><a>fasta</a><a>/dmel-all-</a><a>chromosome-</a><a>r6.46.</a><a>fasta</a><a>.gz</a> and <a>ftp.flybase.net/genomes/Drosophila_simulans/dsim_r2,02_FB2017_04/</a><a>fasta</a><a>/dsim-all-</a><a>chromosome-</a><a>r2,02.</a><a>fasta</a><a>.gz</a>. We used Liftoff (Shumate and Salzberg, 2020) to lift over gene annotations from the references to our genome assemblies. We used -flank 0.2 and only kept the “gene” and “exon” terms.

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Data from: A social learning primacy trend in mate-copying; an experiment in Drosophila melanogaster

Social learning is learning from the observation of how others interact with the environment. However, in nature, individuals often need to process serial social information and may either favour the most recent information (recency bias), constantly updating knowledge to match the environment, or the information that appeared first in the series (primacy bias), which may slow down adjustment to environmental change. Mate-copying is a widespread form of social learning in a mate choice context related to conformity in mate choice, and where a naïve individual develops a preference for a given mate (or mate phenotype) seen being chosen by conspecifics. Mate-copying is documented in most vertebrate taxa and in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. Here, we tested experimentally whether female fruit flies show a primacy or a recency bias by presenting pictures of a female copulating with one of two contrastingly coloured male phenotypes. We found that after two sequential contradictory demonstrations, females show a tendency to prefer males of the phenotype preferred in the first demonstration, suggesting that mate-copying in D. melanogaster is not based on the most recently observed mating and may be influenced by a form of primacy bias.

opencc-zeroMay 2024View details →

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The genetic basis of incipient sexual isolation in Drosophila melanogaster

Speciation is a fundamental evolutionary process, but the genetic changes accompanying speciation are difficult to determine since true species do not produce viable and fertile offspring. Partially reproductively isolated incipient species are useful for assessing genetic changes that occur prior to speciation. Drosophila melanogaster from Zimbabwe, Africa are partially sexually isolated from other D. melanogaster populations whose males have poor mating success with Zimbabwe females. We used the North American D. melanogaster Genetic Reference Panel (DGRP) to show that there is significant genetic variation in the mating success of DGRP males with Zimbabwe females, to map genetic variants and genes associated with variation in mating success, and to determine whether mating success to Zimbabwe females is associated with other quantitative traits previously measured in the DGRP. Incipient sexual isolation is highly polygenic and associated with the common African inversion In(3R)K and the amount of the sex pheromone 5,9-heptacosadiene in DGRP females. We functionally validated the effect of eight candidate genes using RNA interference to provide testable hypotheses for future studies investigating the molecular genetic basis of incipient sexual isolation in D. melanogaster.

opencc-zeroJun 2024View details →

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Data for: Altered Circadian Rhythm, Sleep, and Rhodopsin 7-Dependent Shade Preference During Diapause in Drosophila Melanogaster

To survive adverse environments, many animals enter a dormant state such as hibernation, dauer, or diapause. Various Drosophila species undergo adult reproductive diapause in response to cool temperatures and/or short day-length. While it is known that flies are less active during diapause, an in-depth understanding of diapause effects on circadian rhythms and sleep is lacking. Here we show that, in diapause-inducing conditions, Drosophila melanogaster exhibit altered circadian activity profiles, including a severely reduced morning activity peak and an advanced evening activity peak. Consequently, the flies have a single activity peak at a time similar to when non-diapausing flies have a siesta. Temperatures ≤15 °C, rather than short day-length, primarily drive the behavior. At cool temperatures, flies also rapidly enter a deep sleep state that lacks the sleep cycles of flies at higher temperatures and requires particularly high levels of stimulation for arousal. Furthermore, we show that at 18–25 °C, flies prefer to siesta in the shade, a preference that is virtually eliminated at 10 °C. Resting in the shade is driven by an aversion to blue light, sensed by rhodopsin 7 (Rh7) outside of the eyes. Flies at 10 ˚C show neuronal markers of elevated sleep pressure, including increased expression of Bruchpilot and elevated Ca2+ in the R5 ellipsoid body neurons. Therefore, sleep pressure might overcome blue light aversion. Thus at temperatures known to cause reproductive arrest, preserve germline stem cells, and extend lifespan, Drosophila melanogaster are prone to deep sleep and exhibit dramatically altered - yet rhythmic - daily activity patterns.

opencc-zeroJun 2024View details →

FIG. 15 in The Drosophila (Sophophora) obscura species group in the Americas (Diptera: Drosophilidae): review, revisions, and three new species

FIG. 15. Hypandrium, aedeagus and other appendages of representative species of the affinis subgroup (ventral views). A. D. narragansett (ASG 10: paralectotype, Massachusetts); B. D. olmeca (ASG 25: holotype); C. D. tolteca (ASG 23); D. D. narragansett (ASG: Virginia); E. D. olmeca (ASG 25: holotype, detail of B). A–C to same scale; D and E to same scale

FIG. 13 in The Drosophila (Sophophora) obscura species group in the Americas (Diptera: Drosophilidae): review, revisions, and three new species

FIG. 13. Epandria and associated structures in representative species of the pseudoobscura subgroup. A. D. cuauhtemoci (ASG 38); B. Detail of A; C. D. persimilis (ASG 36); D. Detail of C; E. D. zapoteca, n. sp. (ASG 20).

FIG. 12 in The Drosophila (Sophophora) obscura species group in the Americas (Diptera: Drosophilidae): review, revisions, and three new species

FIG. 12. Epandria and associated structures in representative species of the affinis subgroup. A. D. narragansett (ASG 10); B. Details of A; C. D. olmeca, n. sp. (ASG 25); D. Detail of C; E. D. tolteca (ASG 23).

FIG. 10 in The Drosophila (Sophophora) obscura species group in the Americas (Diptera: Drosophilidae): review, revisions, and three new species

FIG. 10. Protarsal male sex combs of species in the D. pseudoobscura subgroup. A. D. cuauhtemoci; B. D. lowei (ASG 40); C. D. maya (ASG 41); D. D. persimilis (ASG 36); E. D. pseudoobscura (ASG 35); F. D. zapoteca (ASG 01). All to the same scale.

FIG. 11 in The Drosophila (Sophophora) obscura species group in the Americas (Diptera: Drosophilidae): review, revisions, and three new species

FIG. 11. Epandria (male tergite VIII) and associated structures in representative species of the affinis subgroup. A. D. affinis (ASG 29); B. D. affinis, detail of A; C. D. azteca (ASG 13); D. D. chibcha, n. sp. (ASG 05).

FIG. 9 in The Drosophila (Sophophora) obscura species group in the Americas (Diptera: Drosophilidae): review, revisions, and three new species

FIG. 9. Protarsal male sex combs (tarsomeres ta1 and ta2, and ta3 for D. chibcha from Peru) of species in the affinis subgroup. A. D. affinis (ASG 29); B. D. algonquin (ASG 32); C. D. athabasca (ASG 31); D. D. azteca (ASG 13: San Franciso, CA); E. D. azteca (ASG 06: Leticia, Colombia); F. D. chibcha, n. sp. (ASG 04: Zurqui, Costa Rica); G. D. chibcha, n. sp. (ASG 05: Las Alturas, Costa Rica); H. D. chibcha (ASG 07: Rancho Grande, Venezuela); I. D. chibcha (ASG 08: Wayqecha, Peru); J. D. narragansett (ASG 10); K. D. olmeca (ASG 25); L. D. tolteca (ASG 23). All to the same scale.

FIG. 5 in The Drosophila (Sophophora) obscura species group in the Americas (Diptera: Drosophilidae): review, revisions, and three new species

FIG. 5. Frontal view of heads of Drosophila narragansett (including seminole, new synonym) and the related species D. olmeca, n. sp. A. D. narragansett, female paralectotype (ASG 11); B. D. narragansett, male paralectotype (ASG 10); C. D. seminole, male holotype; D. D. olmeca, n. sp., male holotype (ASG 25).

FIG. 8 in The Drosophila (Sophophora) obscura species group in the Americas (Diptera: Drosophilidae): review, revisions, and three new species

FIG. 8. Oviscapts and spermathecae (lateral views) of species in the pseudoobscura subgroup, with a detail for D. persimilis. A. D. cuauhtemoci (ASG 39); B. D. lowei (ASG 26); C. D. maya (ASG 19); D. D. persimilis (ASG 37); E. D. pseudoobscura (ASG 34); F. D. zapoteca (ASG 21).

FIG. 4 in The Drosophila (Sophophora) obscura species group in the Americas (Diptera: Drosophilidae): review, revisions, and three new species

FIG. 4. Frontal view of heads of representative species of the affinis subgroup. A. D. affinis, male. B. D. chibcha, n. sp., male holotype (ASG 05); C. D. tolteca, male (ASG 23); D. zapoteca, n. sp., male holotype (ASG 20). Note differences in development of the facial carina compared with faces in figure 3.

FIG. 7 in The Drosophila (Sophophora) obscura species group in the Americas (Diptera: Drosophilidae): review, revisions, and three new species

FIG. 7. Oviscapts and spermathecae (lateral views) of species in the affinis subgroup, with apical details for three species. A. D. affinis (ASG 28); B. D. athabasca (ASG 30); C. D. azteca (ASG 15); D. D. chibcha, n. sp. (ASG 17); E. D. dobzhanskii (ASG 33); F. D. narragansett (ASG 11); G. D. tolteca (ASG 24).