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173 results for “evolutionary dynamics”

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dryad32/100

Climate change reshapes the eco-evolutionary dynamics of a Neotropical seed dispersal system

Aim: Global changes will redistribute biodiversity, reshaping ecological interactions and ecosystem processes. The distribution decoupling of plants and their mutualistic seed dispersers, for instance, may have overlooked eco-evolutionary effects. How animal-dispersed plants will respond to changes in the distribution of their seed dispersers is, however, an open question. Here, we forecast the consequences of climate change and frugivory interactions for the spatial distribution and seed size evolution of a Neotropical palm. Location: Atlantic forests of South America Time period: Present day, end of 21st Century Major taxa studied: Thirty-two species of frugivorous birds, and a palm (Euterpe edulis). Methods: Future patterns of animal-plant co-occurrence were derived from ecological niche models, climate forecasts, projections of future forest loss, and seed dispersal simulations. We further explored the evolutionary effect of the spatial reorganization of interactions by modelling palm seed sizes as function of changes in the distribution of frugivore traits. Results: Our models indicate that future climate change and deforestation may reduce the palm's suitable distribution by 20-50%. However, our simulations suggest that 66% of all remaining future suitable distribution (76.200 km²) would still be inaccessible to the palm without the active dispersal of seeds by frugivores. In addition, novel frugivore communities are projected to have smaller body mass and gape size (-23% and -10%, respectively), due to the loss of large frugivores, which may translate into a 6–17% reduction of seed sizes across the palm's remaining distribution. Main conclusion: Our projections indicate that frugivore seed dispersal may be critical to allow occupancy of future habitat by the studied plant. However, loss of large frugivores may affect trait selection regimes, creating hotspots of plant evolution towards smaller seeds. We argue that such complex dynamics from species-specific responses to global change may drive the distribution and evolution of several interacting partners worldwide.

opencc-zeroJan 2022View details →

zenodo32/100

Fig. 2 Mitochondrial haplotype network using the 590 in Differentiation of North African foxes and population genetic dynamics in the desert-insights into the evolutionary history of two sister taxa, Vulpes rueppellii and Vulpes vulpes

Fig. 2 Mitochondrial haplotype network using the 590-bp concatenated sequences from Cyt-b and D-loop and a total of 46 sequences (same as in Fig. 1, except for C. lupus not being used as an outgroup in the TCS network). a Neighbour-Net network based on uncorrected patristic distances as implemented in SPLITSTREE. Canis lupus (DQ480504) was used as an outgroup. Numbers indicate bootstrap values. Scale bar represents 0.01 sequence divergence. Highlighoed are the four species, the three V. vulpes clades and the location within the network of the V. vulpes sample from Egypt. Colour patterns are concordant with Fig. 1 and b. b Statistical parsimony network assuming a 95 % parsimony threshold, as constructed by TCS. Symbol size and branch lengths are proportional to the number of shared individuals per haplotype and the number of mutational steps amongst haplotypes, respectively. Numbers in black background also refer to the number of mutation steps between species and V. vulpes clades. Symbols and colours are concordant with Fig. 1 and a. Haplotype codes, sample origin and corresponding accession numbers are available in Online Resource Table S1

opennotspecifiedAug 2015View details →

zenodo32/100

Fig. 3 in Differentiation of North African foxes and population genetic dynamics in the desert-insights into the evolutionary history of two sister taxa, Vulpes rueppellii and Vulpes vulpes

Fig. 3 Population structure analyses of V. vulpes using 32 microsatellite loci analysed with STRUCTURE software. a STRUCTURE HARVESTER output. Mean values of likelihood [L(K)] on ohe lefo, and Delta K values using the Evanno method (Evanno et al. 2005) on ohe righo. b Structure bar plot of Bayesian assignment of 35 individuals to two (K =2, lefo graphic) and three clusters (K =3, righo graphic). Horizonoal bars represent individuals, while colours wiohin a bar represent probability of assignment of each individual to a cluster. Country of origin for each individual is indicated between each structure bar plots

opennotspecifiedAug 2015View details →

zenodo32/100

Dataset for "Evolutionary Dynamics and Mechanisms of Chain-style Landslide Dam Failure Hazard: Insights from Experimental Field Research"

Yang et al. (2024) Dataset for "Evolutionary Dynamics and Mechanisms of Chain-style Landslide Dam Failure Hazard: Insights from Experimental Field Research", Journal of Geophysical Research-Earth Surface. The data that support the findings of this study are available on request from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2024View details →

dryad32/100

Data from: Keystone individuals alter ecological and evolutionary consumer-resource dynamics

Intraspecific variation is central to our understanding of evolution and ecology, but these fields generally consider either the mean trait value or its variance. Alternatively, the keystone individual concept from behavioral ecology posits that a single individual with an extreme phenotype can have disproportionate and irreplaceable effects on group dynamics. Here, I generalize this concept to include non-behavioral traits and broader ecological and evolutionary dynamics. I test for the effects of individuals with extreme phenotypes on the ecology and evolution or a gall-forming fly and its natural enemies that select for opposite gall sizes. Specifically I introduce a putatively keystone predator-attracting individual gall-maker, hypothesizing that the presence of such an individual should (i) increase gall-maker population-level mortality, (ii) cause consumer communities to be dominated by species that are most attracted to the keystone individual, (iii) increase selection for traits conferring defense against the most common consumer, and (iv) weaken patterns of stabilizing selection. I find support for both the ecological and evolutionary consequences of single individuals with extreme phenotypes, suggesting that they can be considered keystone individuals. I discuss the generality of the keystone individual concept, suggesting likely consequences for ecology and evolution.

opencc-zeroDec 2016View details →

dryad32/100

Code from: A theoretical framework for trait-based eco-evolutionary dynamics: population structure, intraspecific variation, and community assembly

How is trait diversity in a community apportioned between and within co-evolving species? Disruptive selection may result in either a few species with large intraspecific trait variation (ITV) or many species with different mean traits but little ITV. Similar questions arise in spatially structured communities: heterogeneous environments could result in either a few species that exhibit local adaptation or many species with different mean traits but little local adaptation. To date, theory has been well-equipped to either include ITV or to dynamically determine the number of coexisting species, but not both. Here, we devise a theoretical framework that combines these facets, and apply it to the above questions of how trait variation is apportioned within and between species in unstructured and structured populations, using two simple models of Lotka-Volterra competition. For unstructured communities, we find that as the breadth of the resource spectrum increases, ITV goes from being unimportant to crucial for characterizing the community. For spatially structured communities on two patches, we find no local adaptation, symmetric local adaptation, or asymmetric local adaptation depending on how much the patches differ. Our framework provides a general approach to incorporate ITV in models of eco-evolutionary community assembly.

opencc-zeroOct 2022View details →

dryad32/100